Dab neeg dab neeg ntawm zaj duab xis nto moo los ntawm Lyotard: "Chocolate Girl", uas dhau los ua ntxhais fuabtais

2024 Tus sau: Richard Flannagan | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 00:06

Ib daim duab ntawm tus poj niam hluas hnav khaub ncaws zoo, tuav lub tais kub chocolate thiab khob dej, yog ib qho ntawm cov haujlwm nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm Swiss tus kws kos duab Jean-Etienne Lyotard thiab yog ib daim duab zoo nkauj tshaj plaws hauv Dresden Gallery. Thiab keeb kwm ntawm daim duab no tsis muaj qhov nthuav.

Artist biography

Jean -Etienne Lyotard (1702 - 1789) yog tus neeg pleev xim Swiss thiab tus tswv pastel paub zoo tshaj plaws rau nws cov duab pastel hauv cov xim zoo nkauj. Ib tus pej xeem ntawm koom pheej ntawm Geneva, nws tau yug los thiab tuag hauv Geneva, tab sis tau siv nws txoj haujlwm feem ntau hauv cov peev ntawm Tebchaws Europe, qhov uas nws cov duab tau txais kev ua tiav zoo ua tsaug rau nws lub ntsej muag zoo nkauj, qhia meej thiab txhim kho cov txheej txheem pastel. Ib qho ntxiv, Lyotard ua haujlwm hauv Rome, Istanbul, Paris, Vienna, London thiab lwm lub nroog.

Lyotard cov duab pleev xim rau pom qhov ua tau zoo heev, ntxim nyiam thiab muaj tiag sawv cev ntawm cov khoom hauv cov duab. Tom qab ntawd, thaum muaj hnub nyoog 79 xyoos, tau nyob hauv nws haiv neeg Geneva, tus kws kos duab tau sau "Daim Ntawv Cuam Tshuam ntawm Kev Kos Duab", uas nws tau sib cav tias tha xim yuav tsum yog daim iav ntawm xwm. Tus sau qhov kev ntseeg no pom tau zoo hauv nws daim duab, tseem ua neej nyob thiab tom qab toj roob hauv pes. Chocolate Girl yog ib qho ntawm nws cov haujlwm nto moo tshaj plaws thiab "zoo nkauj tshaj pastel". Lyotard sau Tus Chocolate Girl hauv 1743-1745 thaum nws nyob hauv Vienna ntawm lub tsev hais plaub ntawm Austrian Empress Maria Theresa. Nov yog lub sijhawm Fab Kis Rococo, uas cuam tshuam rau Lyotard cov txuj ci los cuam tshuam txog cov xim pastel uas qhov kev ntxim nyiam no tau ua tiav.

Shokoladnitsa thiab Cinderella muaj dab tsi?

Cov keeb kwm yav dhau los ntawm daim duab zoo ib yam li Charles Perrault zaj dab neeg ntawm Cinderella. Cov lus dab neeg muaj nws tias tus ntxhais hauv daim duab, Anna Baltauf, nyob hauv Vienna thiab ua haujlwm ua ib tus tub qhe hauv ib lub khw muag khoom qab zib uas nyob ntawm lawv qhov siab tshaj thoob plaws Tebchaws Europe thaum xyoo pua 18th. Raws li tus ntxhais ntawm tus tub rog Viennese txom nyem, nws muaj lub sijhawm me me ntawm txoj kev vam meej yav tom ntej, tab sis thaum lub caij ntuj sov xyoo 1745, tus tub hluas Austrian tus tub huabtais Dietrichstein tau mus xyuas lub khw. Tus tub huabtais poob rau hauv kev hlub nrog Anna thiab thov kom nws yuav nws. Txawm hais tias nws tsev neeg tsis pom zoo, "Chocolate Girl" los ua ntxhais fuabtais. Raws li kev tshoob kos tam sim no rau nws tus nkauj nyab, tus tub huabtais tau kos duab los ntawm Lyotard, tus kws kos duab hauv Viennese lub tsev hais plaub. Hauv daim duab, Anna tau qhia meej hauv kev hnav khaub ncaws uas nyob ntawm nws thaum nws yav tom ntej tus txiv xub pom nws.

Muaj qhov thib ob, ntau qhov qub ntawm daim duab: nws muaj peev xwm ua tau tias tus poj niam yog ib tus neeg txiav txim plaub ntawm Vienna palace, uas ua rau Lyotard xav tsis thoob, uas tau ua haujlwm nyob ntawd, nrog nws qhov kev zoo nkauj.

Cov phiaj xwm ntawm daim duab

Tus tswv tswj hwm los qhia qhov xwm txheej zoo li no - kev ua dej qab zib chocolate - raws li kev coj noj coj ua zoo nkauj. Tus nkauj qhe Anna tau hnav khaub ncaws hnav nyob rau hauv lub kaus mom paj yeeb daj daj. Nws lub caj dab tau npog nrog lub phuam qhwv caj dab thiab nws txoj phuam qhwv ntawm lub duav. Ib daim ntaub dawb npog nws lub xub pwg, thiab cov ntaub qhwv ntaub qhwv ib puag ncig nws lub duav ntog hla daim tiab ntev satin xiav uas nws ci ci. Cov tub ntxhais hluas lub qhov muag tsis zoo, lawv ua siab ntev tos kom noj tshais. Cov tais diav kim nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov plooj (porcelain) dai kom zoo nkauj nrog cov paj Indian, lub tais ci ci ci, cov qhob noom xim kasfes kim kim tsuas yog xaiv ob peb, xav txog tag nrho cov khoom kim heev thaum sawv ntxov rau tus neeg uas tus heroine yuav noj tshais. Hauv Lyotard cov pastels zoo, cov ncuav qab zib pw ntawm lub tais nyiaj kom them rau qhov iab saj ntawm qhob noom xim kasfes. Rau tib lub hom phiaj, muaj lub khob puv dej rau ntawm lub tais.

Cov txheej txheem

Cov pastel tau sau rau ntawm daim ntawv parchment ntawm qhov siab heev (90%) cov xim xim, uas tso cai rau kev ua kom ntev thiab siv zog ntawm cov xim thiab muaj peev xwm los cuam tshuam qhov kev xav tau. Ua tsaug rau cov txheej txheem zoo, cov neeg saib tuaj yeem txaus siab rau lub suab nrov tshaj plaws thiab ua tau zoo txawm tias tom qab 280 xyoo. Lub teeb los ntawm lub qhov rais pom hauv ib khob dej. Cov txuj ci no tau pleev xim rau hauv ib nrab thiab ua qauv zoo kawg nkaus siv cov pastels ntawm parchment.

Lub luag haujlwm ua lag luam ntawm "Shokoladnitsa"

Daim duab zoo nkauj no tau ua qhov kev tshoov siab rau kev lag luam muag chocolate. Xyoo 1881, Henry L. Pearce, tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm Baker's Chocolate, tau mus ntsib cov duab tha xim ntawm Dresden Art Gallery thiab nws nyiam nws heev. Nws tam sim sau npe La Belle Chocolatière ua ib qho ntawm thawj lub cim lag luam hauv Tebchaws Meskas, thiab txij thaum ntawd los daim duab ntawm "Chocolate Girl" tau dai rau ntawm lub tuam txhab lub thawv thiab ntim khoom. Thawj daim duab ntawm Ntxhais fuabtais Dietrichstein, Chocolate Girl, tseem dai rau hauv Dresden Gallery, qhov uas nws tseem yog ib lub tsev khaws puav pheej nyiam tshaj plaws. Shokoladnitsa ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam loj heev hauv nws lub sijhawm - nws suav tias yog cov pastel zoo nkauj tshaj plaws uas tau sau los ntawm niaj hnub no - thiab tseem tseem ceeb thiab muaj nqis niaj hnub no.