Vim li cas thiab li cas Gogol, Bulgakov thiab lwm tus kws sau paj huam Lavxias thiab kws sau ntawv tau rhuav tshem lawv cov ntawv sau

2024 Tus sau: Richard Flannagan | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 00:06

Txhua leej txhua tus paub tias Gogol hlawv qhov thib ob ntawm Tuag Souls. Tab sis nws hloov tawm tias tsis yog tsuas yog Nikolai Vasilyevich teeb nws cov kev tsim rau hluav taws. Ntau tus kws sau ntawv Lavxias thiab kws sau paj huam kuj tau rhuav tshem cov ntawv sau, ob qho tib si tiav thiab cov ntawv sau. Vim li cas lawv thiaj ua? Tsis yooj yim los ua pov thawj tias cov ntawv sau tsis hlawv. Tej zaum, yog vim li cas thiaj loj dua. Nyeem vim li cas Pushkin, Dostoevsky, Akhmatova thiab lwm yam kev ua yeeb yam tau hlawv lossis rhuav lawv cov haujlwm kom tawg.

Tsis tsuas yog "Souls Tuag": yuav ua li cas Gogol yuav tag nrho cov ntawv ntawm nws txoj haujlwm thiab hlawv nws

Nws tsim nyog pib nrog Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol. Yog, qhov hlawv qhov thib ob ntawm Tuag Souls tau hais rau cov tub ntxhais kawm hauv tsev kawm. Tab sis nws tsis zoo li cov menyuam kawm ntawv, thiab qee tus kws qhia paub, qhov no tsis yog thawj qhov kev paub ntawm tus kws sau ntawv, thiab "kev xyaum" tau tshwm sim ntau dua.

Gogol thawj txoj haujlwm yog paj huam paj huam Hans Kuchelgarten. Thaum nws ua tiav, tus kws sau ntawv pom tau tias nws tsis nyiam nws tus kheej tsim. Yog tias peb ntxiv qhov kev tawm tsam ntawm cov neeg thuam uas tsis txaus siab rau txoj haujlwm, nws yog qhov tseeb tias Gogol cov tub ntxhais hluas (thiab nws tsuas yog kaum yim xyoo) tau npau taws heev. Tsim txom los ntawm kev poob siab, tus kws sau ntawv hluas txiav txim siab rhuav tshem cov ntawv sau. Tab sis lub ntsiab lus yog cov paj huam twb tau tshaj tawm lawm.

Nikolai Vasilievich tau mus ncig ntau lub khw muag khoom kom yuav txhua daim ntawv theej. Thaum ua "khiav", Gogol tau rhuav tshem tag nrho cov ntawv luam tawm tshiab. Tam sim no, tsis muaj leej twg tuaj yeem nyeem Hans Küchelgarten tag nrho - tsuas yog qee qhov me me uas tau rov qab los. Tab sis qhov no kuj zoo kawg, vim txhua yam tuaj yeem ploj mus.

Dostoevsky: nws pib nrog "Kev qaug cawv", thiab xaus nrog "Kev Ua Phem thiab Kev Txom Nyem"

Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky yeej ib txwm xav tau ntawm nws tus kheej, nrhiav tus qauv zoo. Qee zaum nws yuav rhuav tshem txoj haujlwm uas yuav luag tiav thiab pib sau nws dua. Los ntawm txoj kev, thaum xub thawj lub npe tshiab "Kev Ua Phem thiab Kev Txom Nyem" raug hu ua "Tus qaug cawv". Cov phiaj xwm yog ua raws zaj dab neeg ntawm Marmeladov tsev neeg. Hauv kev sau ntawv, Dostoevsky hloov nws cov phiaj xwm. Cov ntawv tshiab uas paub thoob plaws ntiaj teb niaj hnub no tau tsim los. Tab sis lub ncauj lus ntawm kev qaug cawv kuj tseem muaj qhov chaw - nws mus hauv keeb kwm yav dhau, tsim kom muaj huab cua zoo. Thiab tus nyeem ntawv yuav pom tias yog vim li cas lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua phem yog los ntawm kev ua phem cawv Marmeladov. Niaj hnub no nws nyuaj hais tias muaj pes tsawg nplooj ntawv "Drunken" Dostoevsky puas lawm.

Pushkin: tus thawj coj hauv kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov ntawv sau

Nws hloov tawm tias tus thawj coj hauv kev rhuav tshem cov ntawv sau tsis yog Gogol, tab sis Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin. Nws tsis tseg nws tej hauj lwm. Piv txwv li, nws tawm tshooj kaum ntawm Eugene Onegin mus rau xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv raws li encrypted quatrains. Cov paj huam "Cov tub sab" tsis muaj kev hlub "raug tua", tsuas yog cov dab neeg tseem nyob, raws li qhov "Bakhchisarai Fountain" tau tsim.

Pushkin tau rhuav tshem qhov ntim thib ob ntawm Dubrovsky, tsis muaj txoj hauv kev los sau Gavriliad. Thaum tus kws sau paj huam ua tiav txoj haujlwm ntawm "Tus Thawj Coj Tus Ntxhais", nws tau hlawv cov ntawv sau tsis zoo uas tau sau rau tshooj kawg. Cov kws tshuaj xyuas cov ntaub ntawv paub tias Pushkin cov ntawv sau yog cov nplooj ntawv ntau uas tau tawg. Nws ntseeg tias nws yog ntawm lawv uas Alexander Sergeevich tau sau paj huam ntxim siab thiab kos duab uas cov neeg dag ntxias tau tshoov siab nws. Yog tias tus neeg saib xyuas pom lawv, Pushkin tuaj yeem muaj teeb meem loj.

Akhmatova hlawv cov ntawv sau, ntshai raug ntes, thiab Pasternak, uas tsis lees paub cov ntawv sau

Anna Akhmatova yog ib tus kws sau paj huam uas feem ntau hlawv lawv cov haujlwm. Txawm li cas los xij, nws ua qhov no tsis yog vim nws tsis nyiam qhov tshwm sim, tab sis vim nws ntshai ntawm kev tshawb nrhiav thiab raug ntes. Ua ntej muab cov ntawv sau rau hluav taws, tus kws sau paj huam nyeem lawv rau Lydia Chukovskaya, nws tus phooj ywg. Hmoov zoo, lawv tuaj yeem rov qab qee cov paj huam los ntawm kev nco thaum qhov xwm txheej tau zoo dua.

Tsuas yog cov khoom tawg los ntawm kev ua haujlwm puas tsuaj "Lavxias Trianon" thiab "Kuv txhais tes hluas". Tashkent paj huam "Enuma Elish" kuj raug hlawv, uas Akhmatova tsis tuaj yeem rov qab los. Cov paj huam "Requiem" muaj txoj hmoo txaus - rau lub sijhawm ntev nws tsuas yog nyob hauv lub taub hau ntawm tus sau. Akhmatova ua tiav tshooj, nyeem nws rau cov phooj ywg uas ntseeg siab, thiab tom qab ntawd muab cov ntawv sau tseg rau hluav taws.

Boris Pasternak tsis khaws cov ntawv sau ib yam. Tus kws sau ntawv hlawv lawv tsis muaj kev hlub, zoo li yog sim ua kom hnov qab qhov ua tsis tiav, hauv nws lub tswv yim, kev tsim. Cov kws tshawb fawb txog kev sau ntawv niaj hnub no tsis tuaj yeem taug qab tias tus qauv ntawm tus sau no tau tsim los li cas. Tom qab tag nrho, tsis tsuas yog cov ntawv sau tau raug puas tsuaj, tab sis feem ntau ua tiav cov haujlwm. Piv txwv li, los ntawm kev txiav txim ntawm Moscow Art Theatre, Pasternak sau qhov ua si Hauv Ntiaj Teb No. Txawm li cas los xij, Fadeev tau ua haujlwm rau kev thuam hnyav, taw qhia tias nws yog "tsis yooj yim" rau tam sim no. Tus neeg sau tau chim siab heev thiab ib txwm hlawv cov ntawv sau. Qee qhov xwm txheej Boris Pasternak suav nrog "Tus kws kho mob Zhivago" nto moo.

Bulgakov: yuav ua li cas "Tus Xib Hwb thiab Margarita" tau sib sau ua ke

Mikhail Bulgakov tau rhuav tshem yuav luag tag thawj phau ntawv tshiab "Tus Xib Hwb thiab Margarita", tag nrho cov ntawv tau khaws cia ib nrab. Nws ib txwm muaj rau tus kws sau ntawv kom hlawv ob nplooj ntawv thiab tag nrho phau ntawv sau nrog cov ntawv sau. Hauv tsab ntawv mus rau tus phooj ywg, tus sau tau sau tseg tias tam sim no nws qhov zoo tshaj plaws yog lub qhov cub, uas tau lees paub tsis yog tsuas yog tau txais los ntawm khaub ncaws, tab sis kuj yog paj huam.

Bulgakov tau xa ntau phau ntawv sau tseg, sau cov ntawv sau ntawm phau ntawv thib ob thiab thib peb ntawm Tus Saib Xyuas Dawb thiab lwm yam kev tsim rau "kho qhov cub". Feem ntau yog vim li cas rau qhov kev coj ua yog raug ntes ntawm cov phooj ywg, uas nws ua haujlwm censorship pom qee yam txaus ntshai. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, qhov tshiab Tus Xib Hwb thiab Margarita tau sau ua ib daim, thiab tau suav ua ke los ntawm cov ntawv sau uas tseem muaj sia nyob. Hmoov tsis zoo, ib feem loj tau ploj thaum nyob hauv lub xeev cia. Nws yog qhov zoo uas cov tshooj tseem ceeb tau muaj txoj sia nyob thiab cov xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv tuaj yeem txaus siab rau txuj ci ntawm tus kws sau ntawv.

Los ntawm txoj kev, Lavxias classics tsis tam sim ua neeg nto moo. THIAB feem ntau cov tub ceev xwm tau ua nrog nws.