Vim li cas tsis yog txhua tus uas raug hu ua Tatars yog tib neeg

2024 Tus sau: Richard Flannagan | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 00:06

Ib qho ntawm qhov tsis meej pem loj tshaj plaws hauv cov npe ntawm tib neeg hauv keeb kwm Lavxias yog nrog Tatars. Vim li cas cov pejxeem ntawm Tatarstan ob leeg sib txuas thiab tsis txuas nrog Mongol-Tatar tus quab? Vim li cas Crimean Tatars thiab Tatars ntawm Volga cov neeg sib txawv, tab sis raug hu tib yam? Nov yog phau ntawv qhia nrawm los pab koj txiav txim siab nws.

Kev ntxeem tau ntawm Mongols thiab Kazan Khanate

Cov Tatars uas tuaj nrog Mongols thaum lub sijhawm kev tawm tsam sab hnub poob tsis zoo li tib neeg uas tam sim no nyob hauv Tatarstan. Nov yog haiv neeg Esxias uas cov neeg Mongols tau kov yeej ntev ua ntej ntawd - thiab yuam kom sib tua, tua txhua tus tub thiab txiv neej muaj hnub nyoog txog peb xyoos, yog li cov neeg tshiab tau loj hlob hauv kev mloog lus Mongols.

Thaum lub sij hawm tuaj txog ntawm Mongol -Tatar pab tub rog, qhov uas Tatarstan tam sim no sawv, muaj Bulgar Khanate loj - ib qho kev ncaj ncees tsim los ntawm Muslim lub xeev tau tsim los ntawm ib zaug steppe, tej zaum cov neeg hais lus Turkic - Bulgars (tib neeg sawv ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm lub tebchaws Balkan ntawm Bulgaria). Lub khanate txawm pauv lossis sib ntaus nrog cov thawj tswj hwm Lavxias qub, thiab ntau haiv neeg Finno -Ugric nyob ntawm nws thaj chaw - cov neeg European sab hnub tuaj.

Bulgar Khanate thiab nws cov phoojywg tsis tau xa mus rau cov neeg tawm tsam. Lawv tau tawm tsam thiab feem ntau ntawm cov tub thiab txiv neej tuag vim qhov tshwm sim. Cov neeg Mongols tau tsim lawv lub zog thiab tso tseg Tatar tsev neeg muaj koob muaj npe los kav hauv thaj av uas tau kov yeej. Tias yog vim li cas cov av pib hu ua Tatar.

Raws li rau cov pej xeem ib txwm, nws tsis sib xyaw nrog cov neeg tuaj tshiab tau ntev, xav yuav poj niam nrog cov neeg hauv zos thiab kov yeej Polovtsians. Lub sijhawm dhau los, tau kawg, lub tebchaws Mongol tau tawg, cov neeg tseem ceeb tau siv rau nws, thiab qee qhov ntawm Kazan Tatars yeej muaj cov noob ntawm "Mongol" Tatars. Tias yog vim li cas cov yam ntxwv ntawm Sab Hnub Tuaj tuaj yeem qee zaum pom ntawm Tatars. Tab sis ntau zaus ntau nyob sab Europe lossis steppe Turkic ntsej muag, uas, ntawm chav kawm, kuj yog neeg sab hnub tuaj, tab sis txawv ntau los ntawm Mongolian.

Muaj kev txav mus los ntawm cov neeg Tatars kom rov muaj lub npe "qub" ntawm Bulgars, tsis txhob hnav lub npe tsis zoo ntawm cov neeg kov yeej. Coob leej uas xav hu ua Bulgars kuj yuam kev ntseeg tias Bulgars yog Slavs - tej zaum vim tias Bulgaria yog Slavic lub tebchaws.

Tatars tsis yog tib neeg tau txais lub npe ntawm lawv cov neeg tseem ceeb. Bulgars hauv Bulgaria, piv txwv li, yog haiv neeg tsawg thiab yog li yooj yim yaj thaum lub sijhawm, thiab thaj av Lavxias (thiab tom qab ntawd cov neeg, uas nws cov poj koob yawm txwv feem ntau yog Ilmen Slovenes thiab Ilmenian Chud) tau hu los ntawm Varangian tus tswv tshiab, raws li chronicler Nestor ua tim khawv. Varangian (Scandinavian) cov noob hauv cov neeg Lavxias niaj hnub no kuj muaj tsawg heev.

Crimean Tatars

Feem ntau, thaum piav qhia tias nws tshwm sim li cas uas ob haiv neeg sib txawv muaj tib lub npe, lawv nco qab tias hauv tebchaws Russia Lub Tebchaws xyaum ua txhua haiv neeg hais lus Turkic hu ua Tatars. Qhov tseeb, nov dua, zoo li, Kev sib tw sab hnub poob ntawm Mongol faj tim teb chaws tau koom nrog.

Nws ntseeg tias feem ntau yog cov poj koob yawm txwv ntawm Crimean Tatars yog Polovtsians, cov neeg hais lus Turkic hais lus, leej twg, txawm li cas los xij, tej zaum yuav sib xyaw nrog lawv cov neeg Iran hais lus. Txoj cai Polovtsian lig tau muaj txoj sia nyob, uas Polovtsy twv yuav raug hu lawv tus kheej "Tatars".

Polovtsi yog cov neeg nyob ze yav qab teb ntawm Bulgars. Lawm, thaum lub sij hawm Mongol ntxeem tau, qee leej ntawm lawv kuj tau tuav nrog Mongols, thiab qee qhov tawm mus rau sab hnub poob lossis xa mus. Cov Polovtsy uas yog thawj tus tau mus txog Crimea tsis muaj hmoo - lawv ntshai, yuam kev rau Mongols, txog qhov uas cov lus xaiv ceeb ntshai tau nthuav tawm, thiab raug tua. Ib feem ntawm Polovtsians tau tawg thoob plaws Europe mus txog Ltalis. Qee tus tau cog lus ncaj ncees rau tus yeej. Tej zaum, yuav luag txhua thaj av sab hnub poob, Cov Neeg Mongols tau tso tseg raws li Tatar cov thawj coj (lossis ntau tus Mongols twb tau txais lub npe ntawm Tatars) nrog lawv cov tub rog. Qhov no yuav piav qhia yog vim li cas nthwv dej tshiab ntawm Polovtsians, uas tuaj rau Crimea ntau tom qab, hu lawv tus kheej Tatars.

Los ntawm txoj kev, Polovtsians tswj hwm cov neeg kov yeej thiab yog vim li cas thiaj li muaj ntau cov hauv paus hauv Turkic tuaj yeem pom hauv lus Mongolian. Thiab txawm tias ua ntej Western kev sib tw, Polovtsians yog cov phooj ywg ruaj khov ntawm Bulgaria, feem ntau tawm tsam Byzantium.

Tom qab ntawd, Crimean Tatars tau tsim los ntawm kev muaj zog ntawm Ottoman Empire, txawm hais tias lawv feem ntau khaws lawv tus kheej kev lis kev cai - piv txwv li, zoo li nyob rau hauv steppe ua ntej ntawd, cov poj niam koom nrog kev pov npav. Tsuas yog tam sim no lawv tsis raug tso cai hais lus, lawv tau hais tawm lawv lub siab nyiam los ntawm lub tswb nrov.

Kev sau ntawv thiab lwm yam Tatars

Thiab tseem, nws muaj tseeb li cas lo lus "Tatars" tau siv ua ntej kev tawm tsam. Yog li, nyeem cov dab neeg qub, koj tuaj yeem xav txog, nkag siab dab tsi tus kws sau hu ua Tatars, piv txwv li, Azerbaijan.

Cov keeb kwm ntawm txoj hauv kev no yog ib nrab vim muaj cov neeg Tatar sib txawv hauv tebchaws Russia. Piv txwv li, ntxiv rau Kazan Tatars, tseem muaj Astrakhan Tatars (uas, txawm li cas los xij, keeb kwm sib xyaw nrog Kazan Tatars nquag heev), Siberian thiab qee pab pawg me, thiab keeb kwm muaj Orthodox Tatars - Kryashens thiab Nagaybaks. Cov tom kawg kuj tseem hu ua Tatar Cossacks.

Yuav luag txhua tus neeg uas hu ua Tatars hauv peb lub sijhawm cuam tshuam nrog Mongol faj tim teb chaws thiab tsim hauv khanates uas tseem nyob tom qab nws sib cais. Cov noob caj noob ces qhia tias lawv keeb kwm muaj ntau yam sib txawv thiab nws tseem tuaj yeem hais tau tias qee tus Tatars muaj feem ntau yog neeg Europe, thaum lwm tus muaj feem ntau dua li cov neeg Asians.