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"Paj huam hauv Pob Zeb": Dmitrievsky Cathedral hauv Vladimir, uas ua rau tag nrho cov tuam tsev ua ntej nws
"Paj huam hauv Pob Zeb": Dmitrievsky Cathedral hauv Vladimir, uas ua rau tag nrho cov tuam tsev ua ntej nws

Video: "Paj huam hauv Pob Zeb": Dmitrievsky Cathedral hauv Vladimir, uas ua rau tag nrho cov tuam tsev ua ntej nws

Video:
Video: Niam xa me tub mus kawm nthawv # 2. 9/12/2017 - YouTube 2024, Lub peb hlis ntuj
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Dmitrievsky Cathedral hauv Vladimir - paj huam dab neeg hauv pob zeb
Dmitrievsky Cathedral hauv Vladimir - paj huam dab neeg hauv pob zeb

Vim tias muaj ntau yam qauv ntawm cov pob zeb dawb txua npog lub ntsej muag ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj no, nws hu ua "", "", "". Nrog nws cov nplua nuj carved dai kom zoo nkauj, nws ua rau pom kev, tej zaum, txhua lub tuam tsev tau ua ua ntej nws hauv Russia.

Keeb kwm ntawm kev tsim kho lub tsev teev ntuj

Tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm Vladimir-Suzdal thaum lub caij huab tais ntawm Tub Vaj Ntxwv Vladimir Vsevolod Lub Zes Loj tau mus txog qhov kawg ntawm nws lub yeeb koob. "" (VO Klyuchevsky). Thiab tus kheej ntawm lub yeeb koob no yog los ua Dmitrievsky Cathedral.

Tus tub huabtais, uas tau txais lub npe Christian Dmitry ntawm kev cai raus dej, txiav txim siab los tsim lub tsev teev ntuj tshiab hauv kev hwm nws tus neeg saib xyuas Saint Dmitry ntawm Thessaloniki. Kev tsim kho ntawm Dmitrievsky Cathedral tau ua nyob nruab nrab ntawm 1194-1197. Lub tuam tsev tau tsa los ntawm txhais tes ntawm cov kws ua haujlwm zoo tshaj plaws hauv Lavxias; limestone dawb tau siv los ua cov khoom siv rau phab ntsa.

Cov tsev teev ntuj uas tsis tshua muaj neeg tau coj los ntawm lub nroog Byzantine nyob deb ntawm Thessaloniki rau lub tuam tsev uas tau tsa: "" - lub cim qhia txog Demetrius ntawm Thessaloniki, thiab raug tua lub nkoj nyiaj nrog "" - ib feem ntawm cov neeg tuag cov khaub ncaws nrog cov cim ntawm nws cov ntshav.

Icon ntawm St. Dmitry Solunsky, tus kws sau ntawv
Icon ntawm St. Dmitry Solunsky, tus kws sau ntawv

Ua ntej Tsov Rog Kulikovo, cov relics no tau raug coj mus rau Assumption Cathedral ntawm Moscow Kremlin, qhov uas lawv khaws cia rau niaj hnub no, tsuas yog cov ntawv theej nyob hauv Vladimir Cathedral.

Xyoo 1237, lub tuam tsev tau plundered los ntawm Tatar-Mongols, tom qab ntawd nws muaj txoj sia nyob ntau qhov tub sab thiab hluav taws. Tab sis qhov kev puas tsuaj loj tshaj plaws tau ua rau nws nyob rau xyoo 1837-1839, thaum Nicholas I, tau mus xyuas lub tsev teev ntuj thiab pom tias nws mob li cas, tau xaj kom kho sai. Tab sis "", uas tau ua txoj haujlwm no, tsis yog rov tsim dua tshiab, rhuav lub tuam tsev, thiab nws tau pib tawg.

Txij li xyoo 1919, lub tuam tsev tau pauv mus rau thaj chaw muaj cai ntawm Tsev khaws puav pheej Vladimir. Nws cov phab ntsa limestone tau tawg sai, tab sis ntev heev tsis muaj dab tsi ua los cawm lub tuam tsev, kev rov kho dua tuaj yeem ua tiav tsuas yog xyoo 1941, tsuas yog ua ntej tsov rog.

Cov theem tom ntej ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev khaws cia cov phab ntsa pob zeb ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj pib tsuas yog tom qab xyoo 1974. Thiab qhov kev rov kho zaum kawg, raws li qhov uas lub tuam tsev muaj peev xwm rov qab los zoo li qub uas ploj lawm, tau ua tiav lawm nyob rau xyoo 2000s. Cov phab ntsa pob zeb tau npog nrog kev tiv thaiv sib xyaw, cov kua dej tau tsim thiab tsim kom muaj microclimate sab hauv lub tsev teev ntuj tau tsim. Tam sim no Dmitrievsky Cathedral tau suav nrog hauv UNESCO World Heritage Heritage List.

Ntawm no nws yog, Dmitrievsky Cathedral, nyob rau hauv tag nrho nws lub yeeb koob!

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Txij li lub tsev teev ntuj no tau tsim nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm tus tub huabtais lub tsev hais plaub thiab tsuas yog npaj rau tus tub huabtais tsev neeg, nws qhov ntev me me, tab sis kev nplua nuj ntawm nws lub ntsej muag yog qhov txaus siab - nws muaj ntau dua 600 qhov kev daws teeb meem ntawm tsiaj, nroj tsuag, tsiaj dab neeg, thiab cov neeg ntseeg. Ntxiv mus, ntau qhov nyem tau khaws cia hauv lawv daim ntawv qub, tib yam uas tau ploj lawm tau rov qab los.

Lub ntsej muag ntawm lub tuam tsev muaj peb qib. Nyob rau theem qis dua, tsis muaj kev kho kom zoo nkauj, tsuas yog cov nplooj ntoo dai kom zoo nkauj nrog cov duab.

Dmitrievsky Cathedral, xyoo 1911
Dmitrievsky Cathedral, xyoo 1911
Sab hnub poob
Sab hnub poob

Qhov no yog vim qhov tseeb tias ua ntej lub tuam tsev tau puag ncig ntawm peb sab los ntawm cov duab txuas nws nrog lub tsev. Nws xaus rau ob sab nrog yees. Hmoov tsis zoo, cov duab tsis muaj sia nyob, thiab cov phab ntsa tseem nyob du hauv qab.

Qhov nruab nrab qib tau dai kom zoo nkauj nrog txoj siv txoj hlua khi nrog cov khoom zoo nkauj ntawm cov duab carved.

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Qib sab saud, uas muaj lub qhov rais nqaim, tau pom meej nrog cov duab kos.

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Lub nruas tseem tau dai kom zoo nkauj nrog cov pob zeb, uas muaj lub ntsej muag daj nrog lub ntsej muag qhib ntsej muag.

Hla hla saum lub dome (luam)
Hla hla saum lub dome (luam)
Hla (tiag), khaws cia hauv lub tsev teev ntuj
Hla (tiag), khaws cia hauv lub tsev teev ntuj

Kev kho kom zoo nkauj pob zeb dawb ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj muaj ntau lub suab paj nruag uas tau nthuav dav hauv Byzantium, Balkans, thiab thoob plaws Europe. Yog li ntawd, cov kws tshawb fawb xav tias nrog rau tus kws tshaj lij Lavxias tus kws kos duab, cov neeg los ntawm Balkan Peninsula - Bulgarians, Serbs, Dalmatians - kuj tseem ua haujlwm ntawm pob zeb pob zeb.

Txawm li cas los xij, lub tswv yim ntawm cov neeg tsim cov pob zeb zoo nkauj zoo nkauj ntawm Dmitrievsky Cathedral tseem tsis tau kawm tiav, kev txiav txim siab ntawm ntau qhov kev sib xyaw thiab cov phiaj xwm yog qhov kev tsis sib haum xeeb rau ntau tshaj ib tiam ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb.

Qee cov ntsiab lus ntawm carved ornament

Qhov chaw nruab nrab hauv kev tsim lub tsev teev ntuj tau muab rau vaj ntxwv hauv vaj lug kub thiab tus cev Vajtswv lus David. Nws daim duab tuaj yeem pom ntawm peb lub ntsej muag ntawm lub tuam tsev. Qhov zoo ntawm cov duab no zoo heev, pom tseeb, lawv tau ua los ntawm ib qho ntawm cov kws txiav pob zeb zoo tshaj plaws. Thaum xub thawj, cov kws sau keeb kwm ntseeg tias nws yog Khetos, tom qab ntawd lawv tau xaiv ntev ntawm Davi thiab Xalaumoo. Thiab tsuas yog tom qab cov kws tshawb pom pom cov ntawv "DAV Kommersant" nyob ib sab ntawm daim duab no, kev tsis sib haum xeeb txog qhov teeb meem no tau xaus.

King David
King David
King David
King David

Lub ntsej muag yog pom nrog cov duab ntawm cov tsiaj, noog thiab nroj tsuag. Kev nplua nuj ntawm cov nroj tsuag tau siv los tsim cov duab ntawm Lub Vaj Eden.

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Tub txib saum ntuj
Tub txib saum ntuj

Ntau tus tsiaj yog cov cim ntawm lub zog - tsov ntxhuav, eagles, tsov txaij. Raws li kev coj txawv txawv txawv - tsiaj nrog ob lub taub hau, ib nrab dev, ib nrab -noog thiab zoo li - cov duab no tau paub zoo rau peb los ntawm Lavxias teb sab dab neeg thiab dab neeg, yog li lawv tsis ntshai dab tsi, tab sis tsuas yog muab tus yam ntxwv zoo rau carved qauv.

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Tsoom Haiv Neeg Ntseeg thiab Tus Thawj Coj

Ib daim duab tag nrho ntawm cov neeg ntseeg tau muab txua rau ntawm txoj kab nruab nrab-theem txoj kab uas siv lub tsev teev ntuj los ntawm peb sab. Ntawm lawv, thawj tus thawj coj dawb huv-cov neeg tua neeg Boris thiab Gleb raug txheeb xyuas, piav qhia hauv lub kaus mom zoo, hauv lawv txhais tes lawv tuav tus ntoo khaub lig.

Sab qaum teb facade. Hauv nruab nrab yog Tsoom Haiv Neeg Ntseeg Boris thiab Gleb
Sab qaum teb facade. Hauv nruab nrab yog Tsoom Haiv Neeg Ntseeg Boris thiab Gleb

Tag nrho 12 tus tim khawv tau piav qhia ntawm no, "duab" ntawm Peter thiab Paul yog qhov tsis ntseeg - lawv tau kos npe.

Sab qaum teb facade. Cov Thwj Tim Petus (sab xis) thiab Povlauj
Sab qaum teb facade. Cov Thwj Tim Petus (sab xis) thiab Povlauj
Sab qab teb facade. Mounted cov tub rog dawb huv Dmitry Solunsky (nrog ntaj) thiab Procopius
Sab qab teb facade. Mounted cov tub rog dawb huv Dmitry Solunsky (nrog ntaj) thiab Procopius
Sab hnub poob. Nees dawb huv cov tub rog. Txoj cai - George ntawm Cappadocia (Yeej)
Sab hnub poob. Nees dawb huv cov tub rog. Txoj cai - George ntawm Cappadocia (Yeej)

Ob qhov kev sib sau ua ke piav qhia ntawm lub ntsej muag yog qhov nthuav.

Ascension ntawm Alexander lub Great

Alexander lub Great, nce. Sab qab teb facade
Alexander lub Great, nce. Sab qab teb facade

Qhov "thev naus laus zis" ntawm kev nce mus los yog piav raws li hauv qab no. Alexander zaum hauv pob tawb, tuav nws txhais tes, hauv qhov uas nws tuav me me tsov ntxhuav raws li kab nuv ntses. Ob tug griffins, khi rau hauv ib lub tawb, tau rub mus rau kab nuv ntses, thiab vim li no, lub pob tawb thiaj li sawv. Txawm hais tias qhov tseeb tias Alexander the Great tseem yog tus ua ntej ua tus ntseeg, cov phiaj xwm no tau siv ntau zaus hauv Tebchaws Europe nruab nrab.

Vsevolod nrog nws cov tub?

Nyob rau sab qaum teb façade, koj tuaj yeem pom daim duab ntawm ib tug txiv neej zaum nrog menyuam yaus ntawm nws ceg tawv. Cov menyuam yaus nyob ib puag ncig nws ntawm ob sab. Ntau tus kws sau keeb kwm ntseeg tias qhov no tau piav txog Vsevolod nrog nws cov tub. Nws tau muaj menyuam coob leej, yog vim li cas nws thiaj li tau lub npe menyuam yaus zes loj. Tsuas yog nws tsis meej vim li cas Vsevolod tsis muaj hwj txwv nyob ntawm no.

Vsevolod III II
Vsevolod III II
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Txawm li cas los xij, muaj lwm qhov ntxiv, raws li nws tsis yog Vsevolod nrog nws cov tub uas tau piav qhia ntawm no, tab sis phau biblical Joseph nrog nws cov kwv tij.

Hypothesis hais txog xim ntawm cathedrals

Peb txhua tus tau siv los ntseeg tias cov tuam tsev dawb-pob zeb uas tau muaj txoj sia nyob mus txog hnub no yog qhov qub, uas yog, dawb.

Txawm li cas los xij, hauv cov duab ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19, koj tuaj yeem pom cov xim sib txawv rau lub ntsej muag ntawm Dmitrievsky Cathedral - "" thiab "". Cov paj ntaub dawb ntawm qhov tsaus ntuj zoo li qhov no (cov xim no muaj nyob rau xyoo 1847-1883):

Saib los ntawm sab qaum teb sab hnub tuaj. Barshchevsky I. F. Ua 1883g
Saib los ntawm sab qaum teb sab hnub tuaj. Barshchevsky I. F. Ua 1883g

Thiab qhov no yog qhov kev ua kom tsaus ntuj ntawm cov keeb kwm dawb:

Sab qaum teb, sab hnub poob ib nrab, qib siab dua. Korenev V. I. (?) 1883-1897
Sab qaum teb, sab hnub poob ib nrab, qib siab dua. Korenev V. I. (?) 1883-1897
Sab qab teb sab hnub poob, ib nrab hnub, sab saud. Korenev V. I. 1883-1897
Sab qab teb sab hnub poob, ib nrab hnub, sab saud. Korenev V. I. 1883-1897
Vladimir. Dmitrievsky Cathedral los ntawm sab qab teb sab hnub tuaj. Prokudin-Gorsky xyoo 1911
Vladimir. Dmitrievsky Cathedral los ntawm sab qab teb sab hnub tuaj. Prokudin-Gorsky xyoo 1911

Thiab xyoo 2015, hauv Pereslavl-Zalessky, ntawm lub ntsej muag ntawm lub pob zeb dawb Spaso-Preobrazhensky Cathedral, qhov seem ntawm daim duab qub tau pom. Raws li qhov no, cov kws tshawb fawb tau hais tias thaum ub lub tuam tsev no "" ". Nws yog qhov ua tau tias lub ntsej muag ntawm lwm lub tuam tsev dawb-pob zeb hauv lub sijhawm qub kuj tau dai kom zoo nkauj nrog cov duab, thiab qhov kev zoo nkauj zoo li zoo li no:

Assumption thiab Dmitrievsky Cathedrals hauv Vladimir Kremlin thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 12th. Kev kho dua tshiab tau ua tiav los ntawm Mikhail Petrovich Kudryavtsev (1938-1993)
Assumption thiab Dmitrievsky Cathedrals hauv Vladimir Kremlin thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 12th. Kev kho dua tshiab tau ua tiav los ntawm Mikhail Petrovich Kudryavtsev (1938-1993)

Tab sis tom qab Mongol-Tatar ntxeem tau, ntau lub tuam tsev sawv hauv qhov tsis muaj neeg nyob. Russia tau nyob hauv cov neeg txom nyem, thiab txhawm rau kho cov tsev teev ntuj tshiab, lawv tau tsuas yog ntxuav nrog cov kua qaub. Yog li cov duab tau ploj mus. Tab sis qhov no tseem yog ib qho kev xav xwb.

Thiab nyob hauv thaj tsam muaj ib lub tuam tsev uas lub Koom Txoos Orthodox tsis kam fij tseg … Thiab nws, ib yam nkaus, yog qhov txaus siab heev.

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