Daim card ntawm "tiag tiag" Renaissance nrag
Daim card ntawm "tiag tiag" Renaissance nrag

Video: Daim card ntawm "tiag tiag" Renaissance nrag

Video: Daim card ntawm
Video: Saib Mis paub Poj niam (hluas nkauj) tus yam ntxwv lub siab - YouTube 2024, Tej zaum
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Portrait ntawm Arnolfini ob peb. Jan van Eyck, 1434
Portrait ntawm Arnolfini ob peb. Jan van Eyck, 1434

Thaum saib cov duab kev rov tsim dua tshiab, ib tus tsis tuaj yeem tab sis qhuas qhov tseeb ntawm kab, cov xim zoo nkauj thiab, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, qhov tsis txaus ntseeg tiag tiag ntawm cov duab sib kis. Cov kws tshawb fawb niaj hnub no tau xav tsis thoob tias cov tswv ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd tau tsim los tsim cov txuj ci zoo li cas, vim tias tsis muaj ntawv sau pov thawj ntawm qhov nyuaj thiab zais cia ntawm cov txheej txheem kev ua haujlwm sab laug. Tus kws kos duab Askiv thiab kws yees duab David Hockney lees tias tau daws qhov paub tsis meej ntawm cov kws kos duab Renaissance uas tuaj yeem pleev xim "nyob". Yog tias peb sib piv lub sijhawm sib txawv hauv keeb kwm ntawm kev pleev xim, nws pom tseeb tias thaum lub sijhawm Renaissance (tig ntawm XIV-XV ib puas xyoo) cov duab "dheev" dhau los ua qhov tseeb ntau dua li ua ntej. Saib lawv, nws zoo li cov cim tab tom yuav tshee hnyo, thiab lub hnub ci yuav ua si ntawm cov khoom.

Cov lus nug qhia nws tus kheej: Puas yog cov kws ua yeeb yam Renaissance tam sim kawm paub kos duab zoo dua, thiab cov duab tha xim pib tig los ua ntau dua? Tus kws kos duab nto moo, tus kws kos duab thiab kws yees duab David Hockney (David hockney).

Portrait ntawm Arnolfini ob peb. Jan van Eyck, 1434
Portrait ntawm Arnolfini ob peb. Jan van Eyck, 1434

Hauv txoj kev tshawb fawb no, nws tau pab los ntawm daim duab los ntawm Jan van Eyck "Portrait ntawm Arnolfini ob peb" … Ntau cov ntsiab lus nthuav tuaj yeem pom ntawm daim ntaub, thiab nws tau pleev xim rau xyoo 1434. Kev saib xyuas tshwj xeeb tau kos rau daim iav ntawm phab ntsa thiab tswm ciab ntawm lub qab nthab, uas zoo nkaus li muaj tiag tiag. David Hockney tswj kom tuav tuav lub tswm ciab zoo sib xws thiab sim kos nws. Ntau rau tus kws kos duab xav tsis thoob, nws tau dhau los ua qhov nyuaj rau piav qhia yam khoom no hauv qhov kev xav, thiab txawm tias qhov ci ntawm lub teeb yuav tsum tau nthuav tawm kom pom tseeb tias nws yog qhov ci ntawm hlau. Los ntawm txoj kev, ua ntej Renaissance, tsis muaj leej twg coj cov duab ci ci rau ntawm cov hlau.

Portrait ntawm Arnolfini ob peb. Fragment: tswm ciab. Jan van Eyck, 1434
Portrait ntawm Arnolfini ob peb. Fragment: tswm ciab. Jan van Eyck, 1434

Thaum tus qauv peb-dimensional ntawm lub tswm ciab tau rov ua dua, Hockney tau ua kom ntseeg tau tias Van Eyck cov duab tha xim nws pom hauv qhov kev xav nrog ib qho uas ploj lawm. Tab sis qhov ntes tau yog tias tsis muaj lub koob yees duab obscura nrog lub lens (lub cuab yeej kho qhov muag uas koj tuaj yeem tsim qhov projection) nyob rau xyoo pua 15th.

David Hockney. Kev sim tswm ciab
David Hockney. Kev sim tswm ciab

David Hockney xav tsis thoob li cas Van Eyck tswj kom ua tiav qhov tseeb hauv nws cov duab. Tab sis muaj ib hnub nws tau kos xim rau daim duab ntawm daim iav hauv daim duab. Nws yog convex. Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias nyob rau cov hnub ntawd cov iav tau muab sib dhos, vim cov kws txawj ntse tseem tsis tau paub yuav ua li cas "ua kua nplaum" daim kab xev rau sab hauv ntawm lub khob. Txhawm rau kom tau daim iav nyob rau xyoo pua 15th, cov tshuaj yaj yeeb yaj kiab tau nchuav rau hauv lub khob iav, thiab tom qab ntawd sab saum toj raug txiav tawm, tawm hauv qab nkhaus hauv qab. David Hockney pom tau hais tias Van Eyck siv daim iav nkhaus los ntawm qhov uas nws ntsia los kos cov khoom raws li qhov tseeb.

Portrait ntawm Arnolfini ob peb. Fragment: daim iav. Jan van Eyck, 1434
Portrait ntawm Arnolfini ob peb. Fragment: daim iav. Jan van Eyck, 1434
Tshaj tawm ntawm kev hlub (Rampant kws ua zaub mov). Peter Gerritz van Roestraten, c. 1665-1670
Tshaj tawm ntawm kev hlub (Rampant kws ua zaub mov). Peter Gerritz van Roestraten, c. 1665-1670

Hauv xyoo 1500, cov kws txawj ua haujlwm tau kawm ua cov iav loj, zoo. Lawv tau muab tso rau hauv lub koob yees duab obscura, uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm kom tau txais qhov projection ntawm txhua qhov loj me. Qhov no yog kev hloov pauv tiag tiag hauv kev siv duab thev naus laus zis tiag tiag. Tab sis feem ntau ntawm cov neeg hauv cov duab "ua" sab laug. Qhov ntawd yog qhov kev qhia ncaj qha ntawm lub lens thaum siv lub koob yees duab pinhole tau tsom iav. Hauv Pieter Gerritsz van Roestraten's "Kev Tshaj Tawm ntawm Kev Hlub (Rampant Chef)", sau ib puag ncig 1665-1670, cov cim yog txhua tus sab laug. Ib tug txiv neej thiab poj niam tab tom tuav lub khob thiab lub raj mis hauv lawv txhais tes laug, tus txiv neej laus nyob hauv keeb kwm yav dhau los tseem tuav lawv nrog nws tus ntiv tes laug ib yam. Txawm tias tus liab siv nws lub paw sab laug los saib hauv qab tus poj niam hnav khaub ncaws.

Los ntawm sab laug mus rau sab xis: Anthea. Parmigianino, kwv yees. 1537; Poj niam Genovese. Anthony Van Dyck, 1626; Neeg Laus. Georges de La Ncig saib
Los ntawm sab laug mus rau sab xis: Anthea. Parmigianino, kwv yees. 1537; Poj niam Genovese. Anthony Van Dyck, 1626; Neeg Laus. Georges de La Ncig saib

Txhawm rau kom tau txais qhov tseeb, cov duab sib npaug, nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua kom pom tseeb daim iav uas lub lens tau qhia. Tab sis tsis yog txhua tus kws ua yeeb yam tau ua tiav qhov no zoo kawg nkaus, thiab muaj ob peb tsom iav zoo thaum ntawd. Vim li no, hauv qee daim duab koj tuaj yeem pom qhov sib piv tsis tau hwm: lub taub hau me me, lub xub pwg loj lossis ob txhais ceg.

Madonna ntawm Chancellor Nicolas Rolen. Jan van Eyck, 1435
Madonna ntawm Chancellor Nicolas Rolen. Jan van Eyck, 1435

Kev siv cov cuab yeej kho qhov muag los ntawm cov kws ua yeeb yam tsis muaj txoj hauv kev txo lawv cov txuj ci. Ua tsaug rau qhov ua tiav qhov tseeb ntawm cov duab ntawm Renaissance, cov neeg niaj hnub niaj hnub tam sim no paub tias tib neeg thiab cov khoom siv hauv tsev zoo li cas.

Cov neeg ua yeeb yam hauv Medieval tau sim tsis tsuas yog ua kom tiav qhov tseeb hauv lawv cov duab, tab sis kuj tseem zais cov cim tshwj xeeb hauv lawv. Yog li, Titian cov txuj ci zoo kawg nkaus "Kev Hlub Saum Ntuj Ceeb Tsheej thiab Kev Hlub Hauv Ntiaj Teb" zais nws tus kheej ntau yam cim qhia tsis pub lwm tus paub.

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