Cov txheej txheem:

Yuav ua li cas Polish Kev Tuav Pov Hwm hauv Kiev, lossis Leej Twg Pab Pilsudski kom nyob hauv tebchaws Ukraine xyoo 1920
Yuav ua li cas Polish Kev Tuav Pov Hwm hauv Kiev, lossis Leej Twg Pab Pilsudski kom nyob hauv tebchaws Ukraine xyoo 1920

Video: Yuav ua li cas Polish Kev Tuav Pov Hwm hauv Kiev, lossis Leej Twg Pab Pilsudski kom nyob hauv tebchaws Ukraine xyoo 1920

Video: Yuav ua li cas Polish Kev Tuav Pov Hwm hauv Kiev, lossis Leej Twg Pab Pilsudski kom nyob hauv tebchaws Ukraine xyoo 1920
Video: Khuv xim tsis tau deev - YouTube 2024, Lub peb hlis ntuj
Anonim
Image
Image

Thaum lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav xyoo 1920, cov tub rog Polish tau ua haujlwm "Kiev" ntawm Russia thaj chaw. Cov tub rog Polish, tawm tsam lub sijhawm tam sim no, kov yeej Red South-Western Front. Thaum Lub Tsib Hlis 6, Cov Tub Rog tau nkag mus hauv Kiev dawb, hla ntawm lub xub pwg ntawm cov tub rog Liab Liab tawm mus rau sab laug Dnieper txhab nyiaj. Thaum Lub Tsib Hlis 9, Pilsudski txhob txwm tshaj tawm ua lub luag haujlwm Polish "Victory Parade", tab sis thaum Lub Rau Hli txhua yam hloov pauv.

Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Zaum Ob

Pilsudski thiab Petliura
Pilsudski thiab Petliura

Tom qab lub caij ntuj no xyoo 1920, Soviet Russia zoo li tau daws nrog txhua tus neeg sib tw tseem ceeb. Txhua qhov kev tawm tsam loj tau yeej, feem ntau ntawm Cov Tiv Thaiv Dawb tau raug rhuav tshem. Tsuas yog cov tub rog Crimean ntawm Wrangel tseem nyob, uas los ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd tsis suav tias yog kev hem thawj loj, qhov tsis tseem ceeb ntawm Petliurists nyob ze Kamenets-Podolsky thiab Kappelites nrog Semyonovites hauv Transbaikalia. Finnish kev sim txeeb Karelia kuj swb lawm. Txhawm rau tshem tawm qhov kev tawm tsam tiv thaiv Bolshevik uas seem, nws txaus los mloog zoo rau cov rog ib zaug thiab tua qhov kub ntxhov ntawm kev tsis txaus ntseeg. Muaj tseeb, kev ua tsov ua rog ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv lub tebchaws tsis tau ua rau tes, tab sis qhov teeb meem no twb muaj feem cuam tshuam txog kev rov kho kom raug cai thiab raug cai tom qab kev ua tsov rog puas tsuaj.

Tus yeeb ncuab

Kev nkag los ntawm Poles mus rau Kiev
Kev nkag los ntawm Poles mus rau Kiev

Tom qab Tebchaws Poland rov qab los nyob rau xyoo 1918, kev tsis sib haum xeeb tau tshwm sim ntawm cov neeg tseem ceeb hauv cheeb tsam hais txog kev rov kho dua tshiab ntawm ciam teb nkaus xwb. Commander-in-Chief Piłsudski tau xav daws qhov teeb meem no ntawm nws tus kheej, thiab hauv nws lub tswv yim, nws yuav tsim nyog los tsim cov koom haum nom tswv ywj pheej ntawm Lavxias lub xeev. Hauv nws cov phiaj xwm rau kev rov txhim kho Tebchaws Poland, nws tau qhia meej meej los ntawm txoj haujlwm ntawm ciam teb thaum lub sijhawm xyoo 1772, thaum cov tub rog nyob rau sab hnub tuaj ntawm thaj tsam ntawm Txoj Cai-Bank Ukraine, nyob ib sab rau Kiev. Sai li sai tau cov koom pheej Polish tau tshaj tawm thaum Lub Kaum Ib Hlis 7, 1918, tsoomfwv ntawm lub tebchaws tau rov qab los tau ua txoj haujlwm tsis ncaj ncees rau Soviet Russia.

Thaum pib xyoo 1919, Tebchaws Poland, muab siab npuab rau RSFSR, lees paub Poland, qhia txog nws txoj kev npaj ua kom muaj kev sib raug zoo nrog lwm tus. Warsaw, ntawm qhov tod tes, tau txiav txim siab tsuas yog nthuav dav thiab koom ua ke nws tus kheej ciam teb. Pilsudski, zoo li ntau lwm tus nom tswv, xav ua kom zoo dua ntawm sab hauv Lavxias tsis meej pem. Lub sijhawm muaj kev kub ntxhov nyob hauv tebchaws Russia ntev dua, thaj tsam loj dua Poland tuaj yeem muaj peev xwm ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj. Pilsudski tsis tau tso tseg lub tswv yim siab tawv ntawm kev tsim ntau lub tebchaws nyob hauv tebchaws Russia ciam teb, uas yuav raug txiav txim los ntawm sab nraud los ntawm Warsaw. Qhov no, hauv nws qhov kev xav tsis zoo, yuav ua rau Poland muaj hwj chim loj, uas tom qab ntawd tuaj yeem hloov pauv Russia nyob sab Europe sab hnub tuaj.

Polish kom zoo dua thiab Ukrainian ntxeev siab

Parade ntawm Khreshchatyk
Parade ntawm Khreshchatyk

Xav txog kev ua tub rog, Pilsudski tau ntsuas kom tos lub sijhawm yooj yim tshaj plaws rau kev tawm tsam sai ntawm nws tus kheej pab tub rog. Poland tau npaj tau zoo rau txoj haujlwm no, tau ua haujlwm nrog cov tub rog muaj zog, muaj tub rog zoo nrog lub nraub qaum ntawm cov tub rog uas paub txog kev ua rog hauv ntiaj teb. Nrog kev txhawb nqa nquag ntawm Entente, tshwj xeeb yog Fab Kis, cov tub rog muaj zog tshaj plaws tau tsim. Cov tub rog Polish tau txais los ntawm cov tswv yim sib koom ua ke ntau dua ib thiab ib nrab txhiab daim phom, txog 3000 lub tshuab rab phom, ntau txhiab phom, ntau pua lub dav hlau, tsheb tiv thaiv, tsheb thauj khoom, khaub ncaws thiab mos txwv. Cov tub ceev xwm Fab Kis tseem tau qhia tub rog Polish. Lawv tau teeb tsa kev tawm tsam tshwj xeeb, ntxiv rau pab tub rog nrog cov pab dawb tshiab, suav nrog los ntawm txawv teb chaws. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, tus naj npawb ntawm cov tub rog koom siab Polish tau coj tuaj rau 700 txhiab tus neeg.

Pilsudski tso siab rau kev ua tsov rog yeej, thaum txhawb nws tus kheej hauv qib "tus thawj coj ntawm lub tebchaws" thiab cuam tshuam nws tus kheej cov neeg los ntawm teeb meem sab hauv. Warsaw tau ntseeg tias txawm tias muaj yeej ntawm Bolsheviks thiab kev ua kom dawb ntawm kev txav mus los, Soviet Russia tau tshwm sim los ntawm cov xwm txheej ntawm kev ua tsov rog hauv zej zog tsis muaj zog thiab ntshav. Yog, thiab nyob tom qab ntawm Cov Tub Rog Liab (Dawb thiab Me Me Russia) cov neeg tawg rog tau tawm tsam. Nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm Ukraine, nws tau npaj los tsim kom muaj kev tiv thaiv lub xeev tsis nyob hauv lub xeev, qhov tseeb, cov ntaub ntawv raw khoom ntxiv thiab muag kev lag luam rau "Greater Poland". Tsoomfwv Ukrainian, vam khom rau Warsaw txoj kev tshav ntuj, yuav tsis muaj peev xwm nyob tau yam tsis muaj kev pab los ntawm nws cov neeg zej zog Polish thiab, los ntawm kev tsim, yuav tawm tsam Soviet Russia. Vassal Petliura tau cog lus rau Pilsudski los tsim pab tub rog tiv thaiv Lavxias loj hauv tebchaws Ukraine. Tebchaws Poland npaj yuav koom nrog Romania thiab Latvia hauv kev ua rog nrog Russia, tab sis qhov kawg tau txiav txim siab los tos-thiab-pom tus cwj pwm.

Captured Kiev thiab Lavxias counteroffensive

Rov qab los, Cov Pem Hauv Ntej tau tawg mus rau tus choj Nikolaev
Rov qab los, Cov Pem Hauv Ntej tau tawg mus rau tus choj Nikolaev

Thaum lub sij hawm ntawm kev tawm tsam Polish, Cov Tub Rog Liab tau qis dua yuav luag txhua yam. Tus naj npawb ntawm Soviet pab tub rog nyob rau hauv Ukraine yog peb zaug tsawg dua piv rau tus ncej. Cov Tub Rog Liab kuj poob ntau tus phom thiab cov tsheb tiv thaiv. Ntxiv nrog rau qhov tseem ceeb, Reds tau qaug zog los ntawm kev tawm tsam tom qab, tab sis kev sib faib ntawm Cov Ncej tsuas yog pab tau.

Thaum lub Plaub Hlis 1920, cov tub rog ntawm kev rov kho lub xeev Polish tau npaj txhij txog kev tawm tsam Soviet txoj haujlwm nyob rau txhua txoj kab ntawm Ukraine ciam teb. Red Army Front tau tawg tam sim ntawd. Nrog thawj zaug tshuab, Soviet cov tub rog pib thim yuav luag tsis muaj kev tawm tsam. Cov koog pov tseg sib nrug deb ntawm ib leeg tau poob kev tswj hwm thiab kev sib txuas lus, xav tau rov qab los ua ke tom qab tshem tawm. Yog li txoj kev yeej ntawm Poland hla kev hla tebchaws Russia.

Raws li kev tsim "Kiev kev ua haujlwm" ntawm Cov Tub Rog Polish, lub hom phiaj ntawm kev ua ntej yog txhawm rau ntes lub nroog thaum lub Tsib Hlis. Qhov tseeb, thaum lub Tsib Hlis 6, thawj faib ntawm cov tub ceev xwm hauv tebchaws Polish nkag mus dawb hauv Kiev ntawm lub tsheb ciav hlau hauv nroog. Reds sab laug yam tsis muaj kev sib ntaus. Cov chav Polish tseem ceeb, nrog kev txhawb nqa ntawm Petliurites, nkag mus rau hauv lub nroog txwv hnub tom ntej. Tsim kom muaj kev tawm tsam sai, Cov Tub Ceev Xwm hla Dnieper tam sim ntawd thiab thaum lub Tsib Hlis 8 twb tau tswj hwm tus choj khov ntawm sab laug. Thaum Lub Tsib Hlis 9, Pilsudski tau tuav txoj kev ua yeeb yam zoo nyob hauv nruab nrab ntawm Kiev, ua tau zoo tuav txoj cai-Bank Ukraine.

Russia tsis tau mus zwm rau, siv txhua feeb rau kev rov zoo thiab pov tseg. Thaum Lub Rau Hli 5, tom qab yeej kev yeej ntawm Belarusian kev ua tsov rog ntawm Tukhachevsky, Budennovists tsoo los ntawm kev tiv thaiv Polish, ua phem rau cov tub rog Polish nrog ib puag ncig hauv Kiev. Txog rau Lub Rau Hli 10, Cov tub rog Polish raug yuam kom tawm hauv lub nroog thiab tawm mus rau sab hnub tuaj nrog kev tawm tsam. Ua kom zoo dua ntawm kev tshem tawm cov tub rog, thaum Lub Rau Hli 12, Knyagnitsky txoj kev faib phom, koom tes nrog kev tsaws ntawm Dnieper flotilla, nkag mus hauv Kiev.

Tam sim no tsis muaj kev sib cav ntawm Russia thiab Poland ntev, yog li koj tuaj yeem kawm keeb kwm ntawm lub tebchaws no nrog kev txaus siab. THIAB nws qhov tsis xws luag, piv txwv li, ib lub zos uas tsuas yog cov ntxhais tau yug los.

Pom zoo: