Cov txheej txheem:

Vim yog dab tsi ib xyoos tsuas yog ntev li 445 hnub thiab lwm yam lus qhia tseeb txog daim ntawv qhia hnub
Vim yog dab tsi ib xyoos tsuas yog ntev li 445 hnub thiab lwm yam lus qhia tseeb txog daim ntawv qhia hnub

Video: Vim yog dab tsi ib xyoos tsuas yog ntev li 445 hnub thiab lwm yam lus qhia tseeb txog daim ntawv qhia hnub

Video: Vim yog dab tsi ib xyoos tsuas yog ntev li 445 hnub thiab lwm yam lus qhia tseeb txog daim ntawv qhia hnub
Video: dab hais hmoob 34 poj ntxoog tuav cos mub hauv zov neeg ntshai tag 4/7/2023 10:03:48 2024, Lub peb hlis ntuj
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Feem ntau ntawm lub ntiaj teb tau suav lub sijhawm rau plaub caug xyoo siv daim ntawv qhia hnub hu ua Gregorian. Xyoo ntawm daim ntawv qhia hnub no tau muab faib ua 12 lub hlis thiab kav 365 hnub. Ib hnub ntxiv tau ntxiv txhua txhua plaub xyoos. Xws li lub xyoo hu ua xyoo leap. Qhov no yog qhov tsim nyog txhawm rau tshem tawm qhov sib txawv ntawm kev txav ntawm lub hnub thiab daim ntawv qhia hnub. Lub tswv yim no tau qhia nyob rau xyoo lig XVI xyoo los ntawm Pope Gregory XIII raws li kev hloov kho ntawm Julian daim ntawv qhia hnub. Gregorian daim ntawv qhia hnub feem ntau lees txais vim nws tsis tu ncua thiab yooj yim heev. Tab sis nws tsis tas li.

Vim li cas thiaj xav tau daim ntawv hloov kho tshiab?

Roman daim ntawv qhia hnub
Roman daim ntawv qhia hnub

Ua ntej kev lees paub ntawm Gregorian daim ntawv qhia hnub, lwm qhov tau ua haujlwm - Julian. Nws tau ze tshaj rau daim ntawv qhia hnub ci tiag tiag. Txij li lub Ntiaj Teb xav tau me ntsis ntau dua li 365 hnub los ua kev hloov pauv ib puag ncig lub hnub. Qhov sib txawv no tau txiav tawm los ntawm xyoo leap. Nws yog qhov muaj txiaj ntsig zoo kawg thiab hloov pauv loj rau nws lub sijhawm, tab sis daim ntawv qhia hnub no tseem tsis tuaj yeem khav ntawm qhov tseeb. Lub hnub ua kev hloov pauv rau 11.5 feeb ntev dua. Nws yuav zoo li tsis tseem ceeb, tab sis lub sijhawm tau maj mam dhau mus. Ntau xyoo dhau los, thiab los ntawm lub xyoo pua 16th Julian daim ntawv qhia hnub ua ntej ntawm lub teeb pom kev zoo los ntawm yuav luag kaum ib hnub.

Daim ntawv qhia hnub Roman tau ua raws daim ntawv qhia hnub hli, tab sis nws tsis raug
Daim ntawv qhia hnub Roman tau ua raws daim ntawv qhia hnub hli, tab sis nws tsis raug

Caesar kho cov lus tsis meej pem

Daim ntawv qhia hnub Julian tau qhia los ntawm Roman tus huab tais Julius Caesar. Nws tshwm sim hauv 46 BC. Qhov no tsis yog qhov xav tau txhua lub sijhawm, tab sis kev sim kho qhov tsis raug ntawm daim ntawv qhia hnub hli, uas tsim los ntawm Roman tam sim no. Nws muaj 355 hnub, faib los ntawm 12 lub hlis, uas luv dua li xyoo hnub ci ntau npaum li 10 hnub. Txhawm rau kho qhov tsis sib xws no, cov neeg Loos tau ntxiv 22 lossis 23 hnub rau txhua xyoo tom ntej. Ntawd yog, xyoo leap twb yog qhov xav tau lawm. Yog li, ib xyoos hauv Rome tuaj yeem kav ntev li 355, tom qab ntawd 377 lossis 378 hnub.

Dab tsi yog qhov tsis yooj yim dua, hnub dhau los lossis hnub uas hu ua intercalary tsis tau ntxiv raws li qee qhov txheej txheem, tab sis tau txiav txim siab los ntawm tus pov thawj hlob ntawm Tsev Kawm Qib Siab Pontiffs. Nov yog qhov tsis zoo ntawm tib neeg tau los ua si. Tus thawj tswj hwm, siv nws lub hwj chim dhau sijhawm, txuas ntxiv lossis luv xyoo hauv kev nrhiav cov hom phiaj ntawm tus kheej. Qhov kawg ntawm txhua qhov kev txaj muag no yog tus txiv neej Roman nyob hauv txoj kev tsis paub tias hnub twg yog hnub twg.

Nws yog qhov tsim nyog los muab cov khoom tso rau hauv
Nws yog qhov tsim nyog los muab cov khoom tso rau hauv

Txhawm rau ua kom tag nrho cov kev tsis sib haum xeeb no, Caesar tau hu rau cov kws tshaj lij thiab cov lej lej ntawm lub tebchaws. Nws tawm tsam lawv los tsim daim ntawv qhia hnub uas yuav sib haum nrog lub hnub nws tus kheej, yam tsis xav tau tib neeg kev cuam tshuam. Raws li kev suav ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd, xyoo dhau los 365 hnub thiab 6 teev. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm Caesar txoj haujlwm yog daim ntawv qhia hnub 365-hnub nrog ib hnub ntxiv ntxiv txhua txhua plaub xyoos. Qhov no yog qhov tsim nyog txhawm rau txhawm rau them rau 6 teev teev poob txhua xyoo.

Kev tshawb fawb niaj hnub qhia meej tias nws yuav siv peb lub ntiaj teb 365 hnub, 5 teev, 48 feeb thiab 45 vib nas this mus ncig lub Hnub ib zaug. Ntawd yog, daim ntawv qhia hnub tshiab uas tsim los kuj tseem tsis raug. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yog qhov kev hloov pauv loj. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog piv rau cov txheej txheem tam sim no uas twb muaj lawm, uas tsuas yog ua rau cov nyom.

Julius Caesar
Julius Caesar

Julian daim ntawv qhia hnub

Julius Caesar xav tias lub xyoo tshiab raws li daim ntawv qhia hnub tshiab pib thaum Lub Ib Hlis 1, thiab tsis yog lub Peb Hlis. Txog qhov kawg no, huab tais tau ntxiv 67 hnub rau 46 BC. Vim li no, nws tau kav ntev li 445 hnub! Caesar tshaj tawm nws "xyoo kawg ntawm kev tsis meej pem", tab sis tib neeg tsuas yog hu nws "lub xyoo ntawm kev tsis meej pem" lossis annus tsis meej pem.

Raws li daim ntawv qhia hnub Julian, Xyoo Tshiab pib thaum Lub Ib Hlis 1, 45 BC. Tsuas yog ib xyoos tom qab, Julius Caesar raug tua nyob rau hauv kev koom tes. Nws tus phooj ywg-hauv-caj npab Mark Anthony, txhawm rau txhawm rau hwm lub cim xeeb ntawm tus thawj coj loj, tau hloov lub npe Roman lub hlis ntawm Quintilis rau Julius (Lub Xya Hli). Tom qab, hauv kev hwm ntawm lwm tus huab tais Roman, lub hlis ntawm sextilis tau hloov pauv mus rau Lub Yim Hli.

Gregorian daim ntawv qhia hnub

Sij hawm dhau mus, daim ntawv qhia hnub yuav tsum tau hloov kho dua
Sij hawm dhau mus, daim ntawv qhia hnub yuav tsum tau hloov kho dua

Daim ntawv qhia hnub Julian yeej ib txwm muaj kev hloov pauv tiag tiag hauv keeb kwm ntawm tib neeg kev vam meej. Nws qhov kev tsis txaus pib tshwm rau lub sijhawm. Raws li tau hais los saum no, thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 16th, nws tau ua ntej ntawm lub hnub los yuav luag 11 hnub. Lub Koom Txoos Catholic tau txiav txim siab qhov no yog qhov tsis lees paub qhov sib txawv uas yuav tsum tau kho. Qhov no tau ua tiav hauv 1582. Tom qab ntawd Pope Gregory XIII tau tshaj tawm nws cov nyuj nrov npe Inter gravissimas - txog kev hloov mus rau daim ntawv qhia hnub tshiab. Nws tau hu ua Gregorian.

Daim ntawv qhia hnub Julian tau hloov pauv los ntawm Gregorian daim ntawv qhia hnub
Daim ntawv qhia hnub Julian tau hloov pauv los ntawm Gregorian daim ntawv qhia hnub

Raws li tsab cai no, xyoo 1582, cov neeg nyob hauv Loos tau mus pw thaum lub Kaum Hli 4, thiab sawv ntxov hnub tom ntej - Kaum Hli 15. Suav cov hnub tau hloov 10 hnub ua ntej, thiab hnub tom qab hnub Thursday, Lub Kaum Hli 4, tau hais kom suav nrog hnub Friday, tab sis tsis yog Lub Kaum Hli 5, tab sis Lub Kaum Hli 15. Qhov kev txiav txim ntawm keeb kwm tau tsim, uas qhov equinox thiab lub hli puv tau rov qab los thiab yav tom ntej yuav tsum tsis hloov pauv raws sijhawm.

Qhov sib txawv ntawm Gregorian daim ntawv qhia hnub thiab Julian
Qhov sib txawv ntawm Gregorian daim ntawv qhia hnub thiab Julian

Txoj haujlwm nyuaj tau daws ua tsaug rau txoj haujlwm ntawm tus kws kho mob Italis, kws saib hnub qub thiab kws ua lej Luigi Lillio. Nws hais kom ntuav tawm 3 hnub txhua txhua 400 xyoo. Yog li, hloov ntawm ntau pua hnub dhau los rau txhua 400 xyoo hauv daim ntawv qhia hnub Julian, muaj 97 ntawm lawv nyob hauv Gregorian daim ntawv qhia hnub. Cov xyoo uas tsis muaj neeg nyob (nrog ob tus lej tom kawg) tsis suav nrog cov hnub dhau los, cov lej ntawm ntau pua qhov uas tsis sib npaug los ntawm 4. Cov xyoo ntawd, tshwj xeeb, yog 1700, 1800 thiab 1900.

Daim ntawv qhia hnub tshiab hauv ntau lub tebchaws tau qhia ua ntu zus. Nws tau dhau los ua kev lees paub los ntawm nruab nrab ntawm xyoo pua 20th. Yuav luag txhua tus siv nws. Hauv tebchaws Russia, nws tau tshaj tawm tom qab Kev Tawm Tsam Lub Kaum Hli los ntawm kev txiav txim siab ntawm Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas Tib Neeg Txoj Cai ntawm RSFSR ntawm Lub Ib Hlis 24, 1918. Gregorian daim ntawv qhia hnub tau hu ua "style tshiab", thiab daim ntawv qhia hnub Julian - "style qub".

Kev txiav txim keeb kwm
Kev txiav txim keeb kwm

Yog tias koj txaus siab rau cov ncauj lus no, nyeem peb lwm tsab xov xwm: leej twg tuaj nrog lub sijhawm thiab txiav txim siab pes tsawg feeb hauv ib feeb, thiab pes tsawg teev nyob hauv ib hnub.

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