Ua dynasty ntawm Chekhovs: Tus tswvcuab ntawm tsev neeg ntawm tus kws sau ntawv zoo tau dhau los ua lub hnub qub ua yeeb yam thiab xinesmas

2024 Tus sau: Richard Flannagan | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 00:06

Lub npe ntawm Chekhovs tau paub thoob plaws ntiaj teb tsis yog ua tsaug rau tus neeg sawv cev nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm tsev neeg no - tus kws sau Anton Chekhov. Tseem muaj cov kws ua yeeb yam thiab cov ua yeeb yam hauv lawv tsev neeg. Lub ntiaj teb tau kawm txog kev ua yeeb yam ntawm Chekhovs ua tsaug rau tus sau tus tub xeeb ntxwv Mikhail, uas tau tsim lub tsev kawm ua yeeb yam hauv Hollywood, thiab nws tsev neeg. Muaj tseeb, nyob hauv tsev, lawv cov npe tau raug xa mus rau qhov tsis nco qab lawm, vim tias lawv txhua tus tau dhau los ua neeg txawv tebchaws.

Mikhail Chekhov

Tus tub ntawm tus kws sau ntawv Anton Chekhov, Mikhail, yog tus tub ntawm nws tus tij laug Alexander. Nws yug thiab loj hlob hauv St. Petersburg. Nws txoj kev xav ua rau pom lawv tus kheej thaum yau, nws yog lub hnub qub ntawm tsev ua yeeb yam. Tom qab kawm tiav los ntawm tsev kawm ua yeeb yam. A. Suvorin, Mikhail tau txais los rau hauv pab pawg ntawm Suvorin Theatre, thiab ib xyoos tom qab nws tau tsiv mus rau Moscow Art Theatre mus rau K. Stanislavsky. Txog nws qhov ua tau zoo ntawm lub luag haujlwm ntawm Khlestakov hauv "Tus Kws Tshuaj Ntsuam Xyuas" lawv tau hais tias nws yog "Khlestakov, txog tus uas Gogol nws tus kheej sau." Xyoo 1918, Chekhov tsim nws tus kheej lub studio ua yeeb yam, thiab 4 xyoos tom qab ntawd nws tau mus rau Thawj Lub Studio ntawm Moscow Art Theatre, uas tom qab ntawd hloov pauv mus rau Moscow Art Theatre.

Txij li xyoo 1913, Mikhail Chekhov pib ua yeeb yaj kiab ntsiag to, ua si Mikhail Romanov hauv zaj yeeb yaj kiab "Peb puas xyoo ntawm kev kav ntawm Romanov dynasty", thiab tom qab ntawd ntxiv 5 zaj duab xis. Xyoo 1928, Chekhov luam tawm The Actor's Way, tshawb fawb txog Stanislavsky txoj kev thiab qhia nws rau cov neeg ua yeeb yam hauv kev sib tham. Hauv tib lub xyoo, nws tau tawm mus rau Tebchaws Yelemees, qhov uas nws tau koom nrog hauv kev ua yeeb yam thiab ua yeeb yaj kiab. Hauv xyoo 1930s. Mikhail Chekhov ncig Europe, ua yeeb yam thiab qhia ua yeeb yam hauv Paris thiab London. Nws vam tias yuav rov qab mus rau nws lub tebchaws, tau sib tham nrog Soviet cov thawj coj los tsim ua yeeb yam, tab sis qhov no tsis tshwm sim, thiab Chekhov tseem nyob txawv teb chaws mus ib txhis.

Txij li xyoo 1939, Mikhail Chekhov tau nyob hauv Tebchaws Meskas. Nyob ntawd nws tau koom nrog hauv kev coj thiab tsim nws tus kheej lub tsev kawm ua yeeb yam, uas yog nrov heev hauv Hollywood. Nws cov tub ntxhais kawm suav nrog Yul Brynner, Anthony Quinn, Clint Eastwood, thiab Marilyn Monroe. Hauv nruab nrab-1940s. Chekhov nws tus kheej ua yeeb yaj kiab thiab txawm tias raug xaiv tsa rau Oscar rau nws lub luag haujlwm hauv Alfred Hitchcock zaj duab xis "Bewitched". Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws tau tshaj tawm phau ntawv "On the Technique of the Actor", uas tau txiav txim siab tias yuav tsum yog tib yam yuav tsum tau nyeem ntawm cov neeg ua yeeb yam thiab tus thawj coj niaj hnub no, zoo li "Kev Ua Haujlwm ntawm Tus Ua Yeeb Yam Rau Nws Tus Kheej" los ntawm Stanislavsky. Xyoo 1955, Mikhail Chekhov tuag tom qab lub plawv nres. Hauv tsev, nws qhov txiaj ntsig tseem tsis tau hnov qab ntau xyoo. Tsuas yog xyoo 1980s. Chekhov txoj kev pib kawm nrog rau Stanislavsky txoj kev.

Olga Chekhov

Xyoo 1914, Mikhail Chekhov sib yuav tus ntxhais xeeb ntxwv ntawm Anton Chekhov tus poj niam Olga Knipper. Lawv muaj ib tug ntxhais, Ada, tab sis lawv txoj kev sib yuav tsuas yog 3 xyoos. Olga yog tus ua yeeb yam thiab, tau tsiv mus rau Lub Tebchaws Yelemees xyoo 1920, nws tau pib ua yeeb yam zoo. Hauv xyoo 1930s. nws tau dhau los ua lub hnub qub tiag ntawm German xinesmas. Olga Chekhova nyiam Hitler qhov kev xav tsis txaus ntseeg thiab yog ib tus uas nws nyiam ua yeeb yam. Rau tag nrho cov hnub so nws tau xa nws cov khoom qab zib thiab nws cov duab nrog cov lus sau: "". Xyoo 1936 nws tau txais lub npe ntawm Xeev Tus Ua Yeeb Yam ntawm Peb Reich. Thaum nws ua haujlwm, nws tau ua yeeb yaj kiab ntau dua 140 zaj duab xis, tab sis tsis muaj ib qho ntawm lawv, rau qhov laj thawj pom tseeb, tau tshwm sim hauv USSR.

Leej twg nws tiag tiag tseem yog qhov tsis paub. Qhov tseeb yog tias tom qab kev ntes Berlin los ntawm Soviet pab tub rog, tus neeg ua yeeb yam raug thauj mus rau Moscow ntawm lub dav hlau tub rog, thiab tom qab sib tham hauv Kremlin, nws tau tso cai rov qab mus rau Berlin. Qhov no ua rau cov kws tshawb fawb xav tias Olga Chekhova tau txais los ntawm Soviet kev txawj ntse thaum Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob thiab dhau los ua tus neeg sawv cev ntawm Stalin thiab Hitler. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tus kheej tsis lees paub qhov no, thiab tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj ntawm nws cov dej num tau muaj txoj sia nyob. Nws yeej tsis tau mus ntsib USSR dua. Xyoo 1980 Olga Chekhova tau tag sim neej thaum muaj hnub nyoog 82 xyoos.

Vera Chekhova-Rust

Mikhail Chekhov thiab nws thawj tus poj niam Olga muaj ib tug ntxhais, tseem hu ua Olga thaum yug los. Tom qab ntawd nws hu nws tus kheej Ada. Nws loj hlob hauv tebchaws Yelemes. Ada ua raws nws niam nws txiv txoj kev taug thiab tseem dhau los ua ib tus neeg ua yeeb yam, ua yeeb yam hauv German xinesmas. Thaum 49, Ada tuag hauv lub dav hlau poob. Sib yuav rau tus kws kho mob German Wilhelm Rust, xyoo 1940 nws muaj ib tug ntxhais, Vera Chekhova-Rust, uas tau dhau los ua tus muaj koob muaj npe ua yeeb yam.

Vera Chekhova pib ua yeeb yaj kiab thaum muaj hnub nyoog 16 xyoo. Nws tau raug hu ua ib tus neeg ua yeeb yam German nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm lub sijhawm tom qab ua tsov rog thiab yog ib tus neeg ua yeeb yam zoo nkauj tshaj plaws nyob sab Europe ntawm lub xyoo pua nees nkaum. Nws txoj haujlwm ua yeeb yaj kiab tau kav txij thaum nruab nrab xyoo 1950. kom txog thaum nruab nrab-1990s. Lub sijhawm no, nws ua si ntau dua 50 lub luag haujlwm. Xyoo 2006 Vera Chekhova tau txais khoom plig "Rau nws txoj kev koom tes rau German xinesmas" khoom plig.

Tom qab kev tuag ntawm nws pog, Olga Chekhova, Vera tuaj rau Russia, tam sim no hauv Melikhovo nyob rau 80th hnub tseem ceeb ntawm pob ntseg Anton Pavlovich Chekhov, tau koom nrog hauv xyoo 1983 XIII Moscow International Film Festival.

Olga Leonardovna Knipper-Chekhova, tus poj niam ntawm tus kws sau ntawv Anton Pavlovich Chekhov, yog tib tug ntawm Chekhovs ua yeeb yam uas nyob hauv tsev. Nws sawv ntawm qhov pib ntawm Moscow Art Theatre thiab ua lub neej ntev thiab muaj txiaj ntsig: Olga Knipper - kev hlub zaum kawg ntawm Anton Chekhov.