Dab tsi yog kev npau suav zoo li ua ntej "Hobbit" thiab "Tus Tswv ntawm Rings": 10 zaj dab neeg uas tau tshoov siab Tolkien

2024 Tus sau: Richard Flannagan | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 00:06

Rau ntau tus neeg nyeem, txoj kev mus rau hauv kev xav ib hom ntawv nyeem pib nrog xibfwb John Ronald Ruel Tolkien. "The Hobbit", "The Lord of the Rings" lossis txawm tias zaj duab xis hloov pauv ntawm Peter Jackson … cov dab neeg no "hooked" lab tus tib neeg. Tolkien paub tias tau tshoov siab qee tus tswv ntawm kev npau suav niaj hnub no, los ntawm George Martin mus rau Terry Brooks. Tab sis qhov kev xav zoo nkauj tsis tau yug hnub Nruab Nrab-ntiaj teb tau tsim.

Tolkien nws tus kheej tau tshoov siab los ntawm kev ua haujlwm qub, nrog rau los ntawm kev sau ntawv ntawm nws tus phooj ywg zoo thiab cov npoj yaig hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm Clive Lewis (ib zaug lawv txawm npaj yuav sau phau ntawv ua ke, uas Lewis pib sau). Nov yog kaum zaj dab neeg uas tau tshoov Tolkien kom ua haujlwm thiab tau yug los rau ntiaj teb cov dab neeg uas txhua tus paub thiab nyiam.

1. "Roots of the Mountains" los ntawm William Morris

Ib ntawm Tolkien cov dab neeg thaum yau nyiam yog Dab Neeg ntawm Sigurd los ntawm Andrew Lang Phau Ntawv Liab ntawm Dab Neeg. Nws tau dhau los ntawm phau ntawv no uas Tolkien tau paub txog William Morris, txij li Zaj Dab Neeg ntawm Sigurd tau ua qhov luv dua ntawm Morris's Wölsungs Saga, uas nws tau txhais los ntawm Old Norse. William Morris muaj kev cuam tshuam loj heev rau tus xibfwb (thaum Tolkien thaum yau), txawm hais tias yuav luag tsis muaj nws tus kws sau keeb kwm hais txog qhov no. Tolkien tau mus kawm King Edward Tsev Kawm Ntawv hauv Birmingham txij xyoo 1900 txog 1911. Thaum nws kawm, tus kws qhia pom nws txhais lus Askiv ntawm Anglo-Saxon dabneeg "Beowulf". Thaum tsis muaj leej twg tuaj yeem hais meej ntxiv lawm, qee tus kws tshawb fawb ntseeg tias nws yog Morris qhov kev txhais lus.

Xyoo 1911, hauv nws lub xyoo laus, Tolkien nyeem ib tsab xov xwm ntawm Norse sagas, thiab ob peb hlis tom qab ntawd nws tau tshaj tawm tus lej ntawm Völsungs dabneeg hauv tsev kawm ntawv keeb kwm. Hauv nws, nws siv lub npe ntawm Morris qhov kev txhais lus, nrog rau nws cov lus thiab kab lus. Ntau xyoo tom qab ntawd, xyoo 1920, Tolkien nyeem nws cov ntawv, Kev poob ntawm Gondolin, ntawm Exeter College Club. Tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm lub club tau sau hauv feeb tias Tolkien ua raws li kev coj noj coj ua ntawm "kev nyiam kev nyiam ib yam li William Morris." Thaum muaj pov thawj ntau txog Morris txoj kev cuam tshuam rau tus xibfwb, tsawg tus kws tshawb fawb tau hais txog nws txog tam sim no.

2. Beowulf

Cov paj huam epic no tseem ceeb heev rau tus xibfwb uas nws tau hloov pauv kev nkag siab tam sim no ntawm nws. Xyoo 1936, Tolkien tau sau ib tsab ntawv hu ua Beowulf: Monsters and Critics, uas nws tau hais tias dabneeg yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev hauv ntiaj teb kev sau ntawv. Ua tsaug rau Tolkien, hnub no Beowulf yog ib feem ntawm lub hauv paus kev npau suav. Nws lub ntsiab lus ntawm "lub teeb piv rau tsaus ntuj" tau dhau los ua ib qho ntawm cov neeg nyiam tshaj plaws nyob rau niaj hnub no, suav nrog Tolkien tus kheej cov dab neeg. Xyoo 1938, tus xibfwb tau hais hauv kev xam phaj tias "Beowulf yog ib qho ntawm kuv qhov muaj txiaj ntsig tshaj plaws." John Garth, uas tau sau Tolkien thiab Tsov Rog Loj, txawm hais tias, "Yog tias koj tsis yog Beowulf, Tolkien yuav tsis yog nws li."

3. "Dab Neeg Sigurd" los ntawm Andrew Lang

Andrew Lang's Red Book of Fairies yog ib qho ntawm Tolkien cov menyuam nyiam phau ntawv. Ib ntawm cov dab neeg kawg hauv nws yog Zaj Dab Neeg ntawm Sigurd, uas dhau los (raws li Humphrey Carpenter, uas tau sau tus xibfwb phau ntawv keeb kwm, thov) zaj dab neeg zoo tshaj plaws Tolkien tau puas tau nyeem. Tolkien kuj ib zaug hais tias nws yog ib tus ntawm cov menyuam yaus Lang cuam tshuam nrog. Zaj dab neeg no muaj nws keeb kwm hauv Old Norse sagas.

Sigurd yeej lub koob meej thiab hmoov zoo los ntawm kev tua zaj Fafnir thiab coj nws cov khoom muaj nqis. Ntaj Sigurd siv tau tawg thaum nws txiv tuag, tab sis nws tau rov ua dua los ntawm cov khoom tawg. Tolkien siv tib lub tswv yim rau Aragorn rab ntaj, uas tau tawg thaum Elendil, Aragorn tus yawg koob tau tawm tsam Sauron. Hauv nws tsab ntawv mus rau Naomi Mitchison, nws tau hais tias nws piav txog Smaug hauv nws cov dab neeg yog ua raws Fafnir.

4. "Phau Ntawv Zaj" los ntawm Edith Nesbit

Tsis muaj leej twg paub tseeb yog Tolkien nyeem phau ntawv no, tab sis tus kws tshawb fawb Douglas Anderson ntseeg tias nws yog. Phau Ntawv Dragons tau luam tawm thawj zaug hauv xyoo 1899, thaum tus xibfwb muaj xya xyoo. Tolkien ib zaug hais hauv tsab ntawv rau Whisten Auden tias nws ib zaug sau keeb kwm thaum nws txog hnub nyoog no. Txhua yam nws tuaj yeem nco tau yog tias muaj "zaj ntsuab loj." Tej zaum nws tsuas yog qhov xwm txheej xwb, tab sis muaj ntau zaj ntsuab nyob hauv ib ntawm Nesbit zaj dab neeg. Yog li ntawd, nws tsis tuaj yeem txiav txim siab tias kev nco thaum yau tsis nco qab tuaj yeem tshwm sim tom qab lub sijhawm ntev.

5. George MacDonald's Golden Key

George MacDonald yog lwm tus ntawm Tolkien thaum yau nyiam. Hauv nws phau ntawv, Humphrey Carpenter hais tias tus xibfwb nyiam cov phau ntawv hais txog Kurdi los ntawm tus kws sau ntawv no. Xyoo 1964, Tolkien tau nug los ntawm Pantheon Books kom sau ua ntej rau tsab ntawv tshiab ntawm Golden Key. Tus kws tshaj lij teb tias nws "tsis yog tus kiv cua ntawm George MacDonald li Clive Lewis; tab sis nws nyiam cov dab neeg no."

Tab sis Humphrey Carpenter hais tias tom qab tus xibfwb rov nyeem Golden Key, nws pom phau ntawv "sau tsis zoo, tsis sib xws thiab tsuas yog ua phem, txawm hais tias muaj ob peb lub ntsiab lus txaus nyiam." Cov dab neeg Kurdi thaum kawg tau tshoov siab Tolkien los piav txog orcs thiab goblins. Hauv "Golden Key" muaj ib tug poj dab uas yog ib txhiab xyoo. Txoj kev MacDonald piav qhia tus yam ntxwv no zoo ib yam li Tolkien piav qhia Galadriel ntau xyoo tom qab.

6. "Cat Meow" los ntawm Edward Knutchbull-Hugessen

Hauv tsab ntawv mus rau Roger Lancelin Green, Tolkien rov qab nyeem cov ntawv sau qub ntawm cov dab neeg luv luv thaum tseem yog menyuam yaus, uas tau tawg tag nrho, tsis muaj daim npog thiab nplooj ntawv npe. Ib tus xibfwb nyiam cov dab neeg hauv phau ntawv no yog "Cat Meow" los ntawm E. Knutchbull-Hughessen. Tolkien ntseeg tias cov khoom sau no tuaj yeem sau los ntawm Bulwer-Lytton. Tom qab ntawd, nws thiaj li nrhiav tsis tau phau ntawv no, tab sis koj tuaj yeem pom yooj yim npaum li cas "Meow Cat" cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm ntxiv ntawm Tolkien.

Ntau zaj dab neeg no tshwm sim hauv "hav zoov loj thiab tsaus" uas zoo ib yam li Mirkwood, Fangorn, thiab txawm tias Hav Zoov Laus. Nws nta ogres, gnomes thiab fairies. Tsis tas li hauv kev sau tau piav qhia tus neeg ua phem uas yog tsob ntoo. Nyob rau ntawm ib kis, tus xibfwb tsis lees paub tias nws tau tshoov siab los ntawm cov duab ntawm menyuam yaus cov dab neeg, tab sis tom qab ntawd tau lees paub qhov tsis sib xws.

7. "Wonderland ntawm Snergs" los ntawm Edward Wyck-Smith

"Kuv xav piav qhia kuv tus kheej txoj kev hlub thiab kev hlub ntawm kuv cov menyuam rau Edward Wyck-Smith's Wonderful Land of Snergies," Tolkien sau hauv nws cov ntawv sau ntawm Essay On Magical Stories. Tom qab ntawd, hauv nws tsab ntawv mus rau Whisten Auden, tus xibfwb tau hais tias phau ntawv no tej zaum tau dhau los ua tus qauv ntawm kev nyiam. Thaum Tolkien xub pib sau zaj dab neeg uas tom qab ntawd yuav dhau los ua Tus Hobbit, nws tau hais rau menyuam yaus ntau zaj dab neeg txog Snergs, leej twg zoo li zoo li Hobbits. Middle-earth, thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog Shire, kuj zoo ib yam li thaj av ntawm Snergs ntau txoj hauv kev.

Ib ntawm tshooj hauv phau ntawv, hu ua Twisted Trees, tau tshoov siab Tolkien zaj dab neeg ntawm Bilbo thiab cov neeg ntsias hauv Mirkwood. Hauv cov ntawv sau ntxov tshaj plaws ntawm Tus Tswv ntawm Rings, hobbit lub npe Trotter tau pab Frodo tau txais los ntawm Shire mus rau Rivendell. Trotter zoo ib yam li Gorbo, tus yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm Snergs, uas tau mus nrog ob tus menyuam yaus tib neeg hla lub ntiaj teb. Trotter tau hloov pauv los ntawm Aragorn, tab sis ntau qhov zoo sib xws tseem nyob.

8. Henry Ryder Haggard

Tolkien hlub cov dab neeg ntawm Henry Haggard thaum tseem yog menyuam yaus, thiab tom qab ntawd tau hais lus zoo txog nws txoj haujlwm. Tolkien tau tshoov siab tshaj plaws los ntawm phau ntawv "Mines of King Solomon". Ua tsaug rau nws, tus kws sau ntawv suav nrog daim duab qhia chaw, qee cov ntsiab lus piav qhia thiab cov khoom qub thaum ub hauv The Hobbit. Txawm tias Gollum, Glittering Caverns ntawm Helm's Deep, thiab Gandalf qhov nyuaj hauv kev ua txoj hauv kev hauv Moria zoo li tau tshwm sim los ntawm kev ua yeeb yam thiab cim los ntawm King Solomon's Mines.

9. "Hmo Hmo Ntuj" los ntawm William Hodgson

Clive Lewis ib zaug hais tias qhov kev xav hauv William Hope Hodgson's Land of Night tuaj yeem piav raws li "qhov pom kev tsaus ntuj tsis nco qab." Douglas Anderson tseem pom zoo nrog Lewis tias Hmo Ntuj Av yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm txhua yam. Thaum tsis muaj pov thawj tias Tolkien puas tau nyeem Hodgson cov ntawv, yog tias koj nyeem Night Land lossis txawm tias Baumoff's Explosives, koj tuaj yeem pom qhov zoo sib xws nrog qee qhov ntawm Tolkien txoj haujlwm. Piv txwv li, Hodgson tau piav qhia txog kev sib tw ntawm kev ua rog ntawm kev tsaus ntuj ib yam nkaus li Tolkien hauv qhov hais txog qhov mines ntawm Moria.

10. "Phau Ntawv Miracles" los ntawm Tswv Dunsany

Tolkien tau xam phaj los ntawm Charlotte thiab Denis Plimmer hauv xyoo 1967. Lawv xa nws thawj tsab xov xwm ntawm nws tsab xov xwm, uas thaum kawg tau luam tawm nyob rau hauv Daily Telegraph magazine xyoo tom ntej. Hauv nws, lawv tau hais los ntawm tus xibfwb cov lus: "Thaum koj tsim cov lus, koj ua lub hauv paus rau qee yam uas koj tau hnov. Koj hais tias boo hoo thiab qhov ntawd txhais tau tias yog qee yam."

Tolkien tau hais meej tsis txaus siab los ntawm lawv cov lus thiab teb tias nws coj txawv txawv rau nws los hais ib yam dab tsi zoo li ntawd, vim nws tsis sib xws kiag li nws lub tswv yim. Tab sis nws kuj tau hais tias yog nws tuaj nrog lub ntsiab lus rau kab lus "boo-hoo", nws yuav raug tshoov siab los ntawm Tswv Dunsany zaj dab neeg "Chu-boo thiab Sheimish": "Yog tias kuv siv lo lus boo-hoo, nws yuav ua lub npe ntawm qee qhov lom zem, rog, tus yam ntxwv tseem ceeb."