Cov txheej txheem:

Cov ntaub ntawv sau tsis zoo tshaj plaws, hauv qhov tseeb uas yuav luag txhua tus ntseeg
Cov ntaub ntawv sau tsis zoo tshaj plaws, hauv qhov tseeb uas yuav luag txhua tus ntseeg

Video: Cov ntaub ntawv sau tsis zoo tshaj plaws, hauv qhov tseeb uas yuav luag txhua tus ntseeg

Video: Cov ntaub ntawv sau tsis zoo tshaj plaws, hauv qhov tseeb uas yuav luag txhua tus ntseeg
Video: (02) March 27, 2023 End Of Nyiaj Npis Ua Caub Fab 1977 - YouTube 2024, Lub peb hlis ntuj
Anonim
William Shakespeare thiab kev zam txim ntawm nws cov ntawv sau
William Shakespeare thiab kev zam txim ntawm nws cov ntawv sau

Raws li txoj cai, thaum tawm los ntawm nplooj ntawv ntawm keeb kwm kev ua haujlwm, cov neeg ib txwm siv los ntseeg qhov uas tau sau tseg. Tab sis keeb kwm paub ntau kis thaum lawv tig los ua neeg cuav. Qhov kev tshuaj xyuas no muaj cov paub tsis tseeb, hauv qhov tseeb uas ntau lab tus tib neeg ntseeg.

Veno Konstantinovo cheeb tsam

Constantine Kuv coj tus nees los ntawm tus hneev taw, uas zaum Pope Sylvester I. Fresco ntawm Chapel ntawm San Silvestro, txog 1247
Constantine Kuv coj tus nees los ntawm tus hneev taw, uas zaum Pope Sylvester I. Fresco ntawm Chapel ntawm San Silvestro, txog 1247

Hauv kev siv zog txhawm rau txhawb lawv lub zog thoob plaws Tebchaws Europe hauv Nrab Hnub nyoog, cov neeg saib xyuas Catholic tau nthuav tawm cov ntaub ntawv qub hu ua Veno Konstantinovo (lossis Khoom Plig ntawm Constantinov) rau pej xeem. Raws li nws, Emperor Constantine tau pub thaj av thiab lub zog hla Roman faj tim teb chaws rau Pope Sylvester I.

Cov ntawv pov thawj tau hais xim zoo tias Constantine tau mob nrog mob ruas, thiab tsuas yog kev cai raus dej thiab hloov dua siab tshiab rau cov ntseeg Vajtswv ua rau nws kho tau tus kabmob zoo. Hauv kev ris txiaj rau qhov no, tus huab tais txawm xav tshem nws lub crown thiab muab txoj cai rau Pope, tab sis nws ua siab zoo tsis kam lees, cov ntsiab lus tsuas yog muaj lub meej mom zoo tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb. Txij li XI xyoo pua, nws yog Veno Konstantinovo uas tau dhau los ua ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm tus thawj tswj hwm cov lus thov kom muaj hwj chim tshaj plaws nyob hauv Europe thaum Lub Caij Nyoog Nruab Nrab.

Qhov khoom plig ntawm Constantine yog daim ntawv pov thawj ntawm Emperor Constantine rau Pope Sylvester I
Qhov khoom plig ntawm Constantine yog daim ntawv pov thawj ntawm Emperor Constantine rau Pope Sylvester I

Qhov tseeb ntawm kev dag cov ntaub ntawv tau raug pov thawj los ntawm Italis tib neeg tib neeg Lorenzo de Valla nyob rau ib nrab ntawm ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 15th. Tom qab ntawd, cov pov thawj Loos tau ob peb puas xyoo tau sim lees tias qhov no yog qhov qub, tab sis tom qab ntawd lawv tseem lees tias Veno Konstantinovo yog qhov cuav.

Fake Shakespeare

William Henry Ireland yog kws lij choj Askiv thiab kws sau ntawv paub tias yog tus tsim Shakespeare cov ntawv sau
William Henry Ireland yog kws lij choj Askiv thiab kws sau ntawv paub tias yog tus tsim Shakespeare cov ntawv sau

William Henry Ireland yog tus tub ntawm tus tshaj tawm Samuel Ireland, tus kiv cua Shakespearean mob siab rau. Xyoo 1794, William, los ntawm nws txoj haujlwm, tau nkag mus rau cov ntaub ntawv qub, nthuav qhia nws txiv nrog tsab ntawv nuj nqis tshwj xeeb, liam tias kos npe los ntawm Shakespeare nws tus kheej. Los ntawm qhov no, tus tshaj tawm tau piav qhia zoo siab.

Ib me ntsis tom qab, William Henry Ireland "pom sai sai" ob peb daim ntawv ntxiv los ntawm txhais tes ntawm tus kws sau paj huam Askiv zoo thiab sau nkauj. Ntawm lawv tau suav tias yog cov ntawv sau ntawm King Lear thiab Hamlet. Cov kws tshaj lij tau lees paub qhov tseeb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, thiab Ireland txiv thiab tus tub tau dhau los ua neeg nyiam nyob hauv London zej zog.

Cov ntawv sau ntawm William Henry Ireland Shakespeare Forgeries
Cov ntawv sau ntawm William Henry Ireland Shakespeare Forgeries

William Henry, ntseeg siab tias tsis muaj leej twg yuav qhia nws qhov cuav, teeb tsa kev sau ua si tag nrho, Vortigern thiab Rowena, uas nws suav nrog Shakespeare. Xyoo 1796, nws yuav tsum tau tshaj tawm ua ntej, tab sis ob hnub ua ntej ntawd, phau ntawv los ntawm Shakespearean Edmond Malone tau luam tawm, uas nws tau ua pov thawj dag ntawm Ireland. Txoj hauj lwm ntawm tus neeg dag no tau xaus.

Sau cov nkauj Balkan

Prosper Mérimée yog tus kws sau ntawv Fab Kis
Prosper Mérimée yog tus kws sau ntawv Fab Kis

Thaum tus kws sau paj huam Fab Kis nyiam Prosper Mérimée txiav txim siab mus rau Balkans los kawm txog lub neej thiab cov dab neeg ntawm cov neeg. Tab sis tsis muaj nyiaj rau kev mus ncig. Yog li ntawd, Merimee txiav txim siab tso thawj zaug sau cov nkauj uas xav tias txhais ua Balkan, muag nws rau tus nqi zoo dua, thiab tom qab ntawd tiag tiag taug kev mus kom ntseeg tau tias txhua yam sau tau raug. Cov sau "Gusli" tau luam tawm xyoo 1827. Kev dag ntxias tau daws los ntawm Victor Hugo thiab Alexander Pushkin, txawm hais tias Prosper Merimee tsis zais qhov tseeb ntau dhau.

Hitler cov ntawv

Qhov teeb meem ntawm phau ntawv xov xwm "Stern" nrog kev tshaj tawm ntawm Hitler cov ntawv cuav
Qhov teeb meem ntawm phau ntawv xov xwm "Stern" nrog kev tshaj tawm ntawm Hitler cov ntawv cuav

Thaum pib xyoo 1980s, thawj qhov kev tshaj tawm ntawm Adolf Hitler cov ntawv sau tau tshwm sim hauv ntawv xov xwm German Stern. Lawv tau raug liam tias pom los ntawm tus kws kos duab Konrad Kuyau ntawm qhov chaw tawg ntawm lub dav hlau tsoo uas tau nyiag thauj cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm GDR mus rau FRG. Cov ntawv xov xwm tau yaum kom yuav cov neeg tsis txaus ntseeg los ntawm tus neeg sau xov xwm Gerd Heidemann, uas tau ua haujlwm hauv cov ntawv xov xwm tau 32 xyoos. Thaum kawg, cov kws kho mob tau them Kuyau 9.3 lab francs.

Ua qauv qhia ntawm Hitler cov ntawv cuav, 1983
Ua qauv qhia ntawm Hitler cov ntawv cuav, 1983

Tom qab thawj qhov kev tshaj tawm ntawm Fuehrer phau ntawv teev npe, kev ncig ntawm Stern tau nce tam sim ntawd los ntawm 300 txhiab daim ntawv. Tsuas yog ib hlis tom qab, tom qab tshawb xyuas ntau dua, nws tau muab tawm tias cov ntawv teev npe raug dag. Graphologists tau teeb tsa tias kev sau ntawv uas cov ntawv tau sau tsis yog ntawm Fuehrer. Ntxiv mus, cov ntawv thiab tus lej tsis tau siv nyob rau thawj ib nrab ntawm xyoo pua 20th. Konrad Kujau thiab Gerd Heidemann, raws li tus ua tiav uas tau txais 1.5 lab francs los ntawm qhov kev pom zoo, raug xa mus rau hauv tsev kaw neeg.

Autobiography ntawm Howard Hughes

Phau ntawv los ntawm Clifford Irving, Phau Ntawv Sau Txog Tus Kheej ntawm Howard Hughes
Phau ntawv los ntawm Clifford Irving, Phau Ntawv Sau Txog Tus Kheej ntawm Howard Hughes

Xyoo 1971, Neeg sau xov xwm Asmeskas thiab kws sau ntawv Clifford Irving tau nqis tes ua qhov pheej hmoo. Nws hais rau McGraw-Hill tias tus neeg muaj nyiaj nplua nuj Howard Hughes tau thov tus kws sau xov xwm los sau nws phau ntawv sau txog tus kheej. Lawv ntseeg nws thiab kos npe rau daim ntawv cog lus ruaj khov rau txoj cai luam tawm cov ntawv sau.

Cov neeg sau xov xwm sib cav Clifford Irving
Cov neeg sau xov xwm sib cav Clifford Irving

Qhov tseeb, Clifford Irving yeej tsis pom Hughes. Nws twv txiaj qhov tseeb tias tus neeg muaj nyiaj muaj hnub nyoog 65 xyoos tau nyob hauv kev tswj hwm tus kheej rau ntau dua 10 xyoo thiab tsis muaj kev sib cuag nrog leej twg. Ntau rau cov neeg sau xov xwm xav tsis thoob, Howard Hughes tau tawm tsam qhov kev tshaj tawm, ntxiv mus, nws tau koom nrog hauv kev sib tham hauv lub suab, uas nws tau qhia tias cov ntawv sau keeb kwm keeb kwm tsis muaj dab tsi los nrog nws, thiab nws tau hnov txog Irving thawj zaug.. Cov neeg sau xov xwm tsis zoo raug xa mus rau hauv tsev loj cuj 2.5 xyoos.

Clifford Irving tsis muaj hmoo, tab sis txoj hmoo ntawm 7 tus neeg nplua nuj dag no tau ua tiav ntau dua.

Pom zoo: