Asya ntau lub ntsej muag: 6 tus kheej ntiag tug ntawm Anastasia Tsvetaeva nthuav tawm tus yam ntxwv ntawm tus kws sau paj huam tus yam ntxwv thiab qhov xwm txheej ntawm txoj hmoo

2024 Tus sau: Richard Flannagan | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 00:06

Anastasia Tsvetaeva tsis yog tus muam ntawm tus kws sau paj huam nto moo. Nws lub neej ntev - nws tau tag sim neej nyob rau 98 xyoo - tuaj yeem raug hu ua piv txwv ntawm keeb kwm keeb kwm ntawm lub tebchaws xyoo pua 20th. "Ntau tus ntsej muag Asya", zoo li Alexander Kovaldzhi hu nws, tau ntsib los ntawm ntau qhov xwm txheej tseem ceeb ntawm cov xyoo ntawd - kev hloov pauv, kev ua tsov rog hauv ntiaj teb, kev tsim thiab tsis tawg ntawm USSR, Stalinist kev tsim txom … Thoob plaws hauv nws lub neej, nws nqa kev hlub ntawm kev ua haujlwm, dhau los ua tus sau ntau phau ntawv, tus kws qhia ntawv ntawm cov kws sau ntawv hluas. qhia tus xeeb ntxwv thiab xeeb ntxwv. Nws ntau xyoo ntawm kev ua haujlwm los khaws nws tus viv ncaus cov cuab yeej cuab tam pab tsim Moscow Tsev-Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Marina Tsvetaeva.

Kev nthuav qhia "Asya Ntau Lub ntsej muag: Tus Kheej, Txoj Hmoo thiab Kev Tsim Yeeb Yam ntawm Anastasia Tsvetaeva", uas tau qhib hauv Tsev-Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Marina Tsvetaeva, tau teem sijhawm ua ke nrog 125 xyoos ntawm kev yug ntawm Anastasia Ivanovna thiab npog txhua theem ntawm nws lub neej. Txog ntau qhov khoom pov thawj nthuav tawm ntawm kev nthuav tawm - hauv cov khoom ntawm MOSGORTUR.

Phau ntawv los ntawm Ivan Tsvetaev nrog sau los ntawm Anastasia Ivanovna

Leej txiv ntawm Marina thiab Anastasia, tus kws tshaj lij kos duab Ivan Vladimirovich Tsvetaev, tau yug los rau hauv tsev neeg txom nyem ntawm tus pov thawj nyob deb nroog thiab txij thaum yau tau raug coj los paub. Thaum muaj hnub nyoog 29 xyoos, nws tau los ua xibfwb qhia ntawv hauv Moscow University. Nyob ntawd nws tsis tsuas yog qhia, tab sis kuj yog tus saib xyuas lub tsev khaws puav pheej me me, uas khaws cov duab puab qub - Ivan Vladimirovich xav tias nws cov tub ntxhais kawm xav tau kev paub pom ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas tau kawm. Tsvetaev ntseeg tias txhua tus neeg yuav tsum muaj lub sijhawm los koom nrog kev coj noj coj ua ntawm tib neeg thiab ua npau suav ntawm tsim lub tsev khaws khoom loj ntawm kev ua yeeb yam zoo.

Kev ua haujlwm mus sij hawm ntev tau coj mus rau qhov ua tiav ntawm kev npau suav zoo. Xyoo 1912, nrog kev pab ntawm Nicholas II, Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Kev Kos Duab uas muaj npe tom qab huab tais Alexander III tau qhib hauv Moscow. Cov peev nyiaj hauv tsev khaws khoom tau rov ua tsaug rau cov neeg txhawb nqa: ib tus neeg tau pub nyiaj ntau, thiab qee tus neeg tau pub khoom plig khoom ntiag tug rau lub tsev khaws puav pheej. "Peb tus kwv yau," - yog li ntawd yog lub tswv yim ntawm nws txiv Marina Tsvetaeva. Tsev khaws puav pheej ua haujlwm txog niaj hnub no, tab sis tau paub los ntawm lwm lub npe - State Museum of Fine Arts muaj npe tom qab AS Pushkin. tsim lub tsev cia puav pheej. Daim ntawv no yog los ntawm Anastasia Tsvetaeva tus kheej. Phau ntawv tau rov nyeem dua los ntawm tus kws sau ntawv ntau zaus - twb yog hnub nyoog qub, rov kawm dua cov nplooj ntawv uas tau dhau los ua neeg ib txwm, nws tau sau tseg txog dab tsi ntawm nws txiv txoj kev thov ua twb tau ua tiav lawm, thiab dab tsi tseem yuav tsum tau paub.

Skates

Kev ntaus pob ncaws pob tseem ceeb "mob siab rau" ntawm Anastasia Tsvetaeva yog skating. Hnub Sunday, Asya thiab Marina nyiam tawm mus thiab caij tsheb hauv nroog. Feem ntau lawv tau mus ntsib Patriarch's Ponds. Ib ntawm Hnub Sunday taug kev tau dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv lub neej Anastasia Ivanovna.

Ntawm qhov rink, Kaum-xyoo-laus Asya tau ntsib nws thawj zaug kev hlub-Boris Trukhachev. Lawv tau sib yuav thiab lawv tus tub Andrei tau yug los, tab sis tsev neeg zoo siab tau nyob ntev - xyoo 1914 txoj kev sib yuav tau tawg. Ua ke lawv nyob tau ob xyoos xwb.

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Marina Tsvetaeva mob siab rau paj huam "Skaters" rau Ace thiab Boris:

Los ntawm txoj kev, Anastasia Ivanovna tsis tso nws txoj kev nyiam txawm nyob hauv lub hnub nyoog laus - txawm tias thaum muaj yim caum xyoo nws feem ntau skated ntawm nws tus yawg suab yawg suab yawg.

Phau ntawv los ntawm Anastasia Tsvetaeva "Royal Reflections"

Anastasia Tsvetaeva cov hluas dhau los ua ib puag ncig los ntawm cov kws sau paj huam zoo. Ntxiv rau Marina, cov no yog Maximilian Voloshin, Boris Pasternak, thiab lwm yam. Asya nws tus kheej hauv nws txoj haujlwm muab kev nyiam rau kev hais lus. Nws txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb yog phau ntawv Loj Memoirs, luam tawm xyoo 1970. Nws sau paj huam tsis tshua muaj neeg - hauv nws lub neej tag nrho, tsuas muaj ib phau ntawv paj huam tau luam tawm, uas hu ua "Kuv phau ntawv sau xwb".

Hnub Nyoog Nyiaj Txiag tau dhau los ua lub sijhawm rov tsim dua tshiab tsis yog rau paj huam xwb, tab sis kuj yog rau kev xav txog Lavxias. Kev ua haujlwm ntawm Lev Shestov, Nikolai Berdyaev, Vasily Rozanov nyob hauv lub siab ntawm cov neeg txawj ntse ntawm lub sijhawm xyoo 19th - thaum ntxov xyoo pua 20th. Anastasia Tsvetaeva kuj tau ntsib lawv qhov kev cuam tshuam loj heev. Xyoo 1914, nws tau luam tawm nws phau ntawv thawj zaug, Royal Reflections, nyob rau hauv uas nws tau siv cov txheej txheem thiab cov tswv yim los daws qhov tsis muaj Vajtswv.

"Nws puas muaj peev xwm hais tias Vajtswv, tsim noob neej, tsis tuaj yeem tsim nws rau lwm qhov chaw nyob dua li lub pob nyob nruab nrab ntawm qhov tsis muaj dab tsi, uas, ntxiv rau, tseem ya? Yuav ua li cas absurdity! " - Tsvetaeva sau. Hauv cov ntawv ntawm kev ua haujlwm, Asya hais txog tus phab ej tsis zoo los ntawm cov dab neeg tshiab uas nws nyiam sau Fyodor Dostoevsky: Ivan Karamazov, Alexei Kirillov, Nikolai Stavrogin. Nws yog cov cim no uas tus kws sau ntawv nyiam thaum nws tseem hluas. Vasily Rozanov, nrog tus neeg uas nws tau muaj kev sib tham zoo, tom qab nyeem nws txoj haujlwm, sau rau Anastasia Ivanovna: "Yog, koj yuav xaus rau hauv lub tsev teev ntuj … Tam sim no kuv paub qhov no kiag li - los ntawm kev mob siab rau uas koj tsis lees paub Vajtswv. " Peb tuaj yeem hais tias qhov no "los yav tom ntej" ntawm tus kws tshawb fawb Lavxias tau dhau los ua qhov tseeb.

Phau ntawv nrog kev thov Vajtswv

Anastasia Ivanovna txoj kev ntseeg kev ntseeg tau tig rov qab los ntawm kev sib tham nrog kws sau paj huam, kws paub txuj ci thiab paub tsis meej Boris Zubakin. Tus tub hluas no tau kawm los ntawm tsev neeg Scottish ntawm Edward, ntau tus neeg yog tswv cuab ntawm Masonic lodge. Cov ntseeg kev ntseeg yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm nws lub neej rau nws - lawv hais tias nws tuaj yeem siv sijhawm ib hnub los thov Vajtswv. Zubakin tham nrog yawg suab Tikhon ntau dua ib zaug.

Boris Zubakin thiab Anastasia Tsvetaeva tham ntau txog Vajtswv, txog Orthodoxy. Tus kws sau ntawv mloog zoo rau nws cov lus qhuab qhia ntau ntxiv txog kev ntseeg thiab mob siab rau sau txhua tus ntawm lawv. Nyob rau hauv kev cuam tshuam ntawm Zubakin, Asya pib coj kev ua neej nyob ascetic - nws tsis noj nqaij, haus cawv, haus luam yeeb, thiab nkag mus hauv kev sib raug zoo nrog txiv neej. Nws mob siab rau feem ntau ntawm nws lub sijhawm los thov Vajtswv.

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Anastasia Ivanovna hais txog nws txoj hauv kev nyuaj rau kev ntseeg: "Qhov tseeb yog nyob rau xyoo ntawd kuv tau sim pom Vajtswv nrog kuv lub siab, tsis yog kuv lub siab, kuv tau sim nyem nws rau hauv kuv lub siab, tab sis nws tsis haum rau qhov ntawd …" Anastasia Ivanovna sau cov lus thov hauv phau ntawv cais, qhov uas nws cim lub tsev teev ntuj hnub so thiab nco hnub. Ib ntawm lawv tau nthuav tawm ntawm kev nthuav qhia. Nws tau qhib rau Lub Yim Hli 31, qhov tseem ceeb rau Anastasia Ivanovna - hnub tseem ceeb ntawm kev tuag ntawm Marina Tsvetaeva, uas ua ke nrog pawg ntseeg hnub nco txog cov neeg tuag ntawm Florus thiab Laurus.

Hnab ev ntawv

Tshooj lus tsis zoo 58th ntawm USSR Criminal Code tsis dhau los ntawm ntau tus neeg sawv cev ntawm Tsvetaev tsev neeg. Anastasia Ivanovna tsis muaj qhov tshwj xeeb.

Nws thawj zaug raug ntes nyob rau lub Plaub Hlis 1933. Tom qab ntawd tus kws sau ntawv tau tshawb fawb txog 64 hnub, thiab tsuas yog kev thov ntawm Maxim Gorky, tus phooj ywg ze ntawm Anastasia Ivanovna, cuam tshuam nws tso tawm. Qhov kev raug kaw zaum ob tau tshwm sim rau lub Cuaj Hli 1937, thaum nws nyob hauv Tarusa. Andrei, tus tub ntawm Anastasia Ivanovna, uas tau mus ntsib nws nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd, tseem raug ntes. Qhov laj thawj rau lawv raug kaw yog tus kws sau ntawv paub nrog Boris Zubakin, uas yog tus tswv cuab ntawm Masonic koom haum "Order of the Rosicrucians". Thaum tshawb nrhiav, NKVD cov tub ceev xwm tau khaws cov ntawv sau ntawm cov haujlwm uas muaj nyob hauv ib daim ntawv theej.

Anastasia Ivanovna raug liam tias "tawm tsam kev tawm tsam" thiab raug txim mus rau kaum xyoo hauv chaw ua haujlwm. Thaum nws nyob hauv tsev lojcuj, Marina tau tua tus kheej thaum xyoo 1941. Tab sis Asya tau kawm txog txoj hmoo ntawm nws tus muam tsuas yog ob xyoos tom qab. Xyoo 1947, nws txoj kev rau txim tau xaus, tab sis nws lub neej dawb tsis nyob ntev - tsis ntev qhov kev raug ntes ntawm "rov ua dua" tau pib, ntawm tus twg yog Anastasia Ivanovna. Tus kws sau ntawv raug xa mus rau kev ntiab tawm hauv Novosibirsk lub zos Pikhtovka. 5 xyoos tom qab, tom qab Stalin txoj kev tuag, nws tau raug tso tawm mus ib txhis, thiab xyoo 1959 nws tau raug kho kom zoo tag nrho vim tsis muaj lub cev tuag.

Lub thawv rau khaub ncaws, uas "Tsvetaeva" tau txua nrog tus ntsia thawv ntse, yog Anastasia Ivanovna tus khub tas li thaum nws nyob hauv chaw pw hav zoov.

Xuas tes ua nuv

Txawm tias muaj hnub nyoog cuaj caum, nws tseem ua haujlwm ntxiv - nws sau thiab thaij duab, sib tham thiab pab tib neeg. Txog thaum kawg ntawm nws lub neej, Anastasia Ivanovna tsis tso tseg mus tom ntej - ob qho tib si lus thiab piv txwv. Asya tsis nyiam nqa. Nws nyiam txhua lub sijhawm, nrog kev so me ntsis ntawm tus ntaiv, nce mus rau cuaj, thiab txawm tias mus rau qib kaum ib. Anastasia Ivanovna hais tias: "Tus ntaiv yog lub neej." Nws tau nqes thiab nce tus neeg nce ntaiv yuav luag khiav, yuam kom Muscovites xav tsis thoob saib rov qab ntawm tus poj niam laus zog.

Lub cim ntawm Anastasia Tsvetaeva ascetic thiab qhov tsis txaus ntseeg tuaj yeem suav tias yog nws tus pas, uas tau nthuav tawm ntawm kev nthuav tawm - nws tau txiav los ntawm tsob ntoo los ntawm tus kws sau nws tus kheej. Raws li nws tus ntxhais xeeb ntxwv Olga Trukhacheva hais tias, Asya muaj ntau tus pas nrig, tab sis nws yeej tsis tso siab rau lawv. Anastasia Ivanovna siv tus pas sib txawv - nws dai lub hnab hnyav nrog khoom noj khoom haus ntawm nws thaum nws mus rau tom khw.

Cov no thiab lwm yam khoom tuaj yeem pom ntawm kev nthuav tawm "Ntau Lub ntsej muag ntawm Asya", uas muaj nyob ntawm Tsev-Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Marina Tsvetaeva txog Lub Kaum Hli 13.

Thiab ntawm no yog zaj dab neeg Anastasia Tsvetaeva nws tus kheej qhia txog leej twg nws mob siab rau nws cov paj huam "Kuv nyiam qhov uas koj tsis mob nrog kuv …" Marina Tsvetaeva.