"Tsis muaj kev npau suav, tsis muaj dab tsi tuaj yeem ua tiav hauv lub neej": yuav ua li cas lub voj voog zoo nkauj tshaj plaws los ntawm Vasnetsov tau tshwm sim "Pa

2024 Tus sau: Richard Flannagan | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 00:06

Tej zaum tsis yog ib tus kws kos duab Lavxias ntawm kev tig ntawm XIX-XX ib-paus xyoo. tsis ua rau muaj kev tshuaj xyuas tsis txaus ntseeg txog nws txoj haujlwm li Viktor Vasnetsov: koj puas xav tau ntau tus thwjtim?: nws tau qhuas thiab hu ua tus kws kos duab pej xeem tseeb, lossis raug liam tias "rov qab los thiab tsis pom kev." Xyoo 1905, nws tau tso tseg lub npe ntawm xibfwb ntawm Academy of Arts hauv kev tawm tsam cov tub ntxhais kawm txoj kev txaus siab rau kev nom kev tswv ntau dua li tha xim. Thaum lub sijhawm hloov pauv xyoo Vasnetsov tau tsim nws cov duab zoo nkauj tshaj plaws "Paj huam ntawm Xya Tales" … Hauv nws, nws tau sim ntes uas ploj lawm Russia, tus neeg uas nws xav txog nws tus kheej.

Viktor Vasnetsov tau yug los rau hauv tsev neeg ntawm cov pov thawj hauv lub zos hauv Vyatka xeev, nws loj hlob hauv cov neeg zej zog ib puag ncig thiab txij thaum yau tau raus dej hauv qhov chaw ntawm cov neeg Lavxias qub kev coj noj coj ua. Nws thawj daim duab yog duab piv txwv rau cov paj lug. Folklore rau nws yog qhov piv txwv ntawm qhov tseeb tseem ceeb thiab duab sab ntsuj plig ntawm txhua tus neeg. "Kuv ib txwm tau ntseeg tias cov dab neeg, zaj nkauj, epics cuam tshuam tag nrho cov duab ntawm tib neeg, sab hauv thiab sab nrauv, nrog yav dhau los thiab tam sim no, thiab tej zaum yav tom ntej," tus kws kos duab hais.

Rov qab rau hauv 1860s. tau muaj kev txaus siab ntau ntxiv hauv cov dab neeg ob qho tib si hauv kev tshawb fawb thiab kos duab: nws yog lub sijhawm no uas cov kev tshawb fawb keeb kwm tau tshwm sim, sau cov ncauj lus ntawm pej xeem qhov ncauj tau luam tawm. Repin, Maksimov, Surikov tau sau txog cov ntsiab lus keeb kwm, tab sis Vasnetsov yog thawj tus ntawm cov kws ua yeeb yam tig mus rau zaj dab neeg zoo nkauj thiab dab neeg. Nws tau tsim tag nrho cov haujlwm ntawm "Russia qub", uas nws sib piv hauv kev hloov pauv xyoo mus rau Russia tam sim no, uas nws hu ua "non-Rus", nrog tsab ntawv me.

Tus neeg pleev xim tig mus rau cov neeg tseem ceeb hauv xyoo 1880s, thiab txij xyoo 1900 txog rau thaum nws hnub kawg (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau xyoo 1917-1918) Vasnetsov tau ua haujlwm ntawm kev pleev xim "Paj huam ntawm Xya Tales". Nws suav nrog 7 daim duab: "Tus Ntxhais Huab Tais Tsaug Zog", "Baba Yaga", "Tus Qav Ntxhais Ntxhais", "Kashchei tus tsis txawj tuag", "Ntxhais fuabtais Nesmeyana", "Sivka Burka" thiab "Cov Dav Hlau Dav Hlau". Hauv cov phiaj xwm tsis txaus ntseeg no, tus kws kos duab tab tom nrhiav rau qhov ua piv txwv ntawm cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm lub cim xeeb hauv tebchaws ntawm nws cov neeg, ntawm qhov uas nws tau hais tawm ntawm sab ntsuj plig kom dawb huv, ua siab loj thiab muaj kev hlub.

Vasnetsov zaj dab neeg ua dab neeg yog rau nws tsis yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm kev hais lus pej xeem kos duab, tab sis "kev ua yeeb yam kom nkag siab txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lub neej, kaw los ntawm tib neeg los ntawm daim ntaub thaiv ntawm qhov tseeb." Tus kws kos duab tsis lees txais kev hloov pauv thiab raug kev txom nyem thaum nws saib "Russia qub" tsis ploj mus. Cov dab neeg yog ib hom kev tsiv teb tsaws chaw rau nws. Nws poeticized antiquity, pom nyob rau hauv nws qhov zoo tagnrho, lub neej ntawm uas, hauv nws lub tswv yim, tau hnov qab los ntawm nws cov neeg ib puag ncig. Lub caij no, cov ntawv xov xwm kos duab hu ua Vasnetsov "ib qho kev puas tsuaj rov qab los thiab tsis pom kev."

Cov neeg thuam niaj hnub pom hauv Cov Paj Huam ntawm Xya Fairy Tales sau tseg txog kev ntxhov siab rau Russia thiab nws yav tom ntej. Piv txwv li, tus kws kos duab tau txhais cov dab neeg zaj dab neeg ntawm Tus Poj Niam Tsaug Zog hauv txoj hauv kev tshiab, qhia txog cov xwm txheej ntawm nws qhov kev muaj tiag niaj hnub no. Tus ntxhais pw ntawm Phau Ntawv Pigeon, nto moo rau nws txoj kev twv ua ntej. Thiab hauv cov ntsiab lus no, daim duab ntawm "ntxhais fuabtais tsaug zog" zoo li piv txwv rau lub xeev Lavxias. Ntau tus neeg thuam pom zoo tias tus yeeb yam tseem ceeb ntawm "Poem of Seven Tales" yog Russia - qaug cawv thiab ua phem. Thiab txhua tus neeg nyob hauv nws tsaug zog thiab tsis paub tias muaj dab tsi tshwm sim nyob ib puag ncig.

Nws sau Paj Lug ntawm Xya Tales tsis txhob xaj, tab sis rau nws tus kheej, nws yog nws qhov hluav taws xob thiab ib txoj hauv kev cais nws tus kheej los ntawm lub ntiaj teb sab nraud. Tag nrho cov duab tau nyob hauv tus kws kos duab lub studio, hauv nws lub tsev Moscow, uas zoo li lub pej thuam Lavxias qub (cov neeg hu nws tias - "ntauwd me me"). Lub tsev no tau ua raws nws daim duab, F. Chaliapin tau hais tias nws yog "ntoo khaub lig nruab nrab ntawm tsev pheeb suab ntaub thiab ib lub tsev loj uas nyob puag thaum ub." Xyoo 1953, Vasnetsov House-Museum tau qhib ntawm no. Ntxiv rau cov duab kos thiab kos duab, muaj kev sau cov khoom qub thiab cov cim, uas tus kws kos duab sau tag nrho nws lub neej.

"Tsis muaj paj huam, tsis muaj kev npau suav, tsis muaj ib yam yuav ua tau hauv lub neej," tus kws kos duab tau sib cav thiab ua raws txoj cai no hauv nws txoj haujlwm. Nws daim ntaub thaiv yog lub cim thiab muaj ntau yam zais cia. Vasnetsov "tus phab ej": leej twg tus kws kos duab tau nthuav tawm hauv cov duab nto moo.