Nco Txog Yav Tom Ntej: Utopian Graphics los ntawm Soviet Architect Yakov Chernikhov
Nco Txog Yav Tom Ntej: Utopian Graphics los ntawm Soviet Architect Yakov Chernikhov

Video: Nco Txog Yav Tom Ntej: Utopian Graphics los ntawm Soviet Architect Yakov Chernikhov

Video: Nco Txog Yav Tom Ntej: Utopian Graphics los ntawm Soviet Architect Yakov Chernikhov
Video: 8 yam tsis txhob ua thaum sib deev tag tsis li yuav phom sij txog lub neej txoj sia. - YouTube 2024, Tej zaum
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Hauv xyoo 2006, ib qho xwm txheej tau tshwm sim hauv tebchaws Russia uas tau txais "xwm txheej kev puas tsuaj loj" hauv cov neeg nyiam kos duab. Ntau tshaj li ib txhiab keeb kwm ntawm Yakov Chernikhov cov haujlwm tau raug nyiag los ntawm Lavxias Lub Xeev Cov Ntaub Ntawv ntawm Kev Sau Ntawv thiab Txuj Ci. Leej twg yog tus txiv neej no, nws lub tswv yim tsis tshua tau txais kev nqis tes ua, thiab vim li cas nws cov duab utopian tuaj yeem suav tias yog khoom muaj nqis hauv tebchaws?

Graphics los ntawm Yakov Chernikhov
Graphics los ntawm Yakov Chernikhov
Graphics los ntawm Yakov Chernikhov
Graphics los ntawm Yakov Chernikhov
Graphics los ntawm Yakov Chernikhov
Graphics los ntawm Yakov Chernikhov

Lub neej yav tom ntej ntse ntawm architecture tau yug los nyob rau lub Kaum Ob Hlis 1889 hauv Pavlograd. Nws loj hlob hauv tsev neeg Yudais loj thiab muaj phooj ywg - nws muaj kaum tus kwv tij thiab muam! Cov niam txiv tsis xav kom lawv cov menyuam rub tawm lub neej muaj kev txom nyem, thiab nrhiav kom pom lawv ua lag luam uas lawv xav tias tsim nyog, tsim nyog thiab tau nyiaj. Yakov txiv ib zaug muaj cov khw noj mov hauv nkoj, tab sis tau poob nyiaj txiag. Yakhauj yuav tsum mus kawm ua tus kws yees duab, mus rau chav yees duab zoo nkauj - tsis yog txoj hmoo phem tshaj. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum kawm txog qhov no, nws tau txaus ntshai thiab … tau khiav tawm hauv tsev.

Yakov Chernikhov nyiam ua duab hauv nws cov hluas
Yakov Chernikhov nyiam ua duab hauv nws cov hluas
Lub nroog ntawm yav tom ntej
Lub nroog ntawm yav tom ntej

Kev khiav tawm yog qhov ua tiav. Chernikhov nkag mus rau ceg ntawm Academy of Arts hauv Odessa. Hauv cov xyoo no nws tau ua haujlwm ua haujlwm kom tau txais nws tus kheej zaub mov thiab nyiaj txiag rau nws txoj kev kawm. Muaj tseeb, tau pib ua lub chaw thauj khoom, Yakov txawm li cas los ua nws txoj hauv kev muaj tswv yim. Nws kuj tau tswj hwm los ua haujlwm ua tus kws yees duab - dab tsi yog kev dag! - thiab tus kws kos duab ntawm lub lev, thiab ib zaug dhau los ua tus pab rau lub koom haum ntawm Odessa kev nthuav qhia kev lag luam. Chernikhov tuaj yeem ua tau, raws li lawv hais, "kawm los ntawm txhua tus," cia sau cov txuj ci uas tau txais.

Kev tsim kho tsis yog tsuas yog kev tshoov siab rau Chernikhov, tab sis kuj ua haujlwm …
Kev tsim kho tsis yog tsuas yog kev tshoov siab rau Chernikhov, tab sis kuj ua haujlwm …
Graphics los ntawm Yakov Chernikhov
Graphics los ntawm Yakov Chernikhov
Graphics los ntawm Yakov Chernikhov
Graphics los ntawm Yakov Chernikhov

Hauv Odessa, nws tau tsim nws thawj chav kawm qhia ntawv, uas tau ua tiav. Rau qee lub sijhawm, Chernikhov tau qhia nyob rau tib qhov chaw uas nws tau kawm yav dhau los.

Chernikhov qhia cov duab thiab tsim thoob plaws nws lub neej muaj tswv yim
Chernikhov qhia cov duab thiab tsim thoob plaws nws lub neej muaj tswv yim
Lub hom phiaj ntawm kev tsim kho ntiaj teb
Lub hom phiaj ntawm kev tsim kho ntiaj teb
Lub suab paj nruag nyiam Chernikhov
Lub suab paj nruag nyiam Chernikhov

Tom qab ntawd Yakov tau tsiv mus rau St. Petersburg, twb tau mus rau Academy nws tus kheej, thiab tib lub sijhawm txiav txim siab kom tau txais kev qhia paub tiag tiag. Hauv kev tshawb nrhiav nws txoj haujlwm, Yakov tau xaus rau ntawm Kws Qhia Ntawv ntawm Architecture ntawm Academy, uas nws kawm tiav nrog kev ci ntsa iab xyoo 1916.

Architectural duab los ntawm Yakov Chernikhov
Architectural duab los ntawm Yakov Chernikhov
Architectural duab los ntawm Yakov Chernikhov
Architectural duab los ntawm Yakov Chernikhov

Kaum xyoo tom ntej tau dhau los ua qhov yuam kev tawg hauv nws txoj haujlwm muaj tswv yim - Chernikhov tau raug hu los ua tub rog. Txawm li cas los xij, kev tshem tawm xyoo 1926, nws tau tswj kom kawm tiav los ntawm nto moo VKHTUEIN, uas yog ib lub hauv paus ntawm kev txhim kho Lavxias avant -garde, tab sis twb tau ua raws txoj cai ntawm "phau ntawv huv" - cov kws ua yeeb yam ntawm kev coj ua ib txwm muaj.

Chernikhov tsis tsuas yog pleev xim rau cov tsev, tab sis kuj tau saib xyuas kev tsim kho
Chernikhov tsis tsuas yog pleev xim rau cov tsev, tab sis kuj tau saib xyuas kev tsim kho
Chernikhov tseem tswj hwm kom paub qee yam ntawm nws lub tswv yim
Chernikhov tseem tswj hwm kom paub qee yam ntawm nws lub tswv yim
Cov tuam tsev lag luam tseem yog lub ntsiab lus ntawm Chernikhov txoj haujlwm ua haujlwm
Cov tuam tsev lag luam tseem yog lub ntsiab lus ntawm Chernikhov txoj haujlwm ua haujlwm

Ob peb kawm tiav ntawm VKHUTEIN, uas ua raws li cov tswv yim ntawm avant-garde, tuaj yeem paub lawv tus kheej hauv txoj haujlwm. Chernikhov, ntawm qhov tod tes, tau pib ua haujlwm hauv kev tsim kho ua tus thawj coj - tsis muaj sijhawm rau kev muaj tswv yim. Sijhawm dhau los, nws tau txais txoj haujlwm ntawm tus kws tsim qauv ntawm Leningrad Institute of Railway Engineers, thiab thaum kawg tau raug caw los qhia hauv Moscow Architectural Institute.

Chernikhov's industrial graphics
Chernikhov's industrial graphics
Chernikhov's industrial graphics
Chernikhov's industrial graphics

Raws li tus tsim qauv ntawm cov txheej txheem kev lag luam thiab cov qauv, nws zoo li tau ua haujlwm tau zoo heev. Cov phiaj xwm rau kev lag luam hlau thiab tshuaj lom neeg, tsev kawm ntawv, tsev nyob, tsev kawm tshawb fawb tau ua los ntawm Chernikhov tus kheej lossis hauv nws tus thawj coj. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv qhov kev siv feem ntau nyuaj rau nyiaj txiag lossis kev ua haujlwm vim li cas.

Kev sib dhos thiab xim hauv Chernikhov cov duab
Kev sib dhos thiab xim hauv Chernikhov cov duab
Industrial architecture ntawm yav tom ntej
Industrial architecture ntawm yav tom ntej

Lub sijhawm no, avant -garde twb tau dhau los ua qhov kev xav dawb huv, cov ntawv utopian, kev xav zoo nkauj - tab sis kev qhia, duab qhia, phau ntawv tseem nyob … Cov txheej txheem , uas nyob hauv cov duab tsim thiab tshawb nrhiav qhov tsim nyog daws teeb meem hauv thaj tsam ntawm kev tsim vaj tsev.

Abstract architectural compositions
Abstract architectural compositions
Abstract architectural compositions
Abstract architectural compositions
Abstract thiab space architectural compositions
Abstract thiab space architectural compositions

"Hloov lo lus nrog cov duab txhua qhov chaw!" - hais Chernikhov, hauv ntau txoj hauv kev xav txog kev coj noj coj ua niaj hnub no.

Chernikhov siv cov duab los qhia cov kws tsim vaj tsev
Chernikhov siv cov duab los qhia cov kws tsim vaj tsev
Ua haujlwm qhia qhov sib dhos thiab ntim ntawm lub tsev
Ua haujlwm qhia qhov sib dhos thiab ntim ntawm lub tsev
Cov duab qhia pom tus qauv ntawm lub tsev
Cov duab qhia pom tus qauv ntawm lub tsev

Raws li tus kws qhia ntawv, nws mob siab qhia cov tub ntxhais kawm yuav tsum xav li cas, tsim cov tsev tshiab, thiab tsis theej cov uas twb muaj lawm. Nws qhia ntawm lub faculties ntawm architecture thiab kev tsim kho, hauv tsev kawm ntawv tiag, hauv tsev kawm ntawv …

Kev sib dhos ntawm cov qauv kev lag luam
Kev sib dhos ntawm cov qauv kev lag luam
Cov dav hlau thiab tagnrho cov qauv
Cov dav hlau thiab tagnrho cov qauv

Ntxiv rau qhov kev paub dhau los hauv kev tsim kho tau nkag siab txog kev txawj ntse thiab kev cov nyom uas cov hluas muaj tswv yim ntsib. Nws tau sau ntau phau ntawv, qhov tseeb - pab qhia ntawv, qhov twg txhua hom lus tau dhau los ntawm qhov ua tau zoo, cov duab zoo, txhawb cov tub ntxhais kawm rau lawv tus kheej kev sim.

Abstract architectural compositions
Abstract architectural compositions
Abstract architectural compositions
Abstract architectural compositions

Hauv nws lub hnub nyoog yau, nws nyiam qhov tsis txaus ntseeg thiab nws daim ntawv hnyav - Suprematism. Chernikhov xav txog kev tsim vaj tsev zoo li kos duab zoo, hais tsis yog tsuas yog ua haujlwm, tab sis kuj yog kev zoo nkauj - hauv qhov kev nkag siab uas nws nkag siab.

Chernikhov muaj nws tus kheej nkag siab txog kev zoo nkauj ntawm architecture
Chernikhov muaj nws tus kheej nkag siab txog kev zoo nkauj ntawm architecture

Chernikhov mob siab rau tag nrho nws lub sijhawm dawb los txhim kho nws cov txuj ci duab, nyob hauv kev tshawb nrhiav yam tsis muaj qhov kawg, txhais tau tias ntawm kev hais tawm, thiab kev sib txawv txawv. Cov npoj yaig thiab cov thwjtim suav tias nws yog ib yam zoo li tus yaj saub lossis tus neeg dawb huv. Rau ib tus neeg niaj hnub no, nws zoo li yuav luag tsis txaus ntseeg tias cov txheej txheem tsim vaj huam sib luag tau tsim los yam tsis siv lub khoos phis tawj duab - tsuas yog ntawv, xaum thiab xaum xim.

Qhov sib dhos ntawm kev tsim thiab cov ntawv
Qhov sib dhos ntawm kev tsim thiab cov ntawv

Chernikhov cov duab kos yog ob qho tib si zoo heev ntawm yav dhau los, cov chaw tsim khoom tsim chaw, thiab tag nrho cov kev lag luam hauv ntiaj teb, tsis muaj neeg nyob, yuav luag tom qab apocalyptic, tsuas yog muaj cov pa luam yeeb ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom, cov kauj ruam tsis muaj qhov kawg thiab cov kab hluav taws xob.

Architecture rau qhov chaw!
Architecture rau qhov chaw!
Cosmic motives
Cosmic motives

Tau ntau xyoo, ntau yam ntawm Chernikhov cov haujlwm zoo li pom kev, tab sis ua rau ceeb.

Cov qauv tsim
Cov qauv tsim
Industrial architecture ntawm yav tom ntej
Industrial architecture ntawm yav tom ntej
Industrial architecture ntawm yav tom ntej
Industrial architecture ntawm yav tom ntej

Txawm li cas los xij, tsis muaj tus yaj saub hauv nws lub tebchaws. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws thiab cov tswv yim tshiab ntawm Chernikhov tau siv tsis tau siv. Hauv lub xyoo dhau los ntawm nws lub neej, Chernikhov tau xav paub txog kev txhim kho fonts - kev lag luam uas cov kws tsim qauv niaj hnub no, nrog rau kev siv thev naus laus zis thiab software, xav txog qhov nyuaj tshaj plaws.

Futuristic skyscrapers
Futuristic skyscrapers
Rhythm hauv industrial architecture
Rhythm hauv industrial architecture

Nws tuag thaum lub Tsib Hlis 9, 1951. Rau peb caug xyoo, Chernikhov cov keeb kwm tau hnov qab - tab sis xyoo 1980 nws tau rov tshwm sim tam sim ntawd thiab niaj hnub no nws tau txais qhov xwm txheej ntawm kev ntseeg - feem ntau ua tsaug rau kev mob siab rau ntawm nws tus tub xeeb ntxwv. Lub ntiaj teb futuristic ntawm Yakov Chernikhov nyiam cov xim ntawm cov kws kes duab vajtse, tus tsim qauv, cov kws ua yeeb yaj kiab thiab tus tsim ntawm computer game, cov txuj ci hluas tau mob siab rau lawv cov haujlwm rau nws, cov ntawv tau rov luam tawm, cov haujlwm tau digitized thiab nthuav tawm dav hauv qhov chaw ib puag ncig. Kev sib hlub thiab kev pom kev, nws kwv yees cov qauv ntawm peb lub sijhawm thiab tseem nyob hauv keeb kwm raws li tus neeg sawv cev txawv tshaj plaws ntawm Lavxias avant-garde.

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