Rau lub npe nto moo ntawm Russia uas muaj keeb kwm yuam kev hauv thaj tsam ntawm stavrography

2024 Tus sau: Richard Flannagan | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 00:06

Cov keeb kwm keeb kwm thiab keeb kwm, zoo li lub teeb pom kev zoo, ua kom pom cov cim tseem ceeb hauv keeb kwm ntawm lub xeev, ceeb toom tib neeg txog hnub tseem ceeb thiab xwm txheej. Qee zaum, thaum tsim cov duab puab, cov kws sau ntawv ua yuam kev cuam tshuam nrog kev txhob txwm txhais dawb lossis tsis muaj peev xwm zoo ib yam. Niaj hnub no peb yuav txiav txim siab ntau lub monuments Lavxias uas muaj keeb kwm yuam kev hauv thaj tsam ntawm stavrography.

Ua ntej tshaj plaws, nws yuav tsum tau piav qhia meej tias qhov no yog kev tsim keeb kwm kev qhuab qhia cuam tshuam nrog kev kawm txog kev kos duab thiab keeb kwm ntawm kev ntseeg Vajtswv. Ntawm tus ntoo khaub lig raws li ib qho ntawm cov cim kev ntseeg tseem ceeb. Tam sim no, hauv tebchaws Russia muaj ntau tus kws tshawb fawb, cov thawj coj kev ntseeg thiab tshawb nrhiav yooj yim uas koom nrog kev txhim kho stavrography, sau cov ntawv qhia kev kawm ntawm lub ncauj lus no thiab tseem tshaj tawm phau ntawv teev npe.

Peb txiav txim siab los txiav txim siab los ntawm qhov pom ntawm kev tshawb fawb stavrographic qee qhov paub zoo txog keeb kwm Lavxias tau mob siab rau keeb kwm tus kheej thiab cov xwm txheej zoo, thiab pom ntau qhov tsis txaus ntseeg uas tsis txaus ntseeg.

Monument rau pej xeem Minin thiab Tub Vaj Ntxwv Pozharsky hauv Moscow

Raws li nws muab tawm, kev ua yuam kev hauv kev tsim cov monuments tshwm sim tsis yog hauv peb lub sijhawm xwb. Lub monument rau Citizen Minin thiab Tub Vaj Ntxwv Pozharsky, tsim los ntawm kws kes duab vajtse Ivan Martos, tau nthuav tawm zoo nyob rau Red Square hauv Moscow rov qab rau xyoo 1818. Lub tsev teev ntuj, tsim nrog cov nyiaj pej xeem, tau mob siab rau cov thawj coj ntawm Cov Tib Neeg Zaum Ob nyob rau xyoo 1612, nrog rau qhov kawg ntawm Lub Sijhawm Teeb Meem thiab tshem tawm ntawm cov neeg pab cuam Polish los ntawm Russia.

Minin muaj tus ntoo khaub lig pectoral ntawm nws lub hauv siab, uas tshwm sim tsawg kawg ob puas xyoo tom qab thiab tsis tuaj yeem nrog nws nyob hauv nws lub neej.

Nws paub tias thaum ua haujlwm ntawm cov duab puab, nws cov tub tso rau Martos. Tej zaum tus ntoo khaub lig piav qhia ntawm Minin lub hauv siab kuj yog tus sau tus tub, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog txij li kev sib tham ntawm tus ntoo khaub lig - xyoo pua puv 19 yog qhov tsim nyog raws li lub sijhawm.

Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no tsis yog qhov xwm txheej nkaus xwb nrog Minin tus ntoo khaub lig, tus ntoo khaub lig sab saud uas rau qee qhov laj thawj tau piav qhia rau sab xis. Vim li cas rau qhov no tseem tsis tau paub.

Monument rau Ivan Qhov txaus ntshai hauv Oryol

Lub monument rau Ivan Vasilyevich, tsis ntev los no nthuav tawm hauv Oryol, ua rau muaj kev kub ntxhov rau pej xeem kev sib cav txawm tias ua ntej kev teeb tsa, txawm hais tias qhov no, feem ntau ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv Oryol tau pom zoo rau kev teeb tsa cov duab puab. Tsis tau tham txog cov teeb meem kev nom tswv thiab kev sib raug zoo cuam tshuam nrog daim duab ntawm Tsar Ivan the Terrible, cia peb txiav txim siab lub monument los ntawm qhov pom ntawm stavrography, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog txij li lub monument tau dai kom zoo nkauj nrog ob tus ntoo khaub lig nthuav qhia ib zaug.

Thaum lub sijhawm kav ntawm Ivan qhov txaus ntshai, thaj chaw ntawm Lavxias lub xeev yuav luag ob npaug. Tom qab kev nthuav dav ntawm lub teb chaws tus ciam teb, ciam teb ntawm cov ntseeg kev ntseeg kuj nthuav dav. Tus ntoo khaub lig nyob rau sab tes xis ntawm tsar piav qhia John Vasilyevich ua kev cai raus dej ntawm thaj av tshiab. Hmoov tsis zoo, cov neeg tsim khoom ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj tau teb rau qhov kev piav qhia ntawm lub cim no ywj pheej, muab rau tsar tus ntoo khaub lig sib tham txij li 19-20 xyoo pua. nrog lub sijhawm sib txawv tsawg kawg 300 xyoo.

Nws tau paub tias rau tag nrho nws qhov kev tsis sib haum xeeb, Ivan the Terrible yog tus txiv neej siab phem heev. Tej zaum yog vim li no, lwm tus pectoral cross dai saum huab tais cov khaub ncaws. Tab sis tus sau ntawm lub monument tseem tsis tau pom lub cim, piav qhia txog hom ntoo khaub lig ntau ntawm 17-18 xyoo pua, hais los ntawm cov neeg sau ua "lub kauj tsheb". Lub sijhawm no kev kis tus kabmob yog 150-200 xyoo.

Monument rau Grand Duke John III hauv cheeb tsam Kaluga

Hauv xyoo 2017, ib lub monument rau Grand Duke John III tau qhib rau thaj tsam ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej nyob hauv Kaluga St. Tikhon Hermitage. Txawm hais tias rau cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm nws tau nyob ntev hauv tus duab ntxoov ntxoo ntawm nws tus tub xeeb ntxwv Ivan the Terrible, nyob rau xyoo tsis ntev los no tau muaj kev rov tshuaj xyuas qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua ntawm John III, uas coj mus rau kev koom ua ke ntawm cov thawj coj tawg thiab nce ntawm Muscovite Rus, uas tau tso lub hauv paus rau kev txhim kho yav tom ntej ntawm ib lub xeev muaj zog.

Tus sau ntawm lub monument adorned daim duab ntawm Grand Duke nrog tus ntoo khaub lig pectoral zoo nkauj, tab sis … niaj hnub. Hauv lub xyoo pua 15th, pectoral crosses saib txawv., thiab cov ntoo khaub lig loj li no tsis muaj nyob. Yuam kev hauv 500 xyoo.

Monument rau Tsar Fyodor Ioannovich hauv Belgorod

Niaj hnub Belgorod tshuav nws cov tsos nyob rau hauv ntau qhov kev hwm rau qhov kawg ntawm Rurik dynasty, Tsar Fyodor Ioannovich, uas thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 16th hais kom tsim cov kab thais los ntawm Lavxias fortresses ntawm txoj kev ntawm kev tua ntawm Crimean Tatars. Hauv xyoo 2016, lub tsev teev ntuj tau teeb tsa ntawm txoj kev hauv plawv nroog, piav qhia txog kev muaj vaj huam sib luag, uas zaum ntawm lub zwm txwv nrog cov cim ntawm lub zog hauv nws txhais tes thiab saib zoo rau qhov deb.

Lub tswv yim ntawm lub monument yog qhov zoo nkauj thiab lub cim, tab sis txawm nyob ntawm no nws tsis yog tsis muaj qhov yuam kev stavrographic. Ntawm lub caj dab ntawm Fyodor Ioannovich dai tus ntoo khaub lig pectoral, uas tsis muaj qhov tseeb keeb kwm sib piv. Qhov no yog tej zaum cov txiv ntoo ntawm tus neeg sau txoj kev xav, tejzaum nws ua raws qhov kev xav ntawm kev hla niaj hnub no ntawm 19th thiab 20th xyoo pua.

Monuments rau Tub Vaj Ntxwv Vladimir hauv Smolensk thiab Moscow

Hauv tebchaws Russia, tsawg kawg kaum peb lub monuments rau Tub Vaj Ntxwv Vladimir tau teeb tsa, thiab hauv ntiaj teb no muaj kwv yees li ntawm nees nkaum ntawm lawv, suav nrog kev suav sau cov duab puab ua ntej. Feem ntau ntawm lawv, cov lus nug ntawm stavrography raug kho dawb, tab sis hnub no peb yuav txiav txim siab tsuas yog ob ntawm lawv - hauv Smolensk thiab Moscow.

Qhov tseeb yog tias ntawm ob lub monuments, Tub Vaj Ntxwv Vladimir, txawm hais tias muaj hnub nyoog sib txawv, tuav tus ntoo khaub lig zoo sib xws hauv nws txhais tes. Nws tau paub tseeb tias thaum lub caij kav ntawm Vladimir ntawm qhov tig ntawm 10-11 xyoo pua, tus ntoo khaub lig ntsia txawv … Cov kws sau ntawv ntawm ob qho duab puab muab ntoo khaub lig rau hauv tus tub huabtais txhais tes, tsim raws li cov khoom lag luam ntawm xyoo 19-20.

Qhov teeb meem tau tsa hauv tsab xov xwm tuaj yeem kho tau hauv ntau txoj kev. Ntawm qhov one tes, qhov tsis sib xws hauv kev sib tham thiab pom cov duab ntawm tus ntoo khaub lig, uas yog qhov pom tsis tseem ceeb ntawm cov duab, tsis muaj ib txoj hauv kev cuam tshuam rau tus sau phau ntawv lub hom phiaj, thiab feem ntau ntawm cov pej xeem yooj yim tsis pom qhov sib txawv no.

Ntawm qhov tod tes, Tus Ntoo Khaub Lig nyob hauv Russia ib txwm yog lub cim tseem ceeb ntawm Kev Ntseeg, yog yam tseem ceeb heev rau tus neeg Lavxias. Lub xub ntiag ntawm tus ntoo khaub lig ntawm txhua lub monuments yog vim lub ntsiab lus thauj khoom uas nthuav tawm lub tswv yim ntawm lub monument. Cov kws sau cov duab puab tuaj yeem nrhiav tswv yim zoo los ntawm tus kws tshawb fawb ntawm ib lub tsev khaws puav pheej uas muaj.

Nyeem ntau cov ntaub ntawv ntawm stavrography ntawm Kev Kawm Txuj Ci:

Tsis tshua muaj pectoral crosses ntawm 15th - 16th centuries. piav txog Yexus Khetos thiab xaiv cov neeg ntseeg; - Pectoral keeled crosses ntawm 15th - 16th centuries nrog cov duab ntawm Theotokos, Yexus Khetos thiab xaiv cov neeg ntseeg; - Qub Lavxias pectoral hla ntawm XI-XIII ib puas xyoo.