Qhov tseeb txog lub neej thiab kev tuag ntawm Cleopatra uas suab zoo li ntawv tseeb thiab zoo ib yam rau zaj yeeb yaj kiab

2024 Tus sau: Richard Flannagan | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 00:06

Cov tub rog, kws sau paj huam, yeeb ncuab, cov neeg sib tw thiab cov phooj ywg, cov neeg nyob ib puag ncig thiab cov xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv, lub tebchaws muaj hwj chim loj thiab Hollywood cov yeeb yaj kiab ua yeeb yaj kiab - txhua tus, raws li txoj cai, tau poob ntawm tus poj huab tais Iyiv uas tsis muaj leej twg kov tau. Tsis paub qab hau, txawj ntse thiab txaus ntshai Cleopatra rau niaj hnub no yog qhov piv txwv tiag ntawm poj niam txoj kev zoo nkauj, kev dag thiab kev txawj ntse tsis tuaj yeem cawm lub ntiaj teb nkaus xwb, tab sis tseem ua rau nws puas tsuaj, tawm mus tom qab lub cim tsis raug hauv keeb kwm, thiab yog li yuam cov kws tshawb fawb tawm tsam hauv kev kwv yees nyob mus ib txhis ua li cas tus kav kawg ntawm Egypt tuag thiab qhov twg yog qhov tseeb nws lub qhov ntxa.

1. Sly, ntse thiab ntse

Hauv 31 BC, ib xyoos ua ntej nws tuag, Cleopatra saib raws li kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm Egypt thiab Mark Antony tau raug rhuav tshem los ntawm Augustus cov tub rog ntawm Tsov rog ntawm Actium. Qhov xwm txheej no tau ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv poj huab tais Iyiv lub neej, uas yog tus neeg ntse li nws tau ntse.

Antony thiab Augustus sib ntaus ntawm txoj kev mus rau Alexandria, tab sis Antony cov tub rog tsis tuaj yeem sib phim nrog pab tub rog ntawm nws tus yeeb ncuab. Anthony cov txiv neej, paub tias lawv raug kev puas tsuaj, tso nws tseg thiab koom nrog cov yeeb ncuab. Antony tsis muaj kev xaiv tab sis yuav tsum swb.

Thaum cov xov xwm hais txog qhov no mus txog Cleopatra, nws tau khiav mus rau nws lub tuam tsev, qhov uas nws txiav txim siab ua nws txoj kev tuag los ntawm kev xa ntawv mus rau Antony.

Qee tus kws sau keeb kwm ntseeg tias Cleopatra tau sib tham tsis pub lwm tus paub nrog Augustus, thiab nws paub tias Antony yuav raug piam sij tsis hais dab tsi. Xijpeem nws lub homphiaj, thaum tsab ntawv hais txog Cleopatra txoj kev tuag mus txog Antony, nws tau mob siab rau. Raws li Greek keeb kwm Plutarch, Antony hais cov lus no:

… Antony tom qab ntawd nws tus kheej tau ntuav nws lub plab.

2. Kev tuag ntawm Mark Antony

Lub qhov txhab ua rau tus kheej tsis tau xaus Antony lub neej. Thaum cov xov xwm ntawm nws tus mob tau mus txog Cleopatra, nws tau hais kom nws tus hlub raug mob raug coj mus rau hauv lub tuam tsev. Tsis ntev Antony muab nws tus dab nyob hauv txhais caj npab ntawm poj huab tais ntawm Egypt.

Raws li ib qho version, tom qab Antony tuag, Cleopatra tau sim txhua txoj hauv kev kom tau txais kev nyiam ntawm Augustus. Tab sis raws li koj paub, yav tom ntej tus huab tais Roman xav tau tsuas yog ib yam - kom tau txais cov khoom muaj nqis ntawm Cleopatra, uas nyob hauv nws lub tuam tsev. Thiab nws tau npaj rau txhua yam kom ua tiav nws txoj phiaj xwm.

3. Kev xav nrog kev paub dhau los

Yuav luag ob lub lis piam dhau los ntawm kev tuag ntawm Antony thiab Cleopatra. Raws li ib qho version, Mark lub cev tau ntim, raws li lwm qhov - nws tau raug hlawv raws li kev lis kev cai Iyiv. Qhov kev pam tuag pam tuag no tau muab Cleopatra nkag siab txog qhov xav txog yav dhau los thiab txaus ntshai, thiab nws tau dhau los ua kev xav nrog qhov tseeb tias txoj hmoo zoo ib yam tau tos nws.

4-5. Tuag

Tsev khaws puav pheej thoob ntiaj teb muaj cov duab pleev xim rau ntawm Cleopatra clutching tus nab phem. Raws li zaj dab neeg mus, tus kav tau ntxias tus cobra lossis viper mus rau hauv nws chav, uas tam sim ntawd tom nws. Ib tug nab nab tom tau nthe tas li ntawm peb caug-cuaj-xyoo-laus poj huab tais.

Tab sis txog tam sim no, tsis muaj leej twg paub xyov yuav ua li cas thiab thaum twg Cleopatra tau tuag tiag. Lub Yim Hli tau hais meej rau nws tias tsuas yog txoj hauv kev tawm yog rov qab nrog nws mus rau Rome, qhov chaw uas nws yuav raug coj mus ua neeg raug kaw. Nws yog qhov pom tseeb tias tus poj niam uas muaj hwj chim kav no yuav xav tua tus kheej ntau dua li raug thuam. Ntau tus kws sau keeb kwm ntseeg tias Cleopatra tau lom nws tus kheej lossis raug tua los ntawm Augustus. Ib puas xyoo tom qab nws tuag, Plutarch tau qhia hauv nws phau ntawv tshaj tawm tias Augustus txhob txwm tshaj tawm zaj dab neeg nab raws li kev tshaj tawm cov cuab yeej los txhawb nws lub zog hauv Rome. Thiab ntau tus kws tshawb fawb niaj hnub no tseem xav tau rau cov ntawv no.

Cleopatra ob tus tub qhe ze tshaj nyob nrog nws kom txog thaum kawg. Hauv ntau cov keeb kwm thiab ua haujlwm ntawm kev kos duab, cov poj niam puag ncig lub cev tsis muaj sia ntawm lawv tus poj huab tais, pom lawv tus kheej nyob hauv tib txoj haujlwm li Cleopatra.

Feem ntau ntawm cov duab pom peb tus poj niam daj ntseg hauv Cleopatra lub tuam tsev, puag ncig los ntawm qhov seem ntawm nws cov khoom muaj nqis. Thiab yog tias koj ntseeg cov ntawv no, tom qab ntawd ib tus nab muaj tshuaj lom tsis tuaj yeem lav rau peb tus poj niam tuag ib zaug. Feem ntau yuav yog, txhua tus peb tau siv tshuaj lom los yog raug lom yooj yim. Yog li ntawd, tseem tsis muaj lus piav qhia meej txog dab tsi tshwm sim.

6. Kev sib cav thiab kev tsis sib haum xeeb

Ua ntej Sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Actium, Augustus thiab Antony sib tw rau kev tswj hwm ntawm Rome tom qab kev tua neeg ntawm Julius Caesar hauv 44 BC. Ob tus thawj coj tseem ceeb tau faib kev loj hlob Roman faj tim teb chaws ntawm lawv tus kheej, thiab Cleopatra tau ua haujlwm nrog Antony. Thaum kev sib hlub ntawm Cleopatra thiab Antony tawg paj, Antony tsis quav ntsej nws tus poj niam hauv Rome - Octavia, tus muam ntawm Augustus.

Tom qab ntawd tus neeg txawj ntse Augustus txiav txim siab siv phau ntawv tshiab ntawm Mark thiab Cleopatra tawm tsam lawv. Thaum Antony sib nrauj Octavia, Augustus siv nws lub zog los tshaj tawm kev ua tsov rog ntawm Cleopatra, Poj huab tais ntawm Egypt, xyoo 32 BC. Cov kauj ruam no yog lub tswv yim rau nws thiab pab ua kom muaj zog.

7-8. Cov menyuam ntawm Cleopatra

Antony tsis yog thawj tus thawj Roman Roman Cleopatra tau hlub nrog. Xyoo 47 BC, nws yug tau ib tug tub hu ua Caesarion, leej txiv tau liam tias yog Julius Caesar. Tom qab Caesar raug tua los ntawm Roman senators, Cleopatra tau nyob nrog Antony, uas nws muaj peb tus menyuam: ib tug ntxhais thiab ob tug tub. Thaum Cleopatra poob kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Actium, nws maj nroos xa Caesarion mus rau Is Nrias teb, tab sis hmoov tsis zoo tus menyuam hnub nyoog kaum yim xyoo raug ntes thiab tua.

Cleopatra thiab Antony muaj ob tug tub thiab ib tug ntxhais. Tom qab lawv niam lawv txiv tuag, cov menyuam tau raug xa mus rau Loos thiab muab tso rau hauv kev saib xyuas ntawm Octavia, Antony tus poj niam qub. Cleopatra tus ntxhais Selena, thaj, txuas ntxiv ua lub neej kom tiav. Cov tub, Alexander Helios thiab Ptolemy Philadelphus, thaum kawg tau ploj mus yam tsis muaj ib txoj hauv kev. Dab tsi tshwm sim rau cov tub ntxhais hluas tseem yog qhov tsis paub meej.

9. Kev poob ntawm Ptolemaic dynasty

Txawm hais tias nws tuav lub npe poj huab tais ntawm Tim lyiv teb chaws, Cleopatra tsis yog haiv neeg North African. Nws tsev neeg muaj koob muaj npe yog cov neeg Greek Macedonian (Ptolemaic dynasty), uas tswj tebchaws Iziv tau ze li peb puas xyoo. Thawj tus kav, Ptolemy I Soter, tau los ua lub hwj chim tom qab kev tuag ntawm Alexander the Great, ua vaj ntxwv Iyiv thiab vaj ntxwv Greek.

Ptolemies, raws li lawv tau raug hu los, cais lawv tus kheej hauv lawv lub peev, Alexandria, thiab sib yuav hauv tsev neeg kom tswj hwm lawv cov neeg Greek.

Lub nceeg vaj tau tawg thaum Cleopatra tuag, thiab qhov uas tshuav ntawm nws thaum kawg tau txais los ntawm Roman Empire.

10. Nws raug faus ib sab ntawm nws tus hlub

Tom qab ua tiav qhov kev xav kawg ntawm Cleopatra, Augustus faus tus poj huab tais tuag nyob ib sab ntawm Antony hauv lub qhov ntxa loj nyob ib puag ncig ntawm Alexandria. Zoo li yog qee qhov Shakespearean ua si, ob tus neeg nyiam sib koom ua ke hauv lawv qhov kev thaj yeeb zaum kawg. Zaj dab neeg no tau lees paub los ntawm Plutarch, uas tau sau tias Augustus tshaj tawm tias Cleopatra lub cev yuav tsum tau muab faus nrog Antony li hauv qhov zoo nkauj thiab muaj koob muaj npe.

Tab sis nws tseem yog qhov paub tsis meej, qhov twg yog lub qhov ntxa dab neeg nyob qhov twg ntawm Cleopatra thiab Antony dag? Ib ntawm cov theories tsis ntev los no hais tias, tias nws lub qhov ntxa yog peb caug mais ntawm Alexandria hauv lub tuam tsev qub ntawm Taposiris Great … Cov kws tshawb fawb tau tshawb nrhiav cov lus qhia thoob plaws thiab ib puag ncig Alexandria, tab sis lawv tsis tuaj yeem pom dab tsi tiag. Yog li ntawd, kev yos hav zoov rau poj huab tais Iyiv thiab nws tus neeg nyiam Roman tseem niaj hnub no.