Cov neeg uas tsis yog Slavic muaj feem ntau "Slavic ntshav"

2024 Tus sau: Richard Flannagan | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 00:06

Thawj qhov pov thawj ntawm pab pawg Slavic hnub rov qab mus rau 1st xyoo pua BC. Cov ntaub ntawv no ntseeg tau, txij li nws tau pom hauv Roman thiab Byzantine cov peev txheej - los ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd cov kev vam meej no twb muaj lawv tus kheej cov lus sau. Kev tshawb fawb tseem tsis tau muab cov lus teb meej qhov twg thiab thaum twg Slavic ethnos tau tshwm sim, tab sis nws tau paub tseeb tias los ntawm V thiab kwv yees mus rau VIII ib puas xyoo. pab pawg neeg ntawm Slavs koom nrog hauv kev hloov chaw loj ntawm cov neeg. Kev tsiv teb tsaws pib los ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Carpathian cheeb tsam, qhov siab tshaj ntawm Dniep er thiab nruab nrab Dnieper, kis mus rau sab hnub poob, sab qab teb thiab sab qaum teb sab hnub tuaj. Cov Slavs tau tso tseg lawv lub cim rau ntawm kev tsim ntawm ethnogenesis ntawm ntau haiv neeg niaj hnub no. Qhov no tau hais tawm hauv kab lis kev cai, lus, keeb kwm keeb kwm yav dhau los thiab npe chaw.

Slavic keeb kwm ntawm niaj hnub Germans

Lub teb chaws Yelemees tsis tsuas yog muaj keeb kwm Slavic keeb kwm, cov xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv ntawm Lusican pawg neeg qub tseem nyob ntawm nws thaj chaw, ua ib feem ntawm thaj av ntawm Saxony thiab Brandenburg (Lusatia cheeb tsam). Cov neeg no, tsis yog neeg Germanized, ua rau cov neeg Slavic ib txwm nyob ib puag ncig, pab txhawb kev txuag lus Lusatian, kev coj noj coj ua ntawm poj koob yawm txwv thiab lub tebchaws tus kheej.

Luzhichians thiab lwm pab pawg Slavic tuaj rau lub tebchaws Yelemes los ntawm thaj chaw ntawm niaj hnub Czech koom pheej, Slovakia thiab yav qab teb Poland. Thaum lub sijhawm muaj kev sib haum xeeb loj ntawm cov neeg, Slavs tau nyob hauv thaj av Polab thiab Pomor, los ntawm qhov chaw uas cov neeg German tau tsiv mus rau sab qab teb. Ntawm no lawv muaj los ntawm pab pawg neeg koom ua ke, txhim kho kev tiv thaiv, tsim cov khoom siv tes ua, tau koom nrog kev ua liaj ua teb thiab kev lag luam.

Lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm Lusatians yog Leipzig, Dresden, Chemnitz thiab Cottbus. Nyob rau sab qaum teb ntawm lawv nyob ua ke pab pawg ntawm Lutichs (Wilts), nyob hauv thaj chaw ib puag ncig ntawm Elbe thiab Oder. Cov koom haum sab hnub poob feem ntau ntawm pab pawg Polabian tau txhawb zog lossis txhawb nqa. Lawv nyob hauv qis dua ntawm Elbe ntawm thaj chaw ntawm niaj hnub Schleswing-Holstein, Lübeck thiab Mecklenburg.

Nyob rau thawj theem ntawm lawv kev nyob ua ke (VI xyoo pua), Slavs thiab Germanic pab pawg tau kwv yees li ntawm tib qib kev txhim kho. Thaum tau tsiv mus rau Gaul thiab sab qaum teb Ltalis, cov neeg German tau nce lawv cov kev coj noj coj ua thiab txuj ci peev txheej. Muaj kev tiv thaiv nyob rau sab qab teb, Cov Neeg German maj mam pib rov qab tswj hwm lawv sab qaum teb Europe.

Los ntawm lub xyoo pua 9th, txawm hais tias muaj cov neeg tseem ceeb hauv feudal, cov Slavs tseem tsis tau tsim lub xeev thiab tseem tau tawg ua pawg, thiab cov neeg German twb yog koom ua ke lawm. Txij li thaum tsim lub xeev ntawm cov neeg German (919), qhov kev kov yeej ntawm Slavs los ntawm cov neeg German pib. Lub sijhawm dhau los, tsis muaj cai tswjfwm kev cai lij choj, pab pawg Slavic tau tawg nyob hauv ib puag ncig German, tabsis tau tso tseg ntau lub npe saum toj saud. Feem ntau ntawm cov nroog German sab hnub tuaj yog keeb kwm Slavic: Lubeck (Lubitsa), Schwerin (Zverin), Görlitz (Gorelets), Tsvetau (Tsvetov), Leipzig (Lipsk), thiab lwm yam.

Qhov kev cuam tshuam ntawm Slavs ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm haiv neeg Hungarians

Cov neeg Hungarians koom nrog Uralic tsev neeg cov lus, lawv cov poj koob yawm txwv - kev ua tsov rog zoo li ib nrab nomadic cov xibhwb tau nyob hauv hav zoov sab hnub tuaj ntawm Urals, nyob rau sab hnub poob Siberian Plain. Hauv 1st txhiab xyoo AD Hungarians tau tsiv mus rau qis dua ntawm Kama, qhov chaw uas lawv tau pom zoo los ntawm kev sib hais haum thiab thaj chaw faus ntawm Kushnarenkovo kab lis kev cai, tom qab ntawd lawv tau tsiv mus rau Hiav Txwv Dub thiab Azov steppes. Nyob rau xyoo pua 7, Slavs koom nrog Imenkov kab lis kev cai twb tau nyob hauv kev cuam tshuam ntawm Kama thiab Samara. Cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm ua tim khawv rau lub sijhawm ntev thiab ze kev sib raug zoo ntawm "Slavs-Imenkovites" thiab cov neeg coj ntawm Kushnarenko kab lis kev cai. Qhov no tuaj yeem raug ntaus nqi los ntawm kev muaj Slavism hauv lus Hungarian.

Cov Hungarians ua lawv txoj kev taug mus ntxiv los ntawm Middle Volga cheeb tsam mus rau Transylvania thiab Pannonia twb tau sib sau ua ke los ntawm Slavic Imenkov kab lis kev cai. Los ntawm Pannonia hauv X-XI ib-paus xyoo, Magyars tau tsiv mus rau thaj av tiaj tus ntawm lawv lub tebchaws tam sim no, nyob qhov twg lub sijhawm ntawd tsuas yog cov neeg Slavic nyob. Txij lub sijhawm ntawd, kev sib xyaw ntawm pawg neeg Hungarian thiab Slavic tau pib. Ntau qhov kev qiv nyiaj Slavic tau muaj sia nyob hauv cov lus Hungarian, tshwj xeeb, ntau yam lus ntawm kev ua liaj ua teb (duav, rake, rye, thiab lwm yam).

Raws li cov kws tshawb fawb, kev muaj nyob ntawm Slavic lub hauv paus ntawm Imenkov kab lis kev cai rau qee yam tau pab Magyars uas tuaj ntawm Asia los yoog raws li European kev vam meej.

Vim li cas cov Balts yuav luag Slavs?

Cov neeg Baltic, thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog Sab Hnub Tuaj (Letto-Lithuanians), yog cov poj koob yawm txwv ntawm Lithuanians thiab Latvians. Tib lub sijhawm, Balts lawv tus kheej tsis yog cov neeg hauv paus txawm ntawm Baltic States, lawv tau tsiv los ntawm sab qab teb thiab thawb lub nroog Finno-Ugrians mus rau sab qaum teb ntawm Latvia niaj hnub no.

Cov Slavs tau muaj kev cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau ethnogenesis ntawm Balts, raws li muaj pov thawj los ntawm ntau cov ntaub ntawv npe saum toj saud.

Lub npe Venta dej, uas ntws hauv tebchaws Lithuania thiab Latvia, los ntawm pawg neeg Slavic ntawm Ventchas (Vyatichi lossis Wends), uas nyob ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv sab qab teb sab hnub tuaj ntawm Baltic. Raws li sau cov ntaub ntawv thaum ntxov, Hiav Txwv Baltic lub sijhawm ntawd tau hu ua Gulf of Venedi. Txhua qhov kev sim nrhiav Baltic keeb kwm ntawm lo lus no tsis ua tiav.

Tus kws hais lus Lithuanian Kazimir Buga tau sib cav tias tsis yog tsuas yog lo lus Venta, tab sis kuj tseem muaj lwm tus ntawv pov thawj ua pov thawj rau kev daws teeb meem ntawm thaj av Letto-Lithuanian los ntawm Slavs thaum lub sijhawm cov neeg tsiv teb tsaws chaw loj (nyob rau tiam thib 5 txog rau tiam 6). Txog 600 lub nroog thiab cov nroog hauv Latvia yog keeb kwm Slavic, ntau dua 1,500 lo lus Latvian muaj cov hauv paus hniav, ua ntej thiab txuas nrog lus Lavxias.

Symbiosis ntawm Slavs thiab Romanians

Romanians yog ib tus neeg Romanesque nyob rau sab qab teb sab hnub tuaj ntawm Europe. Romanian ethnogenesis, tsim los ntawm kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov tib neeg sib txawv, muaj ntau qhov kev xav ntawm keeb kwm thiab ua rau muaj kev sib tham ntau. Raws li txoj cai txoj cai (Dacian) txoj kev xav, lub hauv paus ntawm cov neeg Romanian yog cov pab pawg neeg Dacian (cov neeg nyob hauv Roman xeev Dacia), uas tau dhau los ua Romanization hauv xyoo pua II AD. thiab cov uas tau lees paub cov lus Latin. Cov neeg txhawb nqa ntawm kev xav txog kev tsiv teb tsaws tsis lees paub Dacian txuas ntxiv thiab ntseeg tias Romanian ethnos tau tshwm sim sab qab teb ntawm Danube thiab nyob rau xyoo XII nws cov neeg nqa khoom tau tsiv mus rau Transylvania, qhov uas Hungarians twb nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd.

Txawm hais tias qhov kev xav tsis sib xws, cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov lus qhia feem ntau pom zoo ntawm ib yam - nyob rau theem kawg ntawm ethnogenesis, cov neeg Roman tau dhau los ua tus muaj zog ntawm Slavs, uas tau pib nrog lub sijhawm ntawm kev daws teeb meem zoo ntawm tib neeg nyob rau xyoo 6th -7th xyoo pua. Cov neeg Slavic tau tsiv los ntawm thaj av ntawm yav dhau los Roman Dacia thiab nyob ib sab ntawm Daco-Loos, ib feem sib xyaw nrog lawv. Los ntawm no, kev sib raug zoo ntawm Romanian cov lus, lub suab thiab cov qauv sau ntawv nrog cov lus Slavic tau taug qab. Peb tsis tham txog kev qiv nyiaj ntawm tus kheej, tab sis hais txog tag nrho cov ntsiab lus thematic. Kwv yees li 20% ntawm cov lus Romanian niaj hnub no yog Slavic.

Kev ntxeem tau ntawm Slavs hauv tebchaws Greece

Qhov kev tawm tsam tseem ceeb ntawm Sab Qab Teb Slavs mus rau tim Nkij teb chaws tau pib nyob rau xyoo 6 thiab xaus tom qab kev nkag mus rau lub zwm txwv ntawm Emperor Heraclius. Cov pab pawg Slavic tau nyob thoob plaws tebchaws Greece thiab cov pov txwv. Hauv qee qhov chaw muaj coob leej ntawm lawv uas tom qab keeb kwm cov ntaub ntawv cov av no tau hu ua Slavic.

Kev siv dag zog ntau dhau los tsis hais txog kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv ntawm Hellenes thiab kev tsim Slavic tim Nkij teb chaws, tab sis lub zog muaj zog ntawm cov neeg no ntawm Greek ethnogenesis tsis tuaj yeem tsis lees paub.

Kev tswj hwm Slavic tau xaus rau xyoo X, thaum tim Nkij teb chaws tau rov kov yeej los ntawm Byzantine Empire - cov neeg txawv teb chaws tau sib sau ua ke sai thiab yuav luag tag nrho cov neeg hauv paus txawm. Raws li kev tshawb fawb cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm 2008, tus naj npawb ntawm unassimilated autochthonous Slavs nyob rau tim Nkij teb chaws muaj ntau dua 30 txhiab tus tib neeg.

Tab sis txog tam sim no, coob leej tsis ua tib zoo xav dab tsi Cyril thiab Methodius yeej tau tsim.