Qhov paub tsis meej ntawm kev ua koob tsheej thaum ub hauv Bridgman tha xim: Txheej txheem ntawm Bull ntawm Anubis:

2024 Tus sau: Richard Flannagan | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 00:06

Frederick Arthur Bridgman yog ib tus neeg pleev xim Orientalist nyiam tshaj plaws. Nws tsim ib daim ntaub uas thauj cov neeg saib mus rau lub sijhawm Ancient Egypt. Dab tsi yog qhov zais cia ntawm Iyiv kev coj noj coj ua tau pom los ntawm nws cov duab "Txheej txheem ntawm cov nyuj dawb huv Anubis"?

Frederick Arthur Bridgeman paub txog nws cov duab sab hnub tuaj. Thaum muaj hnub nyoog tsib xyoos, nws tshaj tawm tias nws txiav txim siab los ua tus kws kos duab, thiab thaum nws muaj kaum rau xyoo nws tau tawm ntawm tsev kawm ntawv thiab pib nws txoj haujlwm ua tus kws kos duab nrog American Banknote Company. Txawm li cas los xij, txoj haujlwm no tsis ntev dhau los Arthur, thiab xyoo 1866 nws tau mus rau Paris kawm nrog tus kws pleev xim thiab tus kws kos duab Jean-Léon Jerome ntawm École des Beaux-Arts. Xyoo 1873 nws tau mus rau North Africa.

Hauv tebchaws Africa, Bridgeman ua haujlwm tau tsib xyoos, tsim ntau pua daim duab kos thiab sau cov khoom cuav thiab khaub ncaws. Bridgeman pleev xim rau Sab Hnub Tuaj thiab Africa zoo kawg li, tsis paub meej, zoo nkauj thiab, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, muaj tiag. Nws txoj kev xav ntawm cov neeg txawv thiab kab lis kev cai nyiam Asmeskas thiab Europeans thoob plaws xyoo 1880s. Tom qab ntawd, Bridgeman tsim ntau ntau yam duab sab hnub tuaj los ntawm kev nco, tau tshoov siab los ntawm kev sau ntau ntawm kev yuav khoom Egyptian thiab Algerian khoom plig.

Dab tsi tso cai Bridgman qhia thaj tsam no hauv ib txoj hauv kev hauv nws cov duab kom pom me tshaj yog nws ua haujlwm los ntawm xwm. Tsis zoo li cov npoj yaig, tus kws kos duab tau tso cai nkag mus hauv tsev thiab harems ntawm cov neeg nws tau ntsib. Taug kev mus rau Algeria thiab Egypt, Bridgman ua tiav ntau dua peb puas daim duab kos thiab ntau cov duab piav qhia txog lub ntiaj teb ntawm kev hnav khaub ncaws nplua nuj thiab zoo nkauj hnav cov poj niam hauv daim ntaub thaiv uas siv cov pob tshab. Kev sau ntau ntawm cov khoom cuav uas nws tau txais thaum nws mus ncig, suav nrog khaub ncaws, kos duab thiab kos duab, dai nws lub tsev.

Tom qab qee lub sijhawm, tus neeg pleev xim xav tias yuav tsum hloov qhov kev kawm thiab sim nrhiav nws tus kheej hauv hom kev cim, thiab tom qab ntawd, xyoo 1890s. tig mus rau keeb kwm, cov ntsiab lus hauv phau npaiv npaum thiab rau cov dab neeg qub ("Pharaoh hla Hiavtxwv Liab" thiab "Kev tsis lees paub ntawm huab tais Assyrian"). Xyoo 1890, hauv New York, nws luam tawm Lub Caij Ntuj No hauv Algeria, uas nws tau piav qhia nrog nws cov duab. Cov haujlwm tom qab no tsis muaj kev vam meej zoo li nws daim ntawv nthuav qhia sab hnub tuaj. Tom qab Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb Zaum 1, nws lub koob npe nrov tsis zoo, thiab nws tsiv los ntawm Paris mus rau Lyons-la-Forêt (Normandy, Fabkis), qhov chaw uas nws nyob mus txog hnub kawg, tsis tas yuav pleev xim.

"Txheej txheem ntawm cov nyuj dawb huv Anubis" - kev tshuaj xyuas

Peb yuav nyob ntawm ib qho ntawm Bridgman cov duab, The Procession of the Sacred Bull of Anubis.

Cov duab thav duab yog ib hom ntawv keeb kwm thiab muaj kev hais txog cov neeg Iyiv thaum ub kev lig kev cai ntawm cov nyuj. Twb tau nyob rau lub sijhawm puag thaum ub, tib neeg deified nyuj - nyuj thiab nyuj. William Tyler Alcott, hauv nws phau ntawv Myths of the Sun, nthuav qhia cov ntsiab lus thiab lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev tua nyuj nyuj Egyptian.

Apis - hauv Iyiv mythology, vaj tswv ntawm kev muaj menyuam hauv kev coj tus nyuj nrog lub hnub ci (uas peb pom ntawm lub taub hau ntawm tus nyuj hauv daim duab). Apis tau cuam tshuam nrog kev coj noj coj ua ntawm cov neeg tuag thiab suav tias yog nyuj ntawm Osiris (yog li lub npe ntawm daim duab "nyuj ntawm Anubis"). Cov txheej txheem yog coj los ntawm cov pov thawj, thiab cov neeg coob coob zoo siab nrog nws. Cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv Palace nqa cov duab puab ntawm Osiris nws tus kheej.

Hnub ua kevcai nco txog hnub Osiris, cov pov thawj coj cov nyuj tuaj rau ntawm ntug dej Nile thiab ua rau nws poob rau hauv tus dej Nile. Tom qab ntawd lawv tau ntim thiab faus rau hauv Memphis. Kev quaj ntsuag txuas ntxiv mus txog thaum muaj lwm tus nyuj, zoo ib yam li yav dhau los, nrog cov cim zoo ib yam. "Apis tshwm sim nyob rau ncua sijhawm ntev. Lawv qhov kev tshwm sim tau ua kev zoo siab nrog kev lom zem dav dav. Apis yog menyuam nyuj los ntawm nyuj, uas thaum yug tsis tuaj yeem cev xeeb tub (uas yog, nws yug ib zaug). Raws li cov neeg Iyiv, txoj kab hluav taws xob nqes los ntawm tus nyuj los ntawm ntuj, thiab los ntawm nws nws yug Apis. Apis yog xim dub, muaj cov duab peb sab dawb nyob rau ntawm lub hauv pliaj, duab ntawm tus dav dawb hau nyob tom qab, ob npaug plaub hau ntawm tus Tsov tus tw, thiab cov duab ntawm kab hauv qab tus nplaig "[Herodotus, 3: 27-28].

Lub cim ntawm tus nyuj yog qhov nthuav: cov plaub tsiaj dub ntawm tus nyuj ua piv txwv txog kev tshav ntuj ntawm lub hnub, thiab qhov dawb ntawm lub hauv pliaj ntawm tus tsiaj thiab lub hli hli nyob rau sab yog lub cim ntawm lub hli. Dav dawb hau thiab kab yog cov cim ntawm lub hnub. Lub suab paj nruag ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv daim duab: kev txav mus los, peb txawm hnov tib neeg luag ntxhi, peb xyaum ua txhua yam ntawm cov suab paj nruas hauv tes ntawm cov pov thawj txhais tes. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws "qhov chaw" hauv daim duab yog, tau kawg, tus nyuj - tus yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm daim duab. Tus kws kos duab tau ua tiav qhov no nrog kev pab ntawm cov xim tsaus tshaj plaws (yog tias qhov tseem ceeb ntawm daim duab tau pleev xim rau hauv lub teeb xim av, xim av xim av, tom qab ntawd tus nyuj nws tus kheej muaj cov plaub tsiaj dub, uas ua rau pom kev zoo). Tus pov thawj nyob rau pem hauv ntej ntawm cov txheej txheem saib ncaj qha rau peb, cov neeg mloog, zoo li yog caw peb koom nrog hauv kev ua koob tsheej nyuj. Lub teeb nyob hauv daim duab ntws los ntawm sab laug mus rau sab xis - nyob rau hauv kev coj ntawm cov txheej txheem nws tus kheej, ntog ntawm kab nrog cov qauv Iyiv, ua kom pom cov nyuj thiab cov pov thawj coj. Lub tshav ci ci ntawm lub hnub kuj tso cai rau peb pom cov duab tha xim ntawm phab ntsa ntawm lub tsev huab tais. Feem ntau, daim duab no yog ib hom neeg nyiam nyob sab hnub tuaj, sib cuam tshuam nrog keeb kwm thiab kev ntseeg.

Yog li, qhov tseem ceeb thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm kev koom tes ntawm Frederick Arthur Bridgman rau kev kos duab ntawm xyoo pua puv 19 feem ntau thiab kom muaj kev pov hwm ntawm kev kos duab sab hnub tuaj tshwj xeeb yog qhov tsis lees paub. Thiab, muab cov khoom muaj nqis ntawm cov khoom cuav, John Singer Sargent hais yog lawm - yog ib tus kws kos duab sib tham, tshaj tawm Bridgman qhov chaw nyob yog ib ntawm ob qhov chaw mus ntsib hauv Paris tom qab Eiffel Tower.