Cov txheej txheem:
- Hereford Cathedral Library (Askiv)
- Zutphen Library (Netherlands)
- Francis Trigge Library (Grantham, Askiv)
- Royal Grammar School Library (Guildford, Askiv)
- Tsev qiv ntawv ntawm Umbourne Minster (Askiv)
- Tsev qiv ntawv Malatesta (Cesene, Ltalis)
- Wales Cathedral Library (Wales, Askiv)
Video: Qhov Tsis Txaus Ntseeg ntawm Cov Tsev Qiv Ntawv Medieval, lossis Vim Li Cas Cov Khaub Ncaws Khaws Phau Ntawv ntawm Cov saw hlau
2024 Tus sau: Richard Flannagan | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 00:06
Kev tsim lub tshuab luam ntawv yog lub sijhawm tsim rau kev txhim kho phau ntawv luam ntawv. Ua ntej ntawd, cov ntawv tau sau los ntawm tes, thiab lawv tus nqi yog qhov yooj yim heev, vim tias cov hauj sam sau ntau dua txhua phau ntawv rau teev, thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm kev sau dua qee zaum siv sijhawm ntau xyoo. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv cov ntawv sau los ntawm cov neeg dag thiab tub sab, nws yog kev coj ua hauv thawj lub tsev qiv ntawv los txuas cov phau ntawv rau cov txee nrog cov saw hlau.
Niaj hnub no nws zoo li tsis zoo rau peb, tab sis nyob hauv nruab nrab cov tsev qiv ntawv, cov rhawv zeb tau nruab nrog cov nplhaib tshwj xeeb rau cov saw, uas ntev txaus los ua haujlwm nrog phau ntawv, tab sis tib lub sijhawm nws tsis tuaj yeem coj nws tawm ntawm chav. Cov phau ntawv ntawm lub txee tau txawv ntawm qhov lawv niaj hnub no - txha nraub qaum rov los ntawm tus nyeem ntawv. Qhov no zam kev cuam tshuam cov saw thaum phau ntawv raug tshem tawm ntawm lub txee.
Kev xyaum ntawm "cov saw hlau" cov phau ntawv nrog cov saw hlau tau kav ntev txog thaum kawg ntawm xyoo 1880s, thaum cov phau ntawv pib luam tawm ntau, thiab lawv cov nqi tsis poob qis. Niaj hnub no, muaj ntau lub tsev qiv ntawv nyob hauv ntiaj teb, qhov twg phau ntawv tseem khaws cia rau ntawm cov saw hlau.
Hereford Cathedral Library (Askiv)
Zutphen Library (Netherlands)
Francis Trigge Library (Grantham, Askiv)
Royal Grammar School Library (Guildford, Askiv)
Tsev qiv ntawv ntawm Umbourne Minster (Askiv)
Tsev qiv ntawv Malatesta (Cesene, Ltalis)
Wales Cathedral Library (Wales, Askiv)
Cov phau ntawv qub feem ntau ua rau muaj kev txaus ntshai ntawm cov neeg nyeem, vim tias lawv khaws cov tswv yim coj mus dhau ntau pua xyoo. Txog qhov lawv saib cov tsev qiv ntawv zoo nkauj tshaj plaws thiab nplua nuj nyob hauv Western Europe, qhia txog kev ua haujlwm los ntawm tus kws yees duab nto moo Frank Bobot.
Pom zoo:
Tsis Txaus Siab Tus Me Nyuam Sau Ntawv: Qhov Tsis Zoo ntawm Cov Kws Sau Ntawv nto moo, Tom Qab Koj Pom Qhov Sib Txawv Ntawm Me Nyuam Phau Ntawv
Nws zoo li cov neeg uas sau cov dab neeg zoo rau menyuam yaus yuav tsum yog qhov zoo ib yam. Thiab kuj yog niam txiv zoo, tau kawg. Yog tias koj tsis xav koom nrog zaj dab neeg no, nws zoo dua tsis txhob nyeem cov ntawv sau keeb kwm ntawm ntau tus menyuam yaus sau ntawv
Leej Twg Sau Phau Vaj Lug Kub Npaiv Npaum, lossis Vim Li Cas Qhov Teeb Meem Txog Kev Sau Ntawv ntawm Phau Ntawv Phau Ntawv tau tshwm sim ntau pua xyoo
Tau ntau pua xyoo ua ke, coob leej neeg nyeem thiab kawm phau Vajlugkub, nws tau suav tias yog phau ntawv nrov tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb no. Cov kws tshawb fawb los ntawm thoob plaws lub ntiaj teb tau ua tib zoo kawm nws, lawv tau koom nrog cov pov thawj thiab cov nom tswv, keeb kwm keeb kwm thiab ntau lwm tus neeg uas tab tom sim nrhiav cov lus teb rau lo lus nug tseem ceeb - leej twg, tom qab tag nrho, tau sau cov nplooj ntawv no?
Cov lus tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm Cossack los ntawm Repin pleev xim txog Cossacks: Vim li cas tus kws kos duab piav qhia nws yam tsis muaj khaub ncaws
"Cossacks Sau Tsab Ntawv mus rau Turkish Sultan" yog ib txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb thiab tiag tiag yog tus kws tshaj lij ntawm Lavxias tus kws kos duab Ilya Repin. Daim duab tuaj yeem pom ua cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm: nws qhia txog zaj dab neeg uas Zaporozhye Cossacks tau sau cov lus teb rau qhov kev thov ntawm Turkish Sultan kom mloog nws lus. Thiab, Kuv yuav tsum hais, hauv lawv qhov kev hais lus lawv tsis coj tus yam ntxwv (lub ntsej muag thiab luag ntawm tus phab ej ua pov thawj qhov no). Cov ncauj lus nthuav dav: ib tus phab ej ntawm daim duab yog tsis muaj khaub ncaws
Qhov Tsis Txaus Ntseeg ntawm Mary, Niam ntawm Yexus: Nkauj Ntseeg Dawb lossis Tus Neeg Raug Txom Nyem ntawm Kev Txhais Lus ntawm Cov Ntawv Qub
Virgin Mary, Yexus niam, yog ib lub cim tseem ceeb ntawm kev ntseeg Vajtswv thiab tus poj niam uas nws kev coj noj coj ua tau hloov pauv lub ntiaj teb. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tseem yog ib tus neeg tsis paub tab tshaj plaws thiab nkag siab yuam kev hauv phau npaiv npaum tus kheej. Raws li qee tus kws tshawb fawb, zaj dab neeg nto moo ntawm tus poj niam uas tsis tau muaj kev sib deev nrog tus txiv neej, tab sis tseem tau yug menyuam, tau tshwm sim los ntawm kev ua yuam kev hauv kev txhais cov ntawv qub
Lub hnub qub ploj ntawm Lyudmila Shagalova: Vim li cas lub hnub qub ntawm "Kev Sib Yuav ntawm Balzaminov" dhau los ua qhov tsis txaus ntseeg hauv nws lub xyoo tsis txaus ntseeg
Nws ua si txog 100 lub luag haujlwm, tab sis niaj hnub no tsis tshua muaj leej twg nco txog nws lub npe. Thawj lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb - hauv zaj yeeb yaj kiab "Young Guard" - coj nws qhov khoom plig Stalin thaum muaj hnub nyoog 25 xyoos, tab sis tom qab ntawd nws tsuas tau txais ntu ntu ntev. Txhua lub koom haum nyiam tuaj rau tus neeg ua yeeb yam tom qab 40 xyoo, thaum nws ua yeeb yaj kiab hauv zaj yeeb yaj kiab "Kev Sib Yuav ntawm Balzaminov", "Zaj Dab Neeg Poob Sijhawm", "Nws Ua Tsis Tau!" 65 xyoos tam sim ntawd txiav txim siab tawm hauv cov yeeb yaj kiab . Dab tsi yog stagnation