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Tsib tus kws sau ntawv Lavxias uas dhau los ua Nobel laureates
Tsib tus kws sau ntawv Lavxias uas dhau los ua Nobel laureates

Video: Tsib tus kws sau ntawv Lavxias uas dhau los ua Nobel laureates

Video: Tsib tus kws sau ntawv Lavxias uas dhau los ua Nobel laureates
Video: txiv neej ntshaw tus poj niam zoo li cas? - YouTube 2024, Lub peb hlis ntuj
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Nobel laureates hauv ntaub ntawv
Nobel laureates hauv ntaub ntawv

Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 10, 1933, Vaj Ntxwv Gustav V ntawm Sweden tau muab khoom plig Nobel hauv Kev Sau Ntawv rau tus kws sau ntawv Ivan Bunin, uas dhau los ua thawj tus kws sau ntawv Lavxias tau txais qhov khoom plig siab no. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, 21 tus neeg los ntawm Russia thiab USSR tau txais qhov khoom plig, tsim los ntawm tus neeg tsim khoom ntawm dynamite Alfred Bernhard Nobel xyoo 1833, tsib ntawm lawv hauv kev sau ntawv. Muaj tseeb, keeb kwm, Qhov khoom plig Nobel tau ua rau muaj teeb meem loj rau cov kws sau paj huam Lavxias thiab kws sau ntawv.

Ivan Alekseevich Bunin tau tshaj tawm qhov khoom plig Nobel rau cov phooj ywg

Thaum lub Kaum Ob Hlis 1933, Paris xovxwm sau: "", "". Cov neeg tsiv teb tsaws chaw Lavxias tau qhuas. Hauv tebchaws Russia, txawm li cas los xij, xov xwm hais tias ib tus neeg tsiv teb tsaws chaw Lavxias tau txais khoom plig Nobel tau ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam loj heev. Tom qab tag nrho, Bunin tsis pom qhov xwm txheej ntawm 1917 thiab tau tsiv mus rau Fabkis. Ivan Alekseevich nws tus kheej tau npau taws heev los ntawm kev tsiv teb tsaws chaw, tau mob siab rau txoj hmoo ntawm nws lub tebchaws uas tau tso tseg thiab thaum Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob tau tsis lees paub txhua qhov kev sib cuag nrog Nazis, tau tsiv mus rau Alpes-Maritimes xyoo 1939, los ntawm qhov uas nws rov qab mus rau Paris nkaus xwb. hauv xyoo 1945.

Bunin Ivan Alekseevich, tus kws kho mob. 1901 xyoo
Bunin Ivan Alekseevich, tus kws kho mob. 1901 xyoo

Nws tau paub tias Nobel laureates muaj txoj cai los txiav txim rau lawv tus kheej yuav siv nyiaj li cas lawv tau txais. Ib tus neeg nqis peev hauv kev txhim kho kev tshawb fawb, ib tus neeg hauv kev siab hlub, ib tus neeg hauv lawv tus kheej kev lag luam. Bunin, tus neeg muaj tswv yim thiab tsis muaj "kev txawj ntse," muab pov tseg ntawm nws qhov khoom plig, uas yog 170,331 crowns, yog qhov tsis muaj tseeb. Paj huam thiab kws sau paj huam Zinaida Shakhovskaya rov hais dua: "".

Ivan Bunin yog thawj tus neeg tsiv teb tsaws chaw tau luam tawm hauv Russia. Qhov tseeb, thawj qhov kev tshaj tawm ntawm nws cov dab neeg tau tshwm sim nyob rau xyoo 1950, tom qab tus kws sau ntawv tuag. Qee qhov nws cov dab neeg thiab paj huam tau luam tawm hauv nws lub tebchaws tsuas yog xyoo 1990.

Boris Pasternak tsis kam muab khoom plig Nobel

Boris Pasternak tau raug xaiv los ua khoom plig Nobel hauv Kev Sau Ntawv "rau qhov ua tiav tseem ceeb hauv cov paj huam paj huam niaj hnub no, ntxiv rau kev txuas ntxiv ntawm kev coj noj coj ua ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws Lavxias epic tshiab" txhua xyoo txij xyoo 1946 txog 1950. Xyoo 1958, nws tau raug xaiv los ntawm Nobel laureate Albert Camus xyoo tas los, thiab thaum Lub Kaum Hli 23, Pasternak dhau los ua tus kws sau ntawv Lavxias thib ob kom tau txais khoom plig no.

Cov kws sau ntawv ib puag ncig hauv tus kws sau paj huam lub tebchaws tau coj cov xov xwm no tsis zoo thiab thaum Lub Kaum Hli 27 Pasternak tau raug tshem tawm los ntawm USSR Writers 'Union, tib lub sijhawm xa daim ntawv thov kom tsis pub Pasternak ntawm kev ua pej xeem Soviet. Hauv USSR, kev tau txais Pasternak khoom plig tau cuam tshuam nrog nws cov kws kho mob tshiab Zhivago nkaus xwb. Cov ntawv xov xwm sau tau sau:.

Boris Leonidovich Pasternak
Boris Leonidovich Pasternak

Kev tawm tsam loj tshaj tawm tsam Pasternak yuam nws kom tsis kam lees qhov khoom plig Nobel. Tus kws sau paj huam tau xa xov tooj mus rau Swedish Academy, uas nws tau sau: "".

Nws tsim nyog sau cia tias hauv USSR txog xyoo 1989, txawm tias nyob hauv tsev kawm ntawv cov ntaub ntawv rau kev sau ntawv, tsis tau hais txog Pasternak txoj haujlwm. Thawj tus thawj coj Eldar Ryazanov txiav txim siab los qhia rau cov neeg Soviet txog kev muaj tswv yim ua haujlwm ntawm Pasternak. Hauv nws qhov kev tso dag "Irony of Fate, lossis Txaus Siab Rau Koj Lub Da Dej!" (1976) nws suav nrog cov paj huam "Tsis muaj leej twg yuav nyob hauv tsev", hloov nws mus rau hauv kev hlub hauv nroog, ua los ntawm bard Sergei Nikitin. Tom qab Ryazanov suav nrog nws zaj yeeb yaj kiab "Chaw Ua Haujlwm Romance" ib qho kev hais tawm los ntawm lwm zaj paj huam los ntawm Pasternak - "Kev hlub lwm tus yog kev hla hnyav …" (1931). Muaj tseeb, nws tau hnov hauv cov ntsiab lus tsis txaus ntseeg. Tab sis nws tsim nyog sau cia tias thaum lub sijhawm ntawd hais txog Pasternak cov paj huam yog ib qib siab heev.

Mikhail Sholokhov, tau txais khoom plig Nobel, tsis tau nyo hau rau huab tais

Mikhail Aleksandrovich Sholokhov tau txais khoom plig Nobel hauv Kev Sau Ntawv xyoo 1965 rau nws qhov tshiab Quiet Flows the Don thiab poob qis hauv keeb kwm raws li tus kws sau ntawv Soviet nkaus xwb kom tau txais qhov khoom plig no nrog kev pom zoo los ntawm Soviet kev coj noj coj ua. Tus neeg tau txais daim ntawv pov thawj kawm tiav hais tias "hauv kev lees paub txog kev kos duab zoo thiab ua siab ncaj uas nws tau qhia hauv nws Don epic txog keeb kwm ntawm lub neej ntawm cov neeg Lavxias."

Mikhail Alexandrovich Sholokhov
Mikhail Alexandrovich Sholokhov

Gustav Adolph VI, uas tau muab khoom plig rau tus kws sau ntawv Soviet, hu nws "ib tus kws sau ntawv zoo tshaj plaws ntawm peb lub sijhawm." Sholokhov tsis nyo rau vaj ntxwv, raws li txoj cai ntawm kev coj noj coj ua tau teev tseg. Qee qhov chaw hais tias nws tau ua nws lub hom phiaj nrog cov lus:

Cov duab puab tooj liab ntawm cov kws sau dab neeg ntawm Mikhail Sholokhov zaj dab neeg The Quiet Don ntawm tus pas dej hauv lub zos Veshenskaya
Cov duab puab tooj liab ntawm cov kws sau dab neeg ntawm Mikhail Sholokhov zaj dab neeg The Quiet Don ntawm tus pas dej hauv lub zos Veshenskaya

Alexander Solzhenitsyn raug rho tawm ntawm kev ua pej xeem Soviet vim yog khoom plig Nobel

Alexander Isaevich Solzhenitsyn, tus thawj coj ntawm lub suab tshawb nrhiav roj teeb, uas tau nce mus rau qib ntawm tus thawj coj thaum lub sijhawm ua rog thiab tau txais ob daim ntawv xaj tub rog, xyoo 1945 tau raug ntes los ntawm cov kab hauv ntej rau kev tawm tsam rau kev tawm tsam Soviet. Qhov kev txiav txim yog 8 xyoo nyob rau hauv cov chaw pw hav zoov thiab lub neej nyob rau hauv exile. Nws tau mus hla ib lub chaw pw hav zoov tshiab hauv Yeluxalees ze Moscow, Marfinskaya "sharashka" thiab Chaw Tshwj Xeeb Ekibastuz hauv Kazakhstan. Xyoo 1956, Solzhenitsyn tau rov kho dua, thiab txij li xyoo 1964, Alexander Solzhenitsyn mob siab rau nws rau ntawv. Tib lub sijhawm nws ua haujlwm 4 txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb ib zaug: "Gulag Archipelago", "Cancer Ward", "The Red Wheel" thiab "First Circle". Hauv USSR xyoo 1964 zaj dab neeg "Ib Hnub Hauv Ivan Denisovich" tau luam tawm, thiab xyoo 1966 zaj dab neeg "Zakhar-Kalita" tau luam tawm.

Alexander Isaevich Solzhenitsyn. Ua 1953g
Alexander Isaevich Solzhenitsyn. Ua 1953g

Thaum Lub Kaum Hli 8, 1970, Solzhenitsyn tau txais khoom plig Nobel "rau kev coj ncaj ncees, ua raws li kev coj noj coj ua ntawm Lavxias cov ntawv zoo." Qhov no yog qhov laj thawj rau kev tsim txom Solzhenitsin hauv USSR. Xyoo 1971, tag nrho cov neeg sau cov ntawv sau tau raug txeeb, thiab hauv 2 xyoos tom ntej no nws cov ntawv tshaj tawm raug rhuav tshem. Xyoo 1974, Tsab Cai ntawm Pawg Thawj Tswj Hwm ntawm Tsoom Fwv Tebchaws Soviet ntawm USSR tau tshaj tawm, raws li Alexander Solzhenitsin raug rho tawm ntawm kev ua pej xeem Soviet thiab raug xa tawm los ntawm USSR rau kev ua haujlwm zoo ntawm kev ua tsis sib haum nrog rau kev ua pej xeem ntawm USSR thiab ua kom puas tsuaj. lub USSR.

Alexander Solzhenitsyn hauv nws chaw ua haujlwm
Alexander Solzhenitsyn hauv nws chaw ua haujlwm

Lawv tau rov qab ua neeg xam xaj rau tus kws sau ntawv tsuas yog xyoo 1990, thiab xyoo 1994 nws tau rov qab los rau Russia nrog nws tsev neeg thiab tau koom nrog hauv zej zog lub neej.

Nobel laureate Joseph Brodsky hauv Russia tau raug txim ntawm kev kis kab mob

Joseph Alexandrovich Brodsky pib sau paj huam thaum muaj hnub nyoog 16 xyoo. Anna Akhmatova kwv yees lub neej nyuaj rau nws thiab kev muaj tswv yim zoo muaj hmoo. Xyoo 1964, hauv Leningrad, ib rooj plaub raug foob tawm tsam tus kws sau paj huam vim raug tus kab mob parasitism. Nws tau raug ntes thiab raug xa tawm mus nyob rau thaj tsam Arkhangelsk, qhov uas nws siv sijhawm ib xyoos.

Iofis Brodsky raug ntiab tawm
Iofis Brodsky raug ntiab tawm

Xyoo 1972, Brodsky tig mus rau Secretary General Brezhnev nrog kev thov ua haujlwm hauv nws lub tebchaws ua tus txhais lus, tab sis nws qhov kev thov tseem tsis tau teb, thiab nws raug yuam kom khiav tawm. Brodsky thawj zaug nyob hauv Vienna, London, thiab tom qab ntawd tsiv mus rau Tebchaws Meskas, qhov uas nws dhau los ua xibfwb qhia ntawv hauv New York, Michigan thiab lwm lub tsev kawm qib siab hauv tebchaws.

Iofis Brodsky: 3 Lab tus kiv cua tos koj rau Webtalk! Kev nthuav qhia ntawm Nobel nqi zog
Iofis Brodsky: 3 Lab tus kiv cua tos koj rau Webtalk! Kev nthuav qhia ntawm Nobel nqi zog

Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 10, 1987 Joseph Brosky tau txais khoom plig Nobel hauv Kev Sau Ntawv "rau kev muaj tswv yim zoo txhua yam, ua kom pom meej ntawm kev xav thiab mob siab rau paj huam." Nws yuav tsum tau hais tias Brodsky, tom qab Vladimir Nabokov, yog tus kws sau ntawv Lavxias thib ob uas sau ua lus Askiv zoo li nws hom lus.

Qhov tseeb nthuavCov neeg nto moo xws li Mahatma Gandhi, Winston Churchill, Adolf Hitler, Joseph Stalin, Benito Mussolini, Franklin Roosevelt, Nicholas Roerich thiab Leo Tolstoy tau raug xaiv tsa rau Nobel nqi zog ntawm ntau lub sijhawm, tab sis lawv yeej tsis tau txais nws.

Cov neeg nyiam nyeem ntawv yeej yuav txaus siab rau El libro que no puede esperar - ib phau ntawv uas tau sau rau hauv tus lej ploj.

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