Lub tebchaws Russia tau ua dab tsi kom tswj hwm lub tebchaws Ottoman: Lavxias-Turkish kev tsov kev rog

2024 Tus sau: Richard Flannagan | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 00:06

Txij li thaum xyoo pua 16th, Russia tau niaj hnub tawm tsam Tebchaws Ottoman. Qhov laj thawj rau kev ua tub rog sib txawv yog qhov sib txawv: kev sim ntawm Turks ntawm cov neeg Lavxias, kev tawm tsam rau thaj av Hiav Txwv Dub thiab Caucasus, lub siab xav tswj hwm Bosphorus thiab Dardanelles. Tsis tshua muaj nws tau siv sijhawm ntau dua 20 xyoo los ntawm qhov kawg ntawm kev ua tsov rog mus rau qhov pib tom ntej. Thiab nyob rau hauv cov xov tooj ntawm kev sib cav, uas tau raug lees paub 12, cov pej xeem ntawm Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws tau tshwm sim yeej. Nov yog qee ntu.

Thawj qhov sib tsoo thiab Astrakhan swb ntawm Turks

Cov Turks, koom tes nrog Crimean Khan, thawj zaug mus rau Moscow rov qab rau xyoo 1541. Txij thaum ntawd los, kev sib cav tsis tau nres kom txog thaum kev sib tsoo ntawm ob lub tebchaws Russia thiab Ottoman. Xyoo 1569, cov tub rog Turkish loj heev tau mus rau Astrakhan, hauv qab daim npog uas tau npaj siab los tsim lub Volga-Don Canal. Yog li Turkish fleet txiav txim siab kom tau txais kev txhawb nqa ntxiv rau Hiav Txwv Azov kuj hauv Caspian. Txawm hais tias kev txhawb nqa ntawm 50,000 tus tub rog Krymchak muaj zog, cov phiaj xwm ntawm Ottomans tau cuam tshuam los ntawm kev tshaj lij ntawm tus tswv xeev ntawm Serebryany-Obolensky. Kev thaiv ntawm Astrakhan tau raug tshem tawm, thiab thaj chaw Lavxias tau ua tiav ntawm cov yeeb ncuab.

Kev xaiv ntawm Ukrainian hetman

Yog vim li cas tom ntej no teeb meem Lavxias-Turkish (1672-1681) yog lub siab xav ntawm Tebchaws Ottoman kom tswj hwm Txoj Cai-Bank Ukraine. Nyob rau xyoo 1669, hetman ntawm Ukraine Doroshenko tau tshaj tawm tias yog neeg Ottoman vassal, tom qab ntawd cov neeg Turkish sultan txiav txim siab los tua nrog Poland. Xav txog qhov kev ntxeem tau ntawm Turks rau hauv lawv tus kheej lub plab thiab sau npe rau kev txhawb nqa huab tais, Don Cossacks tau tawm tsam cov yeeb ncuab hauv Crimea thiab tswj Chigirin. Doroshenko tam sim tam sim, thiab Mehmed txiav txim siab los tawm tsam rau Txoj Cai-Bank Ukraine. Raws li kev sib ntaus sib tua rau Moscow, lub txhab nyiaj sab laug tseem nyob.

Ua tsis tiav txoj kev thaj yeeb nyab xeeb

Kev sib tsoo nrog Ottomans 1735-1739 tau tshwm sim ua ke nrog Austrian Empire. Cov Crimeans tsis tau tso tseg txoj kev sim tua neeg nyob rau yav qab teb Lavxias teb sab, thiab Russia xav tau nkag mus rau Hiav Txwv Dub. Ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm qhov kev tsis sib haum xeeb hauv Constantinople, cov neeg Lavxias tau mus ua rog nrog tebchaws Ottoman. Tom qab kev pib ua tiav ntawm Lavxias tus thawj coj, tus kab mob sib kis tau tshwm sim hauv pab tub rog, txhawb nqa los ntawm cov khoom siv tsis txaus. Tom qab yuam kom rov qab los, Belgrade Peace Treaty tau kos npe thaum lub caij nplooj zeeg xyoo 1739. Azov tau cuv npe rau Russia, tab sis tau xaj kom tshem tawm txhua qhov kev tiv thaiv nyob rau ntawd. Ib qho ntxiv, cov neeg Lavxias tau raug txwv tsis pub muaj Lub Nkoj Dub, thiab nws tau xaj kom ua lag luam siv cov nkoj Turkish. Yog li txoj hauv kev tawm mus rau Hiav Txwv Dub tsis tau txais.

Ci ntsa iab Russia yeej ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th

Tsov rog ntawm 1768-1774 Nws tau tshaj tawm tias yog Ottoman Sultan rau qhov laj thawj: Cossacks nrhiav cov Tub Rog tau xaus rau hauv Balta, uas yog los ntawm Turks. Cov neeg Lavxias tau tawm tsam nrog xob laim nrawm. Orlov hloov Baltic pab pawg mus rau Mediterranean, thiab sai sai no lub nkoj Turkish tau swb lawm. Xyoo 1770, pab tub rog ntawm Rumyantsev ntawm Cahul thiab Larga yeej cov tub rog tseem ceeb ntawm Turks nrog Krymchaks. Ib xyoos tom qab, Dolgorukov tau nyob hauv Crimea, hloov Crimean Khanate mus rau Lavxias tiv thaiv. Thaum xyoo 1774, Suvorov thiab Kamensky yeej ntau lub zog ntawm cov neeg Ottomans ntawm Kozludzha. Thiab Kyuchuk-Kainardzhiyskoe kev sib haum xeeb tau cog lus rau Kerch, Kabarda, Azov, Yenikale thiab Kinburn rau Russia, tshem tawm Turks ntawm Crimean lub zog thiab sib sau ua ke cov neeg Lavxias hauv Hiav Txwv Dub.

Hmo ua ntej ntawm kev sib cav tub rog ntawm 1787-1791, ciam teb ntawm Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws twb suav nrog Crimea thiab Kuban. Istanbul tau thov kom tso thaj av, nrog rau Georgia. Los ntawm thawj qhov kev sib tsoo, pem hauv ntej ci ntsa iab nrog kev yeej rau Suvorov thiab Potemkin. Ntawm hiav txwv, Ushakov txawj qhia nws qhov zoo. Qhov kawg ntawm xyoo 1790, cov tub rog Lavxias tau coj Izmail nrog cov tub rog Ottoman ntawm 35,000. Hauv Caucasus, Gudovich subjugates Anapa. Nrog Yassy Kev Pom Zoo Kev Pom Zoo, Crimea tau muab rau Russia, thiab ciam teb ntawm cov xeev tau hloov mus rau Dniester. Russia tsis txaus siab tsis kam lees them nqi, ua rau tsis muaj peev nyiaj xoom ntawm Sultan.

Xyoo 19th kev tsis sib haum xeeb

Hnub ua ntej xyoo 1806, thaum kev sib ntaus sib tua tom ntej ntawm Turks thiab Lavxias tau pib, Lub Tebchaws Ottoman tau yuam nws cov tub qhe, ua siab ncaj rau Russia, Moldavia thiab Wallachia, kom tawm haujlwm. Thaum xub thawj, Russia, cuam tshuam los ntawm Napoleon, suav txog kev thaj yeeb nyab xeeb hauv qhov xwm txheej tam sim no. Tab sis thaum Fab Kis ntxeem tau sai sai los pom, Russia tau mus rau kev tshem tawm ntawm kev hem thawj raws nws cov ciam teb sab qab teb. Xyoo 1811, Cov neeg Lavxias tua yeej Turks ntawm Danube, rhuav tshem cov tub rog Turkish tseem ceeb nrog kev ua haujlwm Slobodzeya. Kutuzov yuam cov neeg Ottomans kom tso tseg Bessarabia vim yog cov neeg Lavxias, uas tau ua raws li Bucharest Treaty xyoo 1812.

Tab sis twb muaj xyoo 1827, Ottoman sultan tsis kam lees paub kev ywj pheej ntawm tim Nkij teb chaws, tau teev tseg los ntawm London Kev Pom Zoo nrog kev pom zoo ntawm Russia, Askiv thiab Fabkis. Tom qab ntawd pab pawg sib koom ua ke ntawm cov xeev no tau tsoo lub nkoj Turkish hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Navarino. Thaum lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav xyoo 1828, Emperor Nicholas Kuv tau tshaj tawm kev ua tsov rog rau cov neeg Ottomans ncaj qha vim tias Porte tsis kam ua raws li kev pom zoo ob tog ntawm Akkerman Convention xyoo 1826.

Tom qab ua tiav ntawm kev vam meej, cov tub rog Lavxias tau mus txog Constantinople, thiab raws li Adrianople kev thaj yeeb, Qaib ntxhw tseem yuav tsum tau ua raws li Greek kev tswj hwm tus kheej. Ib qho ntxiv, yuav luag tag nrho ntug dej hiav txwv sab hnub tuaj ntawm Hiav Txwv Dub (nrog Anapa, Sudzhuk-Kale, Sukhum) thiab Danube delta tau thim rov qab rau Russia. Cov neeg Ottomans raug yuam kom lees paub qhov muaj hwj chim loj tshaj ntawm cov neeg Lavxias hla Georgia nrog ib feem ntawm Armenia niaj hnub no, nrog rau kev ywj pheej ntawm Serbia. Russia muaj txoj cai los nyob hauv Moldavia nrog Wallachia kom txog rau thaum tag nrho cov nuj nqis los ntawm Turks.

Koob meej tom qab Crimean ua tsis tiav

Hauv Tsov Rog Crimean xyoo 1853-1856. Russia poob ntau thaj tsam uas tau kov yeej, thiab Hiav Txwv Dub tau dhau los ua qhov nruab nrab. Kev siv nyiaj tub rog loj ua rau muaj teeb meem kev lag luam, tab sis tib lub sijhawm, txhua qhov kev poob qis tau thawb Russia hloov kho. Thiab twb tau nyob rau xyoo 1877, cov neeg Lavxias tau rov ua lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov neeg txhawb nqa thiab kev tso tawm ntawm cov neeg Orthodox. Cov tub rog Lavxias tau tawm tsam Turkey tom qab kev ua phem ntawm Bulgarians los ntawm Ottomans thaum lub Plaub Hlis Tawm Tsam.

Cov kev sib ntaus sib tua yeej rov qab los rau Bulgarian lub xeev, nthuav thaj tsam ntawm Serbia, Montenegro, Romania. Yog li, yav qab teb Bessarabia, poob tom qab Paris Kev Pom Zoo Daim Ntawv Pom Zoo, tau rov qab los, thiab Qaib Cov Txwv poob nws cov khoom European.

Cov chav Cossack tsis xwm yeem, uas nyob rau hauv cov tub rog niaj hnub raug txiav txim siab tsis muaj kev qhuab qhia, hauv ib zaug muaj peev xwm tshem tawm Turks los ntawm Azov. Tsis muaj kev pab los ntawm pab tub rog Lavxias.