5 zoo-khaws cia medieval castles uas tuaj yeem tuaj xyuas hnub no

2024 Tus sau: Richard Flannagan | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 00:06

Lub tsev fuabtais yog ib lub cim tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm cov neeg European thiab Asian. Thiab sai li sai tau nws los rau hauv lub tsev fuabtais, cov duab ntawm cov ntxhais huab tais, cov tub rog, nees, zaj thiab lwm yam tsiaj nyob hauv lawv tam sim ntawd tshwm rau hauv kuv lub taub hau. Tab sis tsawg tus neeg paub txog vim li cas, qhov tseeb, cov tsev fuabtais tau tsim, lawv zoo li cas thiab vim li cas lawv thiaj li tseem ceeb thoob plaws keeb kwm.

Thoob ntiaj teb, cov tsev fuabtais feem ntau tau tsim los rau ob lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb: los tiv thaiv thiab ua rau muaj kev zoo siab: los ntawm cov kauv staircases ua los pab txhawb qhovntsej thiaj tsis mob thiab muab qhov kom zoo dua hauv kev sib ntaus thaum muaj kev tawm tsam, rau kev sib ntaus sib tua uas tso cai rau cov hneev tua hluav taws los ntawm npog. nyuab nyuab thiab labyrinthine ditches, phab ntsa thiab kab lus tsim los ua rau cov yeeb ncuab tsis meej pem. Cov vaj tsev ntawm txhua lub tsev fuabtais tau tsim thiab tsim kom tiv taus txhua yam kev tawm tsam. Sib nrug los ntawm lub hom phiaj tiv thaiv, cov tsev fuabtais tau ua lub tsev rau tsev neeg muaj koob muaj npe, cov tub rog tseem ceeb thiab cov thawj coj uas nyob hauv lawv. Ob sab hauv thiab tawm, lub tsev fuabtais tau muab kev pom zoo nkauj zoo nkauj rau nws cov tswv muaj zog thiab ua rau cov qhua txaus siab uas tuaj ntsib.

1. Marksburg Tsev fuabtais

Tsev fuabtais Marksburg, nyob hauv Braubach, Lub Tebchaws Yelemees, yog lub tsev fuabtais qub txeeg qub teg zoo tshaj plaws hauv tebchaws Yelemes. Nws sawv ntawm toj ib sab ntawm tus dej Rhine, uas ntws hla sab qaum teb sab hnub poob Yelemes. Lub tsev fuabtais no yog ib ntawm kaum ob lub tswv yim tsim los ntawm tus dej no. Qhov no tau ua tiav rau ob qhov laj thawj: siv cov peev txheej dej hauv ntuj, thiab tswj hwm thiab faib cov peev txheej no los ntawm cov neeg dawb huv los ntawm kev sau se. Lub tsev fuabtais tau tsim tsa qhov kawg ntawm lub sijhawm Romanesque (1225-1250), nrog kev tsim vaj tsev ntxiv rau xyoo pua 18th.

Marksburg muaj lub tsev loj, chav ua noj, ib lub tsev teev ntuj, tiv thaiv kab thiab phab ntsa, lub qhov taub, roj teeb loj thiab me me, Hexsengarten (vaj dab) thiab ntau chav pw. Lub tsev fuabtais tau nyob ntawm tus tswv ntawm cov neeg muaj nyiaj muaj txiaj ntsig zoo thiab pob ntseg, los ntawm Epsteins nyob rau nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 13th mus rau suav ntawm Katzenelnbogen hauv 1283-1479 thiab Landgraves of Hesse nyob rau xyoo lig 15th. Tom qab ntawd nws tau siv los ua tsev loj cuj thiab poob mus rau qhov tsis zoo rau ntau pua xyoo. Txawm li cas los xij, txawm tias muaj kev tsov kev rog ntau heev thiab kev tawm tsam ntau xyoo, Marksburg yeej tsis poob thiab mus txog niaj hnub no khaws nws cov kev tsim vaj tsev nruab nrab thiab cov yam ntxwv zoo.

Ntawm kev coj mus ncig ntawm lub tsev fuabtais, cov neeg tuaj saib tuaj yeem pom lub tsev loj, teeb tsa raws li nws yuav yog rau lub tsiab peb caug ntawm cov neeg nplua nuj pob ntseg yuav luag cuaj puas xyoo dhau los, nrog rau cov nroj tsuag tshuaj ntsuab loj hlob hauv Lub Vaj ntawm Witches ntawm ib sab ntawm lub tsev fuabtais saib Rhine. Cov twj paj nruag nruab nrab xws li lub cev sawv ntsug hauv lub tsev loj, npaj ua si, thaum cov ntaub pua tsev nrog cov qauv millefleur dai rau chav pw.

2. Alhambra Tsev fuabtais

Alhambra, lossis "Red Castle", nyob hauv Granada, Spain. Nws lub npe yuav raug tshoov siab los ntawm qhov pom ntawm lub tsev fuabtais, uas tau tsim los ntawm tabia, ib hom av nplaum nrog lub suab liab. Lub Alhambra tau tsim nyob rau xyoo pua 13th thiab xav tias yuav yog lub tsev ntawm kev muaj peev xwm nyob ntawm lub tsev hais plaub ntawm Granada. Thaum nws tau tsim ua thawj zaug rau kev ua tub rog, lub tsev fuabtais medieval tau dhau los ua ib lub tsev zoo nkauj tshaj plaws nyob hauv Nrab Hnub nyoog. Los ntawm cov phab ntsa liab liab mus rau Moorish architecture, mus rau vaj lub vaj thiab Dej Darro ntws nrog nws txhua qhov, Alhambra yog lub tsiab peb caug tiag rau lub qhov muag.

Alhambra tsis yog ib lub tsev nkaus xwb, tab sis yog qhov nyuaj loj. Nws muaj tsawg kawg peb lub tsev, cov tsev teev ntuj, vaj, tsev zoo siab, chav da dej, chaw ua si rau tus saib xyuas muaj koob muaj npe, chaw rau tsev hais plaub, thiab cov khw yuav khoom. Txhua yam no yog ib puag ncig los ntawm phab ntsa. Thawj lub palace tau tsim los ntawm Muhammad I ntawm Granada, uas yog tus tsim ntawm Nasrid dynasty. Muhammad cov xeeb ntxwv yuav txuas ntxiv nthuav nws lub tsev qub, ua rau Alhambra nws yog dab tsi niaj hnub no. Lub tsev fuabtais yog lub tsev ntawm Nasrid tsev neeg kom txog thaum 1492, thaum Granada swb los ntawm Isabella I ntawm Castile thiab Ferdinand II ntawm Aragon, hloov dab tsi yog thaum ntawd Islamic Spain mus rau Catholicism.

Tej zaum qhov pom tau zoo tshaj plaws ntawm Alhambra yog Moorish architecture. Txij li Nasrid tsev neeg yog neeg Muslim, lub tsev fuabtais, cov tsev teev ntuj thiab txawm tias chav pw tau tsim nyob rau hauv cov qauv Islamic medieval. Qhov rooj thiab txoj kev hauv tsev yuav zoo li muaj cov cim taw qhia rau saum, thiab ntau chav tau npog nrog cov plag tsev hauv pem teb-rau-qab nthab raws phab ntsa. Hauv kev kos duab Islamic, cov duab ntawm txhua yam raug suav hais tias yog kev thuam, yog li hauv mosques cov phab ntsa tau hloov pauv nrog cov lus los ntawm Kaulees. Ib qho ntxiv, cov duab geometric zoo nkauj thiab cov paj tau tsim cov nyhuv kaleidoscope nrog nws cov xim zoo nkauj thiab rov ua cov qauv.

3. Bran Tsev fuabtais

Tej zaum lub tsev fuabtais medieval tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm cov npe no yog Bran Castle. Txawm hais tias nws tsis yog lub tsev ntawm vampires thiab suav ntshav ntshav (tsis sib xws rau kev ntseeg, Vlad the Impaler yeej tsis nyob hauv Bran Castle), nws muaj ntau pua xyoo ntawm cov dab neeg uas txuas ntxiv mus rau niaj hnub no. Thawj lub chaw tiv thaiv ib ntus tau tsim ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub tsev fuabtais tam sim no hauv 1211 los ntawm Teutonic knights. Ntau tshaj li ib puas xyoo tom qab, Saxons nyob hauv Transylvania pib tsim lub tsev fuabtais hauv 1377, thiab kaum ib xyoos tom qab ntawd lub tsev fuabtais tau ua tiav thiab ua haujlwm tau zoo.

Txog li ib puas xyoo, lub tsev fuabtais tau ua haujlwm tswj ciam teb ntawm ciam teb sab hnub tuaj ntawm Transylvania. Cov uas xav ua lag luam ntawm cov tebchaws nyob sib ze yuav tsum xub hla dhau lub tsev fuabtais, qhov uas nws yuav tau txais peb feem pua ntawm cov khoom lag luam pauv. Nws tseem ua raws li lub chaw tiv thaiv, tuav rov qab Ottomans thiab lawv cov kev npaj nthuav mus rau hauv Transylvanian thaj chaw. Tus tswv uas raug xaiv los ua tus saib xyuas txhua txoj haujlwm no, nrog rau nws tsev neeg, cov tub qhe thiab cov saib xyuas, nyob hauv lub tsev fuabtais.

Tsev fuabtais Bran tau siv los ua chaw ua lag luam thiab muaj hwj chim tswj kav rau ntau dua xya puas xyoo. Nyob rau lub sijhawm no, cov tsev fuabtais medieval tau hloov pauv ntau yam raws li qhov xav tau ntawm cov neeg nyob tam sim no. Qhov chaw ntawm Gothic tsev fuabtais nyob saum lub pob tsuas tsim tsis tau tsuas yog cov duab zoo nkauj xwb, tabsis tseem yog txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb tub rog. Lub tsev fuabtais nce siab dua, nrog rau tag nrho plaub plag tsev, lub qhov taub thiab ntau lub yees. Sab hauv lub tsev fuabtais muaj chav pw, chav ua noj, lub vaj uas muaj tsib caug-xya metres tob tob, chav noj mov, chav nyob, chav nkauj thiab ntau ntxiv. Vim tias lub tsev fuabtais tau siv los ua chaw nyob mus txog rau thaum nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua nees nkaum, feem ntau ntawm sab hauv yog ib nrab niaj hnub no. Txawm li cas los xij, ntau yam ntawm cov khoom thiab rooj tog zaum ntawm cov khoom tuaj yeem sau tau ntau pua xyoo dhau los, thiab lub hauv paus nruab nrab nruab nrab thiab pob txha ntawm lub tsev fuabtais tseem nyob hauv qab qhov chaw.

4. Himeji Castle

Kev ua haujlwm dhau ib lub sijhawm Nyij Pooj keeb kwm uas tau muaj kev tsov kev rog, pej xeem samurai, thiab kev tsis sib haum xeeb, Himeji Castle hauv Himeji, Nyij Pooj tau tsim los tiv ntau kev tawm tsam. Tseeb, Tsev fuabtais Dawb Heron, zoo li nws qee zaum hu rau nws lub ru tsev zoo li lub ru tsev thiab phab ntsa dawb, tseem sawv nrog nws cov hauv paus nruab nrab nruab nrab tseem tsis tau ua tiav. Nws tau dim ntawm kev sib cav sib ceg ntawm lub sijhawm Muromachi, kev foob pob ntawm Himeji thaum Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob, thiab txawm tias muaj av qeeg loj heev. Lub tsev fuabtais medieval nws tus kheej, ua los ntawm ntoo thiab plaster, nce saum plaub plag tsev ntawm lub hauv paus pob zeb ruaj khov, uas nws tus kheej yog siab dua hauv pem teb.

Txawm hais tias Himeji Castle tau xub tsim los tiv thaiv thiab tiv thaiv, nws kuj tseem yog lub cim ntawm kev muaj hwj chim tswjfwm rau cov neeg uas nyob ntawd. Thawj tus qauv ntawm lub xaib no tau tsim xyoo 1333 los ntawm samurai Akamatsu Norima, uas tau raug xaiv los ua tus tswv xeev ntawm xeev Harima los ntawm Shogun Ashikaga Takauji. Thawj lub fort no tau raug rhuav tshem los ntawm Norima tus tub, uas tom qab ntawd tau tsim lub tsev fuabtais tshiab hauv xyoo 1346. Lub tsev fuabtais tam sim no, uas peb pom niaj hnub no, tau tsim xyoo 1580 los ntawm Toyotomi Hideyoshi, thiab nyob rau tiam 17th century Ikeda Terumasa tau kho kho loj hauv nws.

Txawm hais tias Himeji Castle yeej tsis dhau los ua qhov chaw ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua keeb kwm uas nws tau ua tiav zoo thiab yog tias raug ໂຈມ ຕີ lossis raug kaw, nws yuav nyuaj heev rau ntes. Lub tsev fuabtais medieval tau tsim nrog labyrinths ntawm cov ntawv uas tau paub zoo tsuas yog rau cov neeg nyob hauv, thiab txhua tus neeg txawv tebchaws tuaj txeeb tau tam sim ntawd ploj lossis raug kaw hauv nws cov phab ntsa. Kuj tseem muaj ntau qhov ntxiab thiab qhov chaw zais cia uas cov neeg tiv thaiv tuaj yeem tawm tsam sai sai.

Nyob rau lub sijhawm no, rau lub tsev fuabtais zoo li no, tsis tsuas yog xav tau kev tiv thaiv zoo, tab sis kuj yog nws qhov zoo nkauj. Cov samurai thiab shogunate muaj nuj nqis hauv chav kawm thiab ua kom zoo dua li muaj peev xwm ua tub rog. Qhov zoo no tau tshwm sim hauv cov ntoo ntoo nyuaj ntawm lub tsev fuabtais, uas yog piv txwv ntawm cov txheej txheem Nyij Pooj ntawm kev koom nrog thiab txhawb nqa. Ib qho ntxiv, cov neeg uas nyob hauv lub tsev fuabtais tau nthuav tawm lawv cov ntawv dai dai, sau ntawv, quav cov ntxaij vab tshaus thiab nthuav cov cuab yeej ua rog thiab riam phom los qhia txog lub zog, muaj nyiaj txiag thiab saj zoo.

5. Tsev fuabtais Banratty

Nyob hauv Shannon, Ireland, Tsev fuabtais Banratty nce siab dua saum cov ntub dej thiab ib puag ncig ib puag ncig. Lub luag haujlwm ntawm lub tsev fuabtais medieval no tau hloov pauv ntau zaus, tab sis nws feem ntau yog ua lub cim ntawm kev tsis ncaj ncees hauv tebchaws Ireland, thawj zaug los ntawm Vikings thiab tom qab ntawd los ntawm Askiv. Txawm li cas los xij, los ntawm 1425 txog rau thaum reign Henry VIII lig lig 15th thiab thaum ntxov xyoo pua 16th, Banratty Castle yog lub tsev rau ob ntawm cov neeg muaj zog tshaj plaws hauv haiv neeg Irish hauv Munster: McNamara tsev neeg thiab O'Brien tsev neeg. Lub tsev fuabtais tam sim no uas peb pom niaj hnub no tau tsim los ntawm McNamara tsev neeg nyob rau xyoo 1425, thiab O'Briens tau teeb tsa lub vaj loj thiab zoo nkauj nyob ib puag ncig lub tsev fuabtais.

Peb-zaj dab neeg Banratty Castle muaj chav pw, chaw ua haujlwm, chav ua noj thiab hauv qab daus. Qee yam ntawm cov rooj tog zaum tam sim no yog suav suav Thomond (cov xeeb ntxwv ntawm O'Briens uas tau cog lus ncaj ncees rau Askiv) ntawm lub xyoo pua 16th. Tej zaum chav zoo nkauj tshaj plaws hauv tsev fuabtais yog Great Hall. Cov rooj ntev thiab cov rooj zaum sawv ntsug raws txoj kev hauv tsev, thaum lub rooj tseem ceeb tau teeb tsa kab rov tav nyob tom qab ntawm chav. Lub rooj tau hlua nrog cov rooj zaum ntoo siab txhawb nqa, thiab ntau lub taub hau loj loj dai rau ntawm phab ntsa, nrog rau cov ntaub pua tsev thiab riam phom. Cov rooj noj mov tseem ceeb, rooj sab laj rooj sab laj thiab rooj tshoob lom zem tau muaj nyob hauv chav no.

Hnub no Irish chij ya saum lub tsev fuabtais medieval, thiab txhua tus tuaj yeem nce lub kauv ntaiv kom pom qhov pom los ntawm saum toj no. Tsev fuabtais Banratty tseem muaj cov xwm txheej rov tshwm sim xws li kev ua koob tsheej hauv Great Hall. Lub nroog Banratty muaj cov neeg hnav khaub ncaws qub uas yuav qhia rau cov neeg ncig tebchaws txog ntau pua xyoo keeb kwm los ntawm kev ci cov mov ci, ntaus nkauj paj nruag lossis taug kev lawv cov hma hla lub zos medieval.

Nyeem ntxiv txog qhov twg koj tuaj yeem ntsib tus ntsuj plig ntawm tus tub huabtais Nyij Pooj thiab dab tsi yog cov tsev ntoo qub tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb.