Cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub zoo li cas tau tsim los ntawm Lavxias birch los ntawm Carl Faberge nws tus kheej, thiab dab tsi tshwj xeeb txog tsob ntoo no

2024 Tus sau: Richard Flannagan | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 00:06

Txhua lub tebchaws muaj nws tus kheej lub tebchaws tsob ntoo. Yog koj hais xib teg, koj sawv cev rau lub tebchaws kub. Tab sis thaum lawv hais "birch", txhua tus nkag siab tias peb tab tom tham txog Russia. Qhov no yog tsob ntoo ntawm kev zoo nkauj zoo nkauj, nrog lub teeb pom kev zoo thiab cov nplooj ntsuab ntsuab, uas nyob rau lub sijhawm puag thaum ub tau suav hais tias yog Russia raws li ntug dej hiav txwv, uas tiv thaiv tsev neeg los ntawm kev nyuaj siab. Birch yog ib lub cim ntawm kev dawb huv, nws tau muaj txiaj ntsig thiab hwm los ntawm ib puas xyoo rau ib puas xyoo. Cov kws sau paj huam sau paj huam txog nws, cov kws sau paj huam tau tsim cov nkauj, thiab cov nkauj nto moo tshaj plaws hauv tebchaws Russia ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th hu ua "Birch".

Siv ntoo tawv ntoo rau ntawv

Nyob rau nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, thawj tsab ntawv los ntawm cov ntoo tawv ntoo tau pom hauv Veliky Novgorod. Thiab nws yog raws nraim li ntawv birch. Hauv Npanpiloo, cov av nplaum tau siv rau kev sau ntawv, hauv tebchaws Iziv, papyri, hauv Europe, parchment, thiab nyob rau tebchaws Russia puag thaum ub, cov ntawv ntoo tawv ntoo tau siv rau cov laj thawj no los ntawm cov tawv ntoo tawv ntoo.

Birch bark tau siv rau kev sau ntev ua ntej parchment thiab ntawv tau coj tuaj rau Russia. Birch nrog nws cov tawv tawv yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau cov laj thawj no. Txawm tias Yauxej Volotsky tau sau hais tias hauv lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm St. Sergius ntawm Radonezh muaj cov ntawv sau "tsis yog ntawm daim ntawv qhia, tab sis ntawm cov ntoo tawv ntoo."

Niaj hnub no hauv cov tsev khaws khoom qub koj tuaj yeem pom ntau cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb thiab cov ntawv tseem ceeb, uas tau sau rau ntawm cov ntoo ntoo ntoo, txheej txheem tshwj xeeb. Yog tias peb rov qab mus rau thawj qhov pom, tom qab ntawd, hmoov zoo, cov xwm txheej ntuj tsim nyog thiab tshwj xeeb muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov av hauv thaj av Veliky Novgorod tau tso cai sau ntawv kom raug khaws cia zoo, thiab niaj hnub no lawv tuaj yeem pom hauv cov tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm lub nroog

Ib tug mermaid uas siv hmo ntuj hauv qab ntoo birch thiab tom qab ntawd hlawv ntawm ceg txheem ntseeg

Ntau qhov kev cai dab qhuas qub tau cuam tshuam nrog ntoo thuv, txij li puag thaum ub hauv tebchaws Russia nws tau suav hais tias yog tsob ntoo dawb huv. Thaum Lub Limtiam Mermaid tuaj, thiab nws tau tshwm sim ntawm kev sib tshuam ntawm lub caij ntuj sov thiab lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav, tom qab ntawd, raws li kev ntseeg nrov, ib tus tuaj yeem pom cov mermaids nyob ntsiag to ntawm cov ceg ntoo.

Cov lus dab neeg no tseem taug kev, piv txwv li, hauv thaj av Bryansk, thiab niaj hnub no muaj kev coj noj coj ua ntawm kev pom mermaids mus rau Trinity. Ib qho tsiaj txhu tau ua los ntawm cov quav, uas lawv tau hnav rau poj niam hnav ntev, tom qab uas tib neeg nqa cov quav mermaid hla lub zos, hu nkauj. Cov menyuam roj hmab tau cog rau hauv qab tsob ntoo ntoo lossis npaj rau ntawm cov ceg ntoo, tom qab ntawd lawv rov los rau hauv lub zos. Lawv tuaj tos nws thaum sawv ntxov tom ntej. Tab sis menyuam yaus yuav tsis ua si nrog cov mermaid straw, nws yuav tsis dhau los ua qhov chaw dai kom zoo nkauj - nws yuav raug hlawv thaum tav su ntawm tus ceg txheem ntseeg. Yog li, cov neeg Slavs thaum ub tau sim ntxuav thaj tsam ntawm cov ntsuj plig tsis huv.

Siv rau Cov Cuab Yeej Cuab Yeej thiab Cov Lus Qhia hauv Nkauj

Lub npe nrov Lavxias harmonica ua rau lub pob ntseg nrog nws lub suab txawv. Tsis muaj ib tog neeg hauv zos tuaj yeem ua yam tsis muaj nws. Tab sis lub caj dab ntawm qhov ntsuas no feem ntau ua los ntawm cov ntoo, vim tias tsob ntoo no muaj zog thiab ruaj khov. Ntau cov nkauj hauv Lavxias tau sau txog birch, cov kws sau paj huam nto moo tau hu nws, thiab qhov no nkag siab tau - qhov zoo nkauj ntawm lub cev dawb zoo li kev hlub, nws maj mam thiab paub tsis meej. Nws nyuaj heev los tiv thaiv tsis qhia txog nws hauv zaj nkauj. Txawm hais tias lawv nquag hu nkauj txog ntoo hauv tebchaws Russia: maple, roob tshauv, poplar, thiab, tau kawg, tsob ntoo ntoo-cov neeg sawv cev uas paub zoo txog hav zoov duab. Birch tseem txhawb cov kws sau paj huam, kws ua yeeb yaj kiab, kws sau ntawv thiab kws ua yeeb yam niaj hnub no.

Sergei Yesenin tau hais rau nws tias nws tau npog nws cov daus zoo li nyiaj, Pushkin qhuas rau sab qaum teb ntoo thiab sau tias qhov no yog thawj lub hom phiaj uas ua rau nws poob siab thaum nws tuaj txog hauv roob thaum mus rau sab qab teb xyoo 19th. Russia yog lub teb chaws ntawm birch calico, yog li nws yog thiab yuav yog li.

Faberge cov khoom ua los ntawm ntoo

Txawm hais tias qhov tseeb tias birch yog tsob ntoo, qee zaum nws tau ua haujlwm zoo heev rau cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub. Nws zoo li tsis txaus ntseeg, tab sis xyoo 1917 tus hniav nyiaj hniav kub Carl Faberge tau ua ib qho ntawm nws lub npe Easter qe los ntawm tsob ntoo no. Nws siv Karelian birch thiab muab lub npe khoom "Birch Egg".

Hauv Peterhof thiab Gatchina, koj tuaj yeem pom cov tsev ntoo zoo nkauj. Qhov no cuam tshuam txog kev zam ntawm ib nrab ntawm ib nrab ntawm xyoo pua 18th, thaum ib hom kev xav tsis thoob pavilions tau ua ntau. Lub ntsej muag ntoo zoo nkauj, tom qab uas tsis txaus ntseeg sab hauv thiab khoom kim heev uas cuam tshuam rau kev xav.

Birch - tus txhawb nqa ntawm cov kws ua yeeb yam, kws sau paj huam, kws sau paj huam

Ntau tus neeg ua yeeb yam nto moo, piv txwv li, Shishkin thiab Kuindzhi, Bogolyubov thiab Polenov, tau tshoov siab los ntawm Lavxias birch thaum tsim lawv cov kev tsim. Tsob ntoo no qhia txog kev tsis muaj txim thiab kev dawb huv, kev zoo siab thiab kev xyiv fab, siv zog nce siab thiab kev tshav ntuj. Tab sis, piv txwv li, hauv daim duab nto moo "Rooks Tau Tuaj Txog" los ntawm Savrasov, ib tus tuaj yeem pom tsob ntoo ntoo ntoo tu siab thiab tsaus ntuj. Thiab rov ua dua, Igor Grabar hauv nws "Lub Ob Hlis azure" tau qhia txog hnub so tiag tiag, qhov twg ib tsob ntoo hlaws nthuav mus rau saum ntuj ceeb tsheej, thiab nws cov ceg muab qhov ntxoov ntxoo txawv txawv hauv cov daus.

Carvers feem ntau siv ntoo birch raws li lawv tau mos thiab pliable los ua haujlwm nrog. Cov neeg Peas tau siv cov ntoo tawv ntoo tuyeski los ua haujlwm hauv thaj chaw, qee zaum lawv txawm khaws cov dej hauv lawv, thiab nws tseem txias tau ntev. Txhua lub xeev tau nto moo rau nws cov ntoo ntoo ntoo ntoo, muaj ntau ntawm lawv hauv Vologda thiab Vyatka, Tomsk thiab Tobolsk, hauv cheeb tsam Kama. Txhua lub nroog tuaj yeem lees paub los ntawm qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm kev txiav, kos duab, duab ntawm cov khoom.

Birch bark cov khoom yog nrov heev ntawm cov neeg txawv tebchaws tuaj xyuas Russia. Niaj hnub no, cov khw muag khoom plig muab ntau yam zoo nkauj tsim los ntawm cov ntoo ntoo raws li cov txheej txheem qub.

Tam sim no nws tseem yog cov khoom muaj nqis heev. Thiab huag qhov tsis paub meej Karelian birch, cov hlaws tsis paub meej ntawm Karelian hav zoov, tsis tas yuav hais.