Dab tsi 30 Egyptian mummies thiab lwm yam tseem ceeb tshawb pom ntawm lub xyoo caum kawg hais rau cov kws tshawb fawb

2024 Tus sau: Richard Flannagan | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 00:06

Keeb kwm ntawm tib neeg khaws ntau yam zais thiab zais cia. Nws cov kws tshawb fawb ua tsawg kawg ib qho tshwj xeeb thiab qee zaum txawm tias muaj kev xav pom yuav luag txhua xyoo. Hauv qee kis, kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb keeb kwm yuam cov kws tshawb fawb, yog tias tsis rov sau dua tshiab, tom qab ntawd txhawm rau hloov kho qhov tseem ceeb rau phau ntawv keeb kwm ntawm tib neeg kev vam meej. Hauv kab lus no, peb yuav qhia koj txog 5 qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws kev tshawb pom keeb kwm tau ua hauv kaum xyoo dhau los.

Peb caug Egyptian mummies

Thaum pib lub caij nplooj zeeg xyoo 2019, Egyptian Ministry of Antiquities tau tshaj tawm ib qho ntawm kev pom loj tshaj plaws nyob rau ntau pua xyoo. Thaum lub sijhawm khawb av nyob hauv thiab ib puag ncig Luxor los ntawm pab pawg kws tshawb fawb keeb kwm lees paub los ntawm tsoomfwv Egyptian, peb lub kaum lub ntoo ntoo tau pom. Txhua tus ntawm lawv tau pleev xim ci ntsa iab thiab khaws cia zoo kawg nkaus.

Egyptologists, uas tshawb nrhiav pom, pom lub cev tuag hauv hleb uas yog 23 tus txiv neej laus, 5 tus poj niam thiab 2 tus menyuam yaus. Kwv yees li 3 txhiab xyoo - qhov no yog, raws li kev kwv yees kwv yees ntawm cov kws tshaj lij, hnub nyoog peb caug mummies pom hauv Egyptian Luxor. Vim li ntawd, lawv txhua tus nyob hauv lub sijhawm hu ua "Early Kingdom", uas tau txiav txim los ntawm vaj ntxwv los ntawm thawj, Tinis dynasties.

Tam sim no, cov kws tshawb fawb tseem tshawb fawb qhov kev tshawb pom. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov kws tshawb fawb Egypt xav paub cov duab ntawm lub hleb ntawm cov xwm txheej los ntawm Egyptian "Phau Ntawv Tuag", nrog rau cov duab ntawm vajtswv. Cov kws tshawb fawb feem ntau pom zoo tias qee qhov mummies pom yog qhov seem ntawm cov pov thawj Iyiv thaum ub thiab cov txiv plig.

Cov kws tshawb fawb vam tias qhov kev tshawb nrhiav keeb kwm yav dhau los no yuav ua rau pom cov lus nug ntau ntxiv txog cov kev cai dab qhuas thaum ub thiab kev faus neeg Iyiv. Nrog rau cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev faus neeg, nyob ntawm lawv tus kheej li cas, hnub nyoog lossis poj niam txiv neej.

Abstract pob zeb duab los ntawm Indonesia

Thaum lub caij ntuj sov xyoo 2017, hauv ib lub qhov tsua karst ntawm cov kob Sulawesi hauv tebchaws Indonesia, cov kws tshawb fawb tau ntog ib qho pob zeb txawv txawv. Nws siv cov kws tshawb fawb yuav luag 2 xyoos txhawm rau txiav txim siab thiab nkag siab qhov tseem ceeb ntawm qhov piv txwv no "kos duab canvas" ntsuas 4 thiab ib nrab metres.

Thaum pib xyoo 2019, ib pawg kws tshawb fawb kawm kos duab hauv lub qhov tsua Indonesia, tau thov txog 44 txhiab xyoo dhau los nrog cov xim liab tsaus, luam tawm lawv daim ntawv tshaj tawm. Raws li nws, cov neeg thaum ub uas nyob ntawm no nyob rau hnub ntawd tau piav qhia qhov xwm txheej tsis paub - 8 cov tsiaj coj txawv txawv tab tom yos hav zoov rau 6 tsiaj. Thiab lawv qhov txawv txawv nyob hauv qab no: nyob rau hauv cov tsos ntawm cov tsiaj, ob qho tib si tus yam ntxwv ntawm tus txiv neej thiab tsiaj qus yog qhov sib txawv.

Cov kws tshawb fawb, taw qhia rau cov duab no ntawm "therianthropes", sib txuas ua ke tib neeg thiab tsiaj txhu, tuaj txog qhov lus xaus zoo heev. Hauv lawv qhov kev xav, pob zeb pleev xim rau hauv lub qhov tsua ntawm Sulawesi Island yog cov duab qub tshaj plaws ntawm kev paub tsis meej nyob hauv keeb kwm ntawm noob neej - hma. Qhov no ua pov thawj qhov tseeb tias twb yog cov neeg puag thaum ub tuaj yeem xav txog cov tsiaj uas tsis muaj nyob hauv ntuj.

Ib qho ntxiv, tus neeg Indonesian nrhiav pom qhov tsis lees paub txoj kev xav ntawm kev hloov pauv zuj zus ntawm Paleolithic kos duab. Raws li cov pob zeb kos duab nrog cov duab ntawm cov tsiaj thiab tib neeg-ib hom duab piav qhia, pib tshwm tom qab qhov hu ua "35-txhiab-xyoo rov faib dua tshiab". Tseeb tiag, ua ntej pom cov duab pob zeb Indonesian, qhov qub tshaj yog cov duab zoo li 21 txhiab xyoo.

Medieval poj niam tub rog

Rov qab rau xyoo 1889, lub qhov ntxa ntawm ib tus tub rog nruab nrab hauv nruab nrab tau pom nyob ze lub nroog Swedish Birke. Tib neeg lub cev pob txha so ib sab ntawm 2 tus nees thiab riam phom kim heev. Rau ntau tshaj ib puas xyoo, nws tau ntseeg tias qhov seem yog, yog tias tsis yog tus vaj ntxwv (tus thawj coj), tom qab ntawd rau qee tus txiv neej siab zoo. Txog rau xyoo 2017, cov kws tshawb fawb tsis tau tshuaj DNA ntawm "Viking from Birke".

Txoj kev tshawb fawb pom tias lub cev pob txha pom ntau tshaj li ib puas xyoo dhau los yog qhov seem ntawm poj niam. Yog li, cov kws tshawb fawb tau ua pov thawj ntxiv tias nyob hauv Nrab Hnub nyoog hauv pab pawg Scandinavian, cov poj niam qee zaum tawm tsam nrog txiv neej. Txawm li cas los xij, tom qab 2 xyoos, xyoo 2019, pab pawg Polish kws tshawb fawb keeb kwm uas tau ua haujlwm ntawm kev khawb av hauv Scandinavia tau ua qhov kev tshawb pom nrov nrov, ua pov thawj tias cov poj niam tub rog nyob hauv Nrab Hnub nyoog tsis yog qhov tshwj xeeb, tab sis yog ib qho qauv niaj hnub. Thiab tsis tsuas yog ntawm pab pawg neeg Viking.

Cov kws tshawb fawb tau tshawb pom ntau dua 30 qhov kev faus neeg nruab nrab ntawm "Amazons". Qhov kev txaus siab tshaj plaws ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb tau txhawb los ntawm ib ntawm lawv - ntawm cov kob ntawm Langeland hauv Denmark. Ib sab ntawm tus poj niam tseem nyob hauv qhov ntxa muaj kev sib ntaus sib tua, uas, tom qab tshuaj xyuas, tau txheeb pom tias yog riam phom ntawm keeb kwm los ntawm cov cheeb tsam ntawm sab qab teb ntawm Baltic.

Qhov no tau muab lub sijhawm rau cov kws tshawb fawb los xav nrog qib siab ntawm qhov tseeb tias poj niam tub rog uas lawv pom yog tsis txhais tau tias yog Scandinavian. Feem ntau yuav yog, nws yog ib ntawm pab pawg West Slavic uas nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv Baltic - Lyutichi, Udrichi lossis Pomorians.

Qhov kawg ntawm 2019, cov kws tshawb fawb Askiv los ntawm Dandy University (Scotland) tau ua lub khoos phis tawj kho lub ntsej muag ntawm ib tus poj niam nruab nrab cov tub rog ua tub rog, uas nws lub qhov ntxa tau pom nyob hauv tib lub xyoo hauv thaj tsam yav qab teb ntawm Norway. Lub taub hau ntawm "Amazon" tau so ntawm daim ntaub thaiv ntoo, thiab muaj ntau yam riam phom nyob ib sab ntawm qhov seem. Nyob rau sab xub ntiag ntawm pob txha taub hau, cov kws tshawb fawb tau sau tseg qhov caws pliav zoo. Cov kws tshaj lij xav tias nws yog ib qho cim ntawm qhov txhab ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua.

Txhua qhov kev tshawb pom no tau lees paub qhov tseeb ntawm Scandinavian sagas nruab nrab, uas qhia txog ntau tus poj niam tub rog ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd.

Thawj homo sapiens nyob hauv Europe

Raws li qhov kev tshawb nrhiav keeb kwm tsis ntev los no los ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb thaum tshawb pom hauv Morocco, tib neeg hom tsiaj niaj hnub no, homo sapiens, tau muaj nyob hauv ntiaj chaw yam tsawg 350 txhiab xyoo. Tib neeg pib tawm ntawm lawv "menyuam txaj" - Tebchaws Africa, thiab pib kov yeej lwm lub tebchaws sab hnub poob txog 70-55 txhiab xyoo dhau los. Qhov no tau txiav txim siab txog xyoo 2018, thaum cov kws tshawb fawb txheeb xyuas qhov pom ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb keeb kwm ntawm Israeli Mount Carmel - tib neeg lub puab tsaig.

Nws tau sau hnub tim li ntawm 176-194 txhiab xyoo. Tab sis qhov kev tshawb pom ntawm thawj qhov kev sim ntawm kev tawm ntawm homo sapiens los ntawm Africa tsuas yog ib xyoos xwb. Xyoo 2019, siv cov thev naus laus zis niaj hnub no, cov kws tshawb fawb muaj peev xwm tsim kho tau 2 lub pob txha taub hau ntawm cov neeg thaum ub, cov tawg tsis tiav uas tau tshawb pom los ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb keeb kwm hauv Greek qhov tsua ntawm Apidima thaum xyoo 1970s. Ib qho ntawm pob txha taub hau (hu ua Apidima 2), uas nws muaj hnub nyoog 170 txhiab xyoo, yog "cov neeg nyob ib puag ncig" ntawm cov tebchaws nyob sab Europe - Neanderthal.

Qhov kev nkag siab tiag tiag tau tsim los ntawm kev rov tsim dua lub taub hau ntawm Apidima 1. Cov kev tshawb fawb tau qhia tias nws lub hnub nyoog tsis tsawg dua 210 txhiab xyoo. Thiab qhov tseem ceeb tshaj, pob txha taub hau no yog "Homo sapiens." Nws ua raws los ntawm qhov no thawj qhov kev sim ntawm homo sapiens los khom hauv ntiaj chaw pib ntau dua 200 txhiab xyoo dhau los.

Thiab txawm hais tias lawv tsis ua tiav (tom qab ntawd, tsuas yog Neanderthals nyob hauv Apidim qhov tsua), tom qab 150 txhiab xyoo tsis muaj dab tsi tuaj yeem txwv tsis pub lub ntiaj teb nthuav dav ntawm cov poj koob yawm txwv niaj hnub no.

Pov thawj rau cov dab neeg hauv phau npaiv npaum ntawm kev puas tsuaj ntawm Yeluxalees

Qhov kawg ntawm lub caij ntuj sov xyoo 2019, cov kws tshawb fawb tau tswj hwm los ua ib qho kev tshawb pom loj tshaj plaws hauv keeb kwm hauv kev tshawb fawb keeb kwm hauv phau npaiv npaum. Thaum lub sijhawm tshawb nrhiav ntawm Mount Zion nyob rau sab qab teb hnub poob ntawm Israel lub nroog Yeluxalees, cov kws tshawb fawb los ntawm Tebchaws Meskas tau ua pov thawj Phau Ntawv Qub zaj dab neeg ntawm kev ua phem ntawm lub nroog, dawb huv rau 3 kev ntseeg ntiaj teb, los ntawm pab tub rog ntawm Babylonian King Nebuchadnezzar II.

Cov kws tshawb fawb keeb kwm tau tshawb pom ntau qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm qhov sib txuam nrog cov txheej tuab ntawm cov ntoo tshauv, nrog rau cov xub xub thiab cov taub hau. Ib qho ntxiv, ntawm qhov chaw khawb av, cov kws tshawb fawb pom cov teeb tawg thiab lwm yam khoom siv hauv tsev ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd. Qhov tseeb no qhia tias lwm qhov kev piav qhia rau qhov kev kub ntxhov, uas tsis yog cua daj cua dub thiab txeeb lub nroog Yeluxalees los ntawm cov yeeb ncuab pab tub rog, tuaj yeem muab pov tseg tau yooj yim. Tom qab tag nrho, txhua yam khoom cuav uas cov kws tshawb fawb tshawb pom tau nyob hauv cov phab ntsa hauv nroog. Yog li ntawd, kev sib ntaus sib tua tau tshwm sim sab hauv Yeluxalees.

Hauv Phau Ntawv Qub Phau Vajntxwv, lub sijhawm no tau piav qhia tias yog "lub sijhawm tsaus ntuj" rau lub nroog dawb huv - raws nraim 6 xyoo BC, raws li cov dab neeg hauv phau npaiv npaum, cov tub rog ntawm Npanpiloo tus kav Nebuchadnezzar II, tom qab kev raug kaw, coj Yeluxalees los ntawm cua daj cua dub, plundering thiab yuav luag tag puas tsuaj. Cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub tau pom thaum lub sijhawm tshawb nrhiav keeb kwm ua tim khawv tias thaum lub sijhawm ntawd muaj neeg nplua nuj nyob hauv lub nroog twb muaj lawm. Uas tseem ua tiav nrog cov ntawv hauv phau npaiv npaum.

Qee zaum txawm tias qhov pom tsis tseem ceeb hauv kev tshawb nrhiav keeb kwm tuaj yeem dhau los ua qhov pib rau kev tshawb fawb tshawb fawb tiag tiag lossis txawm tias muaj kev xav. Thiab leej twg paub, tej zaum nrog kev txhim kho cov thev naus laus zis niaj hnub no, nyob ze yav tom ntej, cov kws tshawb fawb yuav tuaj yeem tsis tsuas yog nthuav tawm txhua qhov zais cia ntawm keeb kwm, tab sis kuj tseem yuav rov sau nws dua.