Vim li cas ib tus kws pleev xim zoo tshaj plaws ntawm Hnub Nyoog Nruab Nrab pleev xim rau tsev kho mob: Hans Memling

2024 Tus sau: Richard Flannagan | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 00:06

Hans Memling tus loj peb caug, sau hnub tim 1474-1479, hu ua Altar of St. John Nws lub npe tag nrho yog "lub thaj ntawm Yauhas tus Muab Neeg Ua Kev Cai Raus Dej thiab Yauhas Tus Theologian." Nws tau ua lub thaj ntawm St. John Tsev Kho Mob hauv Bruges, uas nws tseem nyob rau niaj hnub no. Los ntawm txoj kev, qhov no tsis yog ua haujlwm nkaus xwb ntawm tus kws kos duab nto moo sau rau tsev kho mob. Dab tsi tiag txuas Memling nrog lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm St. John?

Memling tus biography

Hans Memling yog ib tus kws pleev xim tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm lub sijhawm thaum ntxov ntawm Netherlands (nws yog ib feem ntawm pab pawg hu ua "Flemish primitives"). Dhau ntawm nws txoj haujlwm peb caug xyoo, nws tau coj ntau yam kev hloov pauv tshiab rau Dutch kos duab. Hans Memling yug hauv Seligenstadt, ze Frankfurt hauv cheeb tsam Middle Rhine. Nws paub tias Memling tau kawm hauv Mainz lossis Cologne.

Giorgio Vasari, hauv nws Vite (keeb kwm ntawm cov kws ua yeeb yam), tau sau tias Memling yog menyuam kawm ntawv thiab ua haujlwm ntawm Van der Weyden. Lawv txoj kev koom tes xav tias yuav kav ntev txog thaum Van der Weyden tuag thaum Lub Rau Hli 18, 1464. Tsis ntev tom qab ntawd, xyoo 1465, Memling tau sau npe ua Burgher ntawm Bruges. Lub sijhawm no, cov duab yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm Memling txoj haujlwm. Ib feem peb ntawm tus kws kos duab ua haujlwm uas tau muaj sia nyob rau niaj hnub no yog cov duab zoo nkauj. Lub koob npe nrov ntawm cov haujlwm no tej zaum yog vim tus kheej mus kom ze nws coj mus rau tus yam ntxwv zoo ib yam. Los ntawm txoj kev, cov neeg siv khoom Italian tshwj xeeb txaus siab rau cov duab ntawm Memling.

Ib qho piv txwv zoo tshaj yog daim duab ntawm tus txiv neej los ntawm kev sau ntawm Royal Museum of Fine Arts ntawm Antwerp, tej zaum pleev xim rau xyoo 1473-74. Ib tug txiv neej hauv lub tsho dub nrog lub tsho dawb thiab lub ntsej muag dub saib rau tus saib. Nws tuav ib npib nyiaj hauv nws txhais tes. Hauv nruab nrab ntawm daim duab, nyob rau hauv qab ntug, Memling pleev xim ob peb nplooj nplooj. Ib tug txiv neej zaum pem hauv ntej ntawm thaj chaw dav, nthuav dav uas peb pom swans, tus txiv neej nyob ntawm tus nees, thiab tsob ntoo xibtes.

Txij li xyoo 1470s. Memling tau ua haujlwm ntawm lwm hom kev pleev xim ib yam. Ib qho haujlwm ntawd yog tha xim ntawm ob lub vaj huam sib luag ntawm lub thaj, ua haujlwm los ntawm Librarians 'Guild. Hmoov tsis zoo, cov vaj huam sib luag no, pleev xim ib puag ncig 1479, tau ploj lawm. Tsis tas li hauv 1479, Memling tau sau nws tsuas yog ob txoj haujlwm uas tau sau hnub tim thiab kos npe: Retable ntawm St. John thiab Triptych ntawm Jan Florain. Ob lub thaj tau ua rau cov txiv plig ntawm St. John Tsev Kho Mob. Kev ua xyem xyav tau qhia ntau dua ib zaug tias Memling tau muaj kev sib raug zoo tshwj xeeb nrog St. John Tsev Kho Mob vim tias muaj ntau txoj haujlwm uas lub tsev kho mob tau xaj los ntawm nws. Ntau tus kws tshawb fawb ntseeg tias Memling, ua tub rog zoo hauv pab tub rog ntawm Charles the Bold, koom nrog kev ua phem thiab txawm raug mob. Nws yog St. John Tsev Kho Mob uas tau pab tus kws kho mob kho kom zoo. Ua tsaug rau kev pab, Memling tau sau ntau cov ntawv rau lub tsev haujlwm.

Triptych ntawm Saint John

Cov triptych tau sau rau ntawm Lub Thaj Chaw Siab ntawm Chapel ntawm St. John Tsev Kho Mob. Cov ntawv sau qub rau hauv qab ntawm tus ncej suav nrog hnub tim 1479 thiab lub npe ntawm tus kws kos duab Hans Memling. Lub thaj yog, ntawm chav kawm, mob siab rau cov neeg saib xyuas kev ntseeg ntawm tsev kho mob. Lub hauv paus duab ntawm nkauj xwb yuav cuam tshuam nrog kev nyob ntev thiab ze ntawm tsev kho mob lub tsev teev ntuj nrog Virgin Mary. Ob tug poj niam dawb huv, Catherine thiab Barbara, yog cov neeg ntseeg tshwj xeeb rau cov neeg mob hnyav. Lawv nyob hauv tsev kho mob cov ntsiab lus feem ntau yog qhov tseeb tias lawv ua piv txwv txog kev xav thiab ua lub neej nyob hauv tsev kho mob lub tsev teev ntuj.

Ua ke nrog Kev Txiav Txim zaum kawg hauv Gdańsk thiab Lubeck Passions, qhov no yog ib qho ntawm Memling peb qhov loj tshaj plaws triptychs. Peb thaj av ua haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev txhim kho nws txoj haujlwm. "Lub thaj ntawm St. John "hnub rov qab mus rau 1479 thiab yog li ntawd ib nrab ntawm Gdansk (1467) thiab Lubeck (1491) triptychs.

Muaj pes tsawg leeg

Cov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm triptych tag nrho yog qhov tseem ceeb tsis yog los ntawm qhov pom ntawm cov lus piav qhia, qhov sib txawv ntawm cov khoom sib cuam tshuam nrog qhov chaw thiab thematic. Kev hloov pauv tshiab tseem siv rau daim duab ntawm nkauj xwb nkauj mab liab nyob saum ntuj thiab Apocalypse. Lub cim ntawm cov pab pawg ntawm cov neeg ntseeg zaum thiab sawv ib puag ncig nkauj xwb zaum ntawm lub zwm txwv tsis tshua muaj neeg pom. Memling feem ntau yuav tshwm sim los ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Jan van Eyck.

- Lub vaj huam sib luag sab laug piav qhia txog kev tuag ntawm Yauhas tus Muab Neeg Ua Kev Cai Raus Dej (Lub taub hau ntawm lub taub hau), - Lub vaj huam sib luag sab xis qhia tias John Tus Tshaj Tawm Txoj Moo Zoo, piav qhia ntawm cov kob ntawm Patmos, - Lub hauv paus nruab nrab piav qhia Mary nrog tus menyuam Yexus, nyob puag ncig los ntawm ob Yauhas thiab cov ntseeg Catherine ntawm Alexandria thiab Barbara. Kev nqaim nqaim qhib nruab nrab ntawm kab qhib qhib toj roob hauv pes tsis tu ncua thiab cov tsev uas qhov xwm txheej me me los ntawm ob tug neeg ntseeg tau ua neej nyob.

Lub triptych tau xaj los ntawm plaub tus neeg nyob hauv Bruges, uas tau piav qhia nyob tom qab ntawm tis. • Jacob de Seuninck (tus kws kho mob hauv tsev kho mob), • Antheunis Seghers (lub taub hau ntawm tsev kho mob), • Agnes Kazembrud (tsev kho mob hauv tsev kho mob) thiab • Clara van Hulsen, kws saib xyuas mob nkeeg tom qab lawv yog cov neeg ntseeg tom qab lawv hu ua: Saint James the Great, Saint Anthony tus Abbot, Saint Agnes thiab Saint Claire.

Txog thaum nws tuag (Lub Yim Hli 11, 1494) Memling yog tus kws kos duab lees paub hauv tsev thiab txawv teb chaws. Nws cov qauv, kev sib xyaw thiab siv cov xim tau ua raws los ntawm ntau tus neeg ua yeeb yam yav tom ntej. Memling qhov kev cuam tshuam tau pom - rau ntau dua lossis tsawg dua - hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm Gerard David, Joos van Cleve, Quinten Matsis thiab Peter Pourbus. Yog li, Memling tau ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev txhim kho Bruges tha xim.