Cov tub rog ntawm lub sijhawm Ancient Russia X - XI ib -paus xyoo hauv kev kos duab -rov tsim kho ntawm Oleg Fedorov

2024 Tus sau: Richard Flannagan | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 00:06

Oleg Fedorov cov duab kos yog tsim los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm thiab keeb kwm uas ntseeg tau, ntau ntawm lawv tau tsim los rau cov tsev khaws khoom loj tshaj plaws thiab cov khoom ntiag tug los ntawm Russia, Ukraine thiab lwm lub tebchaws. Peb twb tau tham txog kev rov tsim kho lub qub Lavxias poj niam cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub nyob hauv Fedorov cov xim dej, lub sijhawm no peb yuav tham txog cov tub rog ntawm Ancient Russia.

Druzhina kab lis kev cai nyob rau hauv Ancient Rus tau tsim ua ib txhij nrog rau ancient Russia statehood thiab embodied haiv neeg, kev sib raug zoo thiab nom tswv txheej txheem ntawm 9th - thaum ntxov centuries.

Raws li cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm qhia, Slavs, cov pej xeem tseem ceeb ntawm thaj tsam Lavxias qub, tsis muaj zog hauv cov lus hais txog tub rog. Lawv tsuas yog siv xub, hmuv thiab qag ua riam phom. Qhov xwm txheej tau hloov pauv tom qab qhov hu ua "Rus" tuaj rau thaj tsam ntawm Ancient Rus. Raws li cov kws tshawb fawb, qhov no yog li cas cov tub rog uas tuaj ntawm sab qaum teb Europe tau raug hu nyob rau lub sijhawm puag thaum ub. Nrog rau Rus, cov khoom siv tub rog thiab kev tiv thaiv, nce zuj zus rau lub sijhawm ntawd, kuj tau tshwm sim.

Ntawm cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm, cov menyuam ntaj ntoo thiab lwm yam riam phom "khoom ua si" feem ntau pom. Piv txwv li, hauv Laus Ladoga tau pom ib rab ntaj ntoo uas muaj tes tuav dav txog 5-6 cm thiab tag nrho ntev txog 60 cm, uas sib haum rau tus me nyuam tub xib teg thaum muaj hnub nyoog 6-10 xyoo. Yog li, hauv kev ua si, cov txheej txheem ntawm kev kawm txuj ci uas yuav muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau cov tub rog yav tom ntej hauv cov neeg laus tau tshwm sim.

Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nco ntsoov tias pab tub rog "Lavxias" nyob rau theem pib ntawm nws lub neej tau tawm tsam tshwj xeeb rau ntawm ko taw, uas tau lees paub los ntawm Byzantine thiab Arabic cov ntawv sau los ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd. Thaum xub thawj, cov neeg Lavxias suav tias yog nees tsuas yog txhais tau tias yog kev thauj mus los. Qhov tseeb, tus nees yug nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd nyob hauv Europe tau luv dua, yog li ntawd ntev li ntev los lawv tsis tuaj yeem nqa tus tub rog-caij nrog cov cuab yeej ua rog tag nrho.

Txog thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 10, kev tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm tub rog tau tshwm sim ntau ntxiv ntawm cov tub rog ntawm Rus thiab cov tub rog ntawm Khazar Kaganate, nrog rau Byzantine Empire, uas muaj lub zog thiab tau kawm ua tub rog. Yog li ntawd, twb nyob hauv 944, cov phooj ywg ntawm Tub Vaj Ntxwv Igor hauv kev sib tw tawm tsam Byzantium yog Pechenegs, uas nws cov neeg tawg rog muaj lub teeb horsemen. Nws yog los ntawm Pechenegs uas cov neeg Lavxias pib yuav tshwj xeeb uas tau kawm cov nees rau yam tshiab ntawm pab tub rog. Qhov tseeb, thawj qhov kev sim los ntawm pab tub rog Lavxias hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm tus nees, tau ua tiav hauv 971 ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Dorostol, tau xaus rau qhov tsis ua tiav. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov tsis ua tiav tsis tau tso tseg peb cov poj koob yawm txwv, thiab txij li thaum lawv tseem tsis muaj lawv tus kheej cov tub rog, kev coj ua kom nyiam cov tub rog sib tua ntawm cov nomads tau qhia, uas yog ib feem ntawm pawg neeg Lavxias qub.

Cov tub rog Lavxias qub tau txais yuav tsis yog kev txawj sib ntaus sib tua nees los ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv hav zoov, tab sis tseem qiv cov riam phom thiab cov khaub ncaws yam ntxwv ntawm "nees caij" kev coj noj coj ua. Nws yog lub sijhawm ntawd uas sabers, lub kaus mom hlau kheej kheej, tassels, caftans, tashki hnab, nyo nyo hau nyo hau thiab lwm yam khoom siv ntawm tus neeg caij tsheb thiab nruab tus nees tau tshwm sim hauv tebchaws Russia. Cov lus caftan, lub tsho plaub, feryaz, sarafan yog nyob sab hnub tuaj (Turkic, Iranian, Arabic) keeb kwm, uas, pom tseeb, cuam tshuam txog keeb kwm ntawm cov khoom lawv tus kheej.

Coj mus rau hauv tus account qhov tseeb tias feem ntau ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Ancient Russia Cov huab cua huab cua tau hnyav heev, cov kws sau keeb kwm qhia tias ntaub ntaub tuaj yeem siv tau thaum xaws khaub ncaws Lavxias. "Lawv muab tso rau hauv hnab ris, leggings, khau looj plab hlaub, lub tsho, thiab daim tiab caftan nrog cov nyees khawm kub, thiab tso lub kaus mom sable brocade rau ntawm nws lub taub hau" - qhov no yog li cas Arab cov neeg taug kev thiab tus kws sau keeb kwm ntawm xyoo pua Ibn Fadlan piav txog lub ntees tuag. los ntawm ib tug noble Rus. Kev hnav cov ris ntev nthuav dav ntawm lub hauv caug los ntawm cov neeg Lavxias tau hais, tshwj xeeb, los ntawm Arab keeb kwm keeb kwm ntawm pib ntawm xyoo pua 10 Ibn Rust.

Hauv qee qhov kev faus neeg tub rog ntawm Russia puag thaum ub, nyiaj, dai kom zoo nkauj nrog cov ntaub plaub thiab cov noob, cov kaus mom conical tau pom, uas tau suav hais tias yog qhov kawg ntawm lub taub hau zoo li lub hau nrog lub pluab plaub. Cov kws tshawb fawb sib cav tias qhov no yog qhov ua tau "Lavxias lub kaus mom" ua los ntawm tus tswv ntawm Rus qub saib, cov duab uas feem ntau yuav yog rau kev coj noj coj ua.

Qhov yuav tsum tau ua kom muaj kev tawm tsam feem ntau tawm tsam cov neeg hneev taw hnyav hnyav ua rau cov tub rog caij nees tau hloov pauv hauv riam phom Lavxias mus rau qhov pom kev yooj yim dua thiab yooj yim dua. Yog li ntawd, thaum xub thawj, cov riam phom European (Varangian) tag nrho ntawm pab pawg Lavxias thaum lub sijhawm tawm tsam Byzantium maj mam tau txais cov yam ntxwv zoo li qub: Cov ntaj Scandinavian tau hloov pauv los ntawm sabers, cov tub rog tau txav los ntawm rooks mus rau nees, thiab txawm tias muaj cov tub rog hnyav hnyav, uas thaum kawg tau dhau mus thoob plaws hauv Tebchaws Europe, tsis muaj kev sib piv hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov tub rog Lavxias thaum ub.

Peb pom zoo kom nyeem ntxiv:

-, kos duab-rov tsim kho ntawm Oleg Fedorov;

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