Puas muaj "Slavic koom siab", lossis hauv Slavs zoo ib yam

2024 Tus sau: Richard Flannagan | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 00:06

Cov Slavs yog ib pawg ntawm cov neeg coob tshaj plaws nyob rau niaj hnub no Europe, Siberia thiab Far East. Txawm hais tias muaj ntau tus yam ntxwv sib xws, cov neeg sawv cev Slavic muaj qhov sib txawv hauv qee qhov yam ntxwv. Cia peb sim txiav txim siab vim li cas sab qab teb Slavs txawv ntawm Sab Hnub Poob-Sab Hnub Poob, ze li cas cov neeg Ukrainian nyob ze rau cov neeg Lavxias, thiab leej twg, hauv paus ntsiab lus, suav tias yog Slavs.

Lub npe tsis zoo ntawm Slavic nrog kev tshwj tseg

Hauv kev tshawb fawb, Slavs tau suav tias yog cov tib neeg uas tau siv cov pab pawg Slavic ntev los ua lawv hom lus. Lawm, cov neeg hais lus ntawm cov lus muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog tib neeg. Western Slavs yog caj ces zoo ib yam li Eastern. Cov neeg Lavxias nyob hauv thaj tsam nruab nrab thiab yav qab teb tsim cov pab pawg sab hnub tuaj nrog cov neeg Ukrainian thiab Belarusians. Tib lub sijhawm, cov neeg Lavxias sab qaum teb sawv tawm tsam tiv thaiv keeb kwm yav dhau los ntawm lwm tus neeg sawv cev. Hauv kev tshuaj ntsuam keeb kwm, haiv neeg Finno-Ugric muaj kev hlub ntau rau lawv.

Raws li rau pab pawg sab hnub poob, Sab Hnub Poob Slavs muaj kev sib raug zoo tshaj plaws nrog rau Cov Tub Rog. Muaj ntau tus yam ntxwv sib xws ntawm lawv tus kheej, cov kwv tij sab hnub poob thiab sab hnub tuaj muaj ntau txoj hauv kev zoo ib yam li lawv cov neeg nyob sib ze uas tsis yog Slavic.

Peb tab tom tham txog haiv neeg hais lus Baltic - Latvians, Lithuanians. Cov kws tshawb fawb piav qhia qhov tshwm sim no los ntawm kev sib koom ua ke vim yog thaj chaw nyob sib ze.

Sab Qab Teb Slavs sawv cev rau cov pab pawg tshwj xeeb. Gravitating ntau li ntau tau rau hom neeg nyob ib puag ncig thaj chaw, lawv zoo ib yam ntawm cov caj ces nrog lwm haiv neeg Balkan. Piv txwv li, Bulgarians, Croats thiab Serbs qee zaum nyuaj rau qhov txawv ntawm cov neeg Greek, Romanians thiab Albanians uas nyob ze.

Txawm hais tias xav txog qhov tseeb tias txhua tus neeg sawv cev no sib tham los ntawm cov lus sib txawv uas tsis yog Slavic. Tab sis Czechs thiab Slovaks tau hloov pauv caj ces mus rau cov neeg European sab hnub poob, tshwj xeeb, rau cov neeg German.

Lub ntsiab lus Ukrainian, uas yog nrov hnub no, yuav tsum tau muab cais cais. Ntau zuj zus, muaj kev xav raws li qhov chaw ua nom ua tswv. Kev txiav txim los ntawm cov txiaj ntsig ntawm ntau xyoo ntawm kev tshawb fawb los ntawm thoob ntiaj teb kev tshuaj ntsuam genetic thiab lus ntawm pab pawg ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb coj los ntawm Tus Kws Kho Mob ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb Kev Tshawb Fawb O. Balanovsky, tsuas muaj ib qho lus teb. Cov neeg nyob hauv tebchaws Ukrainian zoo ib yam li cov neeg Lavxias.

Hauv cov ntsiab lus no, lub luag haujlwm ntawm Belarusians yog qhov nthuav, qee tus neeg tsis tuaj yeem sib txawv hauv cov noob caj noob ces los ntawm cov neeg Ukrainian, thiab qee leej los ntawm cov neeg Lavxias. Hauv kev tshuaj xyuas ntxaws ntxaws ntawm txhua tus Slavs Sab Hnub Tuaj, lub tebchaws Ukrainian cov pas dej tsis muaj ciam teb hla dhau los ua Lavxias, thiab Belarusians zoo li tau faib rau lawv.

Cov lus zoo sib xws lossis me ntsis txog kev kawm lus

Pawg Slavic ntawm cov lus yog ib feem ntawm tsev neeg Indo-European, muaj ntau yam sib xws nrog Baltic. Cov lus Slavic tau muab faib ua pawg Sab Hnub Tuaj Slavic (Lavxias, Belarusian, Ukrainian), Pab Pawg Sab Qab Teb Slavic (Bulgarian, Serbo-Croatian, Slovenian), thiab West Slavic ceg (Polish, Czech, Slovak). Cov lus hais ntawm hom lus zoo ib yam rau ib leeg, sib txawv hauv cov qauv lus thiab lub suab. Cov ntawv sib txawv, piv txwv li, hauv Polish, Czech thiab Slovak, tau muab tso rau hauv cov ntawv Latin. Qhov no tau piav qhia yooj yim los ntawm kev cuam tshuam ntawm Catholicism.

Raws li, Lub Koom Txoos Orthodox tau coj Cyrillic cov tsiaj ntawv mus rau Lavxias, Bulgarian, thiab lus Macedonian. Tawm tsam lawv keeb kwm yav dhau los, Serbo-Croatian kev sau ntawv, raws li ob tus tsiaj ntawv, sawv tawm. Lwm qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm cov lus Slavic yog txoj haujlwm ntawm kev ntxhov siab hauv cov lus. Piv txwv li, Czechs tsom mus rau thawj lub suab lus, Tus ncej - qhov kawg, thiab Bulgarians thiab Russians tau hloov pauv ntau tshaj plaws hauv qhov no. Cov lus Macedonian thiab Bulgarian yog sib txawv ntawm lwm yam lus Slavic, siv cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb ntawm kev siv cov npe thiab kab lus.

Qhov sib txawv ntawm cov lus sib txawv feem ntau yog los ntawm txoj haujlwm thaj av. Cov kws tshawb fawb pom zoo tias, nyob hauv thaj av European, cov Slavs tau coj cov lus nrog lawv, tib lub sijhawm nqus cov noob caj noob ces txawv tebchaws.

Feem ntau hauv kev coj noj coj ua hauv zej zog

Folklore yog suav tias yog kev coj noj coj ua tseem ceeb ntawm qee tus yam ntxwv ntawm tib neeg. Raws li kev tsim lub qhov ncauj, cov yam ntxwv zoo tuaj yeem yooj yim taug qab ntawm Sab Hnub Poob Slavs, Sab Hnub Poob thiab txawm tias Yav Qab Teb. Ntau pua-xyoo-laus Bulgarian cov dab neeg zoo ib yam li Lavxias. Tom qab tag nrho, cov dab neeg hauv zej zog tsis yog nyob hauv tus kheej lub ntsiab lus. Cov kws tshawb fawb tsom mus rau qhov zoo sib xws ntawm kev nthuav qhia, cov duab sib piv, epithets.

Hauv lwm lo lus, Slavic kev muaj tswv yim yog qhov txawv los ntawm cov hauv paus ntsiab lus zoo ib yam ntawm kev nkag siab thiab kev xav. Ib qho ntxiv, kev coj noj coj ua zoo sib xws tsis tuaj yeem cuam tshuam los ntawm thaj chaw dav dav thiab hom haujlwm. Cov Slavs nyob los ntawm kev ua liaj ua teb thiab kev yug tsiaj nyuj, uas tau cuam tshuam los ntawm kev sau paj huam ntawm txhua tus neeg sawv cev ntawm pab pawg me. Cov neeg Slavs thaum ub suav hais tias yog neeg pe hawm hnub, yog li cov duab ntawm lub ntiaj teb thiab lub hnub ua rau cov dab neeg tsis tseeb ntawm Lavxias, Belarusians, Serbs, thiab Bulgarians.

Kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov neeg Slavic tau ua rau muaj kev sib koom ua ke thiab tawm tsam cov yeeb ncuab los ntawm kev mob siab rau. Qee cov dab neeg dab neeg qub tau sau ua ke hauv qhov ncauj ua haujlwm ntawm Sab Hnub Tuaj, Yav Qab Teb, Sab Hnub Poob Slavs. Tib yam siv rau cov phiaj xwm ntawm epics, nkauj hauv ntiaj teb thiab kev seev cev, uas ua pov thawj meej rau kev sib koom ntawm Slavs.

Kev puas siab puas ntsws thiab ntau yam kev xav ntawm Slavic

Lub xyoo pua puv 19 Slavophile N. Danilevsky hauv nws txoj haujlwm "Russia thiab Europe" qhia lub ntsiab tseem ceeb ntawm lub tebchaws Slavic tus yam ntxwv. Hauv nws qhov kev xav, qhov kev xav ntawm tus kheej no txawv txav los ntawm tib neeg Romano-Germanic. Raws li cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev tshawb fawb ntev, tus kws tshawb fawb tau txheeb xyuas tshwj xeeb Slavic kab lis kev cai thiab hom keeb kwm. Thawj qhov nws tau taw qhia yog kev txiav txim siab caj ces tsis muaj kev xav rau kev ua phem.

Qhov sib txawv thib ob ntawm Slavism tag nrho yog qhov muaj feem thib ntawm txoj hauv kev tob hauv lub neej. Hauv lwm lo lus, cov Slavs yog kev xav txog kev xav, tsis saib xyuas kev ntseeg, kev ua haujlwm, rov hais dua rau ntiaj teb sab nrauv thiab nthuav dav. Raws li Danilevsky, lub neej ntawm Slavs yog ua raws kev xav ntawm sab ntsuj plig, ntsuas ntsuas qhov tseeb. Tus kws tshawb fawb tau lees paub tias tus yam ntxwv ntawm Slavs yog tag nrho ntawm kev ua siab zoo, kev hwm, mloog lus, uas ib txwm ua tau los ntawm cov tswv yim ntseeg.

Muab tus kws tshawb fawb ntau yam tshwj xeeb. Danilevsky hu ua Lavxias "Slavic Loos" nrog kev cia siab, thiab suav tias yog Western Slavs kev vam khom ntawm German-Roman kab lis kev cai. Nws tau txiav txim siab Serbs ua rau muaj kev sib cais sab hauv, thiab Tus Kws yog cov neeg nyiam tshaj plaws nyob sab hnub poob ntawm cov Slavs. Raws li Danilevsky, Bulgarians muaj kev ywj pheej thiab ywj pheej, thaum Czechs yog Russophiles nrog tus yam ntxwv German thiab kev coj noj coj ua German.

Ntxiv nrog rau cov npe, cov neeg Lavxias niaj hnub no siv lub npe los ntawm Slavic kev coj noj coj ua, uas tsis yog rooj plaub hauv Central thiab Western Europe.