Tsar thaum yau: Yuav ua li cas cov xeeb ntxwv muaj koob muaj npe tau raug coj los thiab raug txim hauv tebchaws Russia

2024 Tus sau: Richard Flannagan | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 00:06

Leej twg thaum yau tsis tau npau suav ntawm nyob hauv qhov chaw ntawm tus ntxhais huab tais lossis tsarevich? Los ntawm txhua tus lej, cov menyuam muaj koob muaj npe pw ntawm cov plaub muag mos muag, noj qee cov khoom qab zib thiab feem ntau ua txhua yam lawv xav tau. Tab sis yog tias tus npau suav zoo li no tau hloov chaw nrog ib tus neeg ntawm pab pawg ntawm cov neeg muaj koob muaj npe ntawm Romanovs tsawg kawg ib hnub, nws yuav poob siab heev.

Kev vam meej thaum yau ntawm Alexei Mikhailovich Romanov

Leej twg muaj hmoo nrog menyuam yaus yog Alexei Mikhailovich. Thaum tseem yog menyuam yaus, nws tau saib xyuas nrog kev hlub thiab kev hlub los ntawm nws niam E. L. Streshneva, uas tau nco qab zoo tias nws zoo li ua menyuam ntsuag. Thaum muaj hnub nyoog tsib xyoos, nws yawg thiab yawg suab yawg yawg Filaret tau koom nrog kev txhawb nqa tus tub hauv kev ntseeg ntawm Orthodoxy, thiab tom qab ntawd - Boyar Boris Morozov, uas mob siab rau "Westernizer". Tus kws lis haujlwm muab rau tsarevich qhia nws raws li tus kheej qub qub Lavxias tus lej, nrog cov npe thiab cov lus txib. Thaum muaj hnub nyoog kaum xyoo, tus xav paub Alexei tau paub Clockwork, Kev Ua Haujlwm ntawm Cov Thwj Tim, Okhta (kev sau nkauj rau kev pabcuam los saum ntuj), paub yuav ua li cas thiaj txawj nyeem ntawv, sau thiab hu nkauj stichera thiab canons ntawm nqe lus sau.

Los ntawm B. I. Morozov, tsarevich tau txais "kev lom zem": cov menyuam hnav khaub ncaws ua los ntawm tus kws tshaj lij German P. Schalt, nees nees thiab cov duab ntawm peb tus altyns hauv Kab Zaub. Alexei cov menyuam lub tsev qiv ntawv muaj 13 ntu, tsis yog phau ntawv liturgical nkaus xwb, tabsis tseem muaj Cosmographies, Qauv sau ntawv thiab Lexicon luam tawm hauv Lithuania. Morozov yog thawj tus hnav khaub ncaws tus tub huabtais hauv khaub ncaws German. Kev saib xyuas ntau yam muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv cov xyoo uas paub tab ntawm txoj cai tsim nyog ntawm Alexei Mikhailovich (Ntsiag to).

"Golden Tub" Peter II

Hauv kev sib piv rau Alexei Mikhailovich, thaum yau ntawm nws tus tub xeeb ntxwv Peter II tau siv rau qhov tsis paub thiab lom zem. Peter niam, Sophia-Charlotte Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel, tau tuag ob peb hnub tom qab nws yug los. Txiv, Tsarevich Alexei Petrovich, tsis saib xyuas nws tus tub, feem ntau nws nyob txawv teb chaws, thiab ob xyoos tom qab nws raug yuam kom coj mus rau Russia thiab raug tua nyob hauv Peter thiab Paul Fortress.

Thaum tseem yog menyuam yaus, Tsarevich Peter tau saib xyuas los ntawm tus niam txiv, tus neeg nyob hauv tsev Roo, yav dhau los tau xaiv los ntawm nws niam, thiab ob tus neeg tsis paub ntawv zoo ntawm nws txiv los ntawm kev hais haum German - tus poj ntsuam ntawm tus kws txiav khaub ncaws thiab tus poj ntsuam ntawm tus tswv tsev. "Niam" muab tus menyuam cawv rau haus kom nws tsis txhob ntxhi. Tom qab nws tus tub tuag, Peter kuv tau ntiab cov poj ntsuam, thiab Menshikov, ntawm nws cov lus qhia, muab nplooj ntawv Catherine SA rau tus tub xeeb ntxwv ntawm tus huab tais. Mavrin thiab tus kws seev cev Norman, yav dhau los tus neeg tsav nkoj. Thaum muaj hnub nyoog xya xyoo, I. A. Zeykin, Carpathian Ruthenian. Lawv tau qhia txog tsarevich kev ua tub rog, keeb kwm, thaj chaw, lej thiab lej.

Txawm li cas los xij, tus tub tsis xav paub txog science. Nrog lub siab "muaj sia nyob thiab nkag siab," raws li H. G. Manstein, nws tau txawv los ntawm kev tsis lees paub ntawm kev tshawb fawb loj. Koom nrog thaum muaj hnub nyoog 9 xyoos hauv lub voj voog ntawm kev lom zem uas tsis yog menyuam yaus los ntawm Ivan Dolgorukov, Tsarevich Peter tau nqa mus los ntawm kev yos hav zoov thiab kev ua koob tsheej nrog kev lom zem ntau. "Lub sijhawm tsis pub dhau caij nees, tua tsiaj, thiab lom zem tau siv sijhawm mloog cov dab neeg tsis muaj dab tsi," tus neeg paub lus Askiv nyob hauv tebchaws tau sau hauv tsab ntawv ceeb toom. Peter II tsis tau muab rau kom loj hlob thiab nyob nrog. Nws tuag ntawm mob qog noj ntshav thaum muaj hnub nyoog 14 xyoos.

Nyuaj nyuaj thaum yau hauv tsev neeg huab tais

Tab sis tsar cov menyuam tsis muaj kev ywj pheej li lawm. Yog li, nyob hauv Paul I, kev tswj hwm kev kawm ntawv hauv tsev neeg muaj koob muaj npe nyuaj heev. Xyoo 1800, Huab Tais tau xaiv 55 xyoos General M. I. Lamsdorf tau qhia nws cov menyuam, Nicholas thiab Mikhail, ceeb toom: "Tsis txhob ua rau kuv cov tub tsis zoo li cov thawj coj German." Thiab Lamsdorf tau ua nws qhov zoo tshaj plaws. Tus huab tais yav tom ntej Nicholas Kuv thiab nws tus tij laug raug nplawm nrog pas nrig, tuav, tsoo nrog tus kav, thiab tsoo lawv lub taub hau tiv thaiv phab ntsa. "Suav Lamsdorf tswj kom ua rau peb ib qho kev xav - ntshai," sau Nicholas Kuv ntau xyoo tom qab. "Nws qhov hnyav, nrog mob siab rau, tshem tawm peb qhov kev txhaum, ua rau peb tsis txaus siab nrog kev kho mob hnyav, feem ntau tsis tsim nyog."

Ua siab zoo rau nws thaum yau tsis txaus siab, Emperor Nicholas Kuv txwv tsis pub lub cev raug txim. Lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev kawm yog: txwv tsis pub noj zaub mov thiab txwv kev sib ntsib nrog niam txiv. Cov me me tuaj yeem muab tso rau hauv kaum tsev. Yog li, yav tom ntej Alexander II, vim hais tias tsis tau sau paj huam, noj hmo ntawm ib lub kua zaub, thiab rau nws "tsis txaus ntseeg txawv" hauv keeb kwm kev qhia, txiv huab tais txwv tsis pub tus tub mus rau nws ua ntej yuav mus pw.

Tab sis qhov hnyav tshaj thaum yau tau poob rau ntau ntawm cov menyuam ntawm Alexander III. "Kuv tsis xav tau cov plooj (porcelain). Kuv xav tau ib txwm muaj, noj qab nyob zoo, Lavxias cov menyuam, "nws tshaj tawm, txais kev lis kev cai Askiv nyob ze rau asceticism. Cov tub thiab ntxhais hluas Regal tau pw saum txaj plaub hau, noj oatmeal rau pluas tshais thiab da dej txias. Kev tu lub neej yav tom ntej Nicholas II, nws cov kwv tij thiab cov muam tau saib xyuas los ntawm tus niam txiv Askiv zoo Elizabeth Franklin.

Cov menyuam yaus tau teeb tsa txoj cai nruj ntawm kev coj ua, uas ua rau muaj kev tshaib kev nqhis, thiab Tsarevich Nicholas raug yuam kom ua phem ua qias. Yog li, ntawm tsev neeg noj hmo, nyob qhov twg muaj ntau tus qhua, khoom noj, raws li txoj cai, tau ua haujlwm thawj zaug rau Alexander III nrog tus poj huab tais, tom qab ntawd rau cov qhua, kawg ntawm txhua tus menyuam. Thaum ob niam txiv huab tais noj mov tas, cov phaj tau muab tshem tam sim ntawd. Grand Duchess Olga nco qab tias nws thiab nws cov kwv tij tsis muaj sijhawm nqos ib lossis ob daim. Olga hais tias "Peb tsis tuaj yeem nkag mus rau hauv lub tsev noj mov thiab thov kom muaj qhaub cij lossis yob," "Qhov khoom ntawd tsis tau ua tiav." Thiab Nikolai, tshaib plab tag nrho, ib zaug nqos cov ntoo khaub lig ua kev cai raus dej - ib daim muv zib ntab nrog ib feem ntawm txoj sia muab ntoo khaub lig.

Txoj cai sparing Tsarevich Alexei

Raws li kev nco txog Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich (Sandro), txij hnub nyoog 7 txog 15 xyoos, lub neej ntawm cov tub hauv tsev neeg muaj koob muaj npe tau hloov mus ua haujlwm. Txhua tus tub hluas tau raug xaiv los ua tus thawj coj ntawm cov tub rog thiab tau txais cov khaub ncaws zoo. Thaum 6 teev sawv ntxov - sawv, hais lus thov Vajtswv ntawm koj lub hauv caug thiab da dej txias. Rau pluas tshais, khob khob tshuaj yej thiab qhob cij thiab butter. Los ntawm 8 thaum sawv ntxov cov lus qhia hauv laj kab, ntaus pob ncaws pob, phom loj - hauv txhua lub tsev huab tais muaj rab phom rau xyaum tua. Tom qab ntawd, txog 6 teev tsaus ntuj nrog kev so noj su, lawv tau kawm Txoj Cai ntawm Vajtswv, keeb kwm, thaj chaw ib puag ncig, lej, yam lus txawv teb chaws- hauv ib lo lus, kawm chav ua si hauv tsev tag nrho. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov tub hluas tau qhia caij caij nees thiab tua mos txwv.

Tsarevich Alexei, tus tub nkaus xwb ntawm Nicholas II, dim txoj hmoo ntawm nws txiv ntxawm thiab kwv tij txheeb ze, tab sis vim qhov ntawd nws tsis zoo siab. Cov kws kho mob kuaj mob hemophilia nyob rau hnub thib ob ntawm tus menyuam lub neej, pom tias lub ntaws tseem tseem ntshav. Txhua qhov nqaij tawv rau tus tub tau dhau los ua teeb meem, txhua qhov thawb tuaj yeem ua rau ntshav ntws sab hauv.

Alexey tau txais kev kawm paub ua yeeb yam, tab sis tsis yog kev sib tw nees thiab fencing, nws kawm seev cev thiab ntaus nkauj. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws yog ataman ntawm txhua tus tub rog Cossack los ntawm txoj cai yug, thiab thaum muaj hnub nyoog 11 xyoos nws tau txais qib ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm.

Tsarevich yog ib tug tub nquag, npau suav ntawm caij tsheb kauj vab, ntaus pob tesniv nrog nws cov viv ncaus, uas yog txwv tsis pub txwv. Tus kws qhia Fab Kis Pierre Gilliard tau sau hauv nws phau ntawv sau tseg tias nws tsis ua raws Alexei li cas, nws poob thiab txhos caug hauv caug kaum ntawm lub rooj ntev zaum. Hnub tom qab, Tsarevich sawv tsis tau ntxiv lawm. Tag nrho txhais ceg tau o thiab mob heev.

Tus kws kho mob hauv tsev hais plaub muab tus menyuam muaj 16 xyoo ntawm lub neej, tab sis thaum muaj hnub nyoog 13 xyoos Tsarevich raug tua tuag los ntawm mos txwv los ntawm tub rog liab.

Thaum nws los txog rau tsev neeg Romanov, ntau tus neeg xav paub vim li cas tus Vaj Ntxwv Askiv George V tsis cawm nws tus nus thiab tus phooj ywg zoo Emperor Nicholas II los ntawm kev tuag.