Txoj hmoo tu siab ntawm tus tub ntawm Anna Akhmatova: dab tsi Lev Gumilyov tsis tuaj yeem zam txim rau nws niam

2024 Tus sau: Richard Flannagan | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 00:06

25 xyoo dhau los, thaum Lub Rau Hli 15, 1992, tus kws tshawb fawb tseem ceeb-tus kws qhia hnub qub, keeb kwm keeb kwm-haiv neeg, kws sau paj huam thiab tus neeg txhais lus, uas nws qhov txiaj ntsig tseem tsis tau xav txog yav dhau los, dhau mus- Lev Gumilev … Nws txoj kev ua neej tag nrho yog qhov tsis lees paub qhov tseeb tias "tus tub tsis muaj lub luag haujlwm rau nws txiv." Nws tau txais los ntawm nws niam nws txiv tsis yog lub koob meej thiab kev lees paub, tab sis xyoo ntawm kev tsim txom thiab tsim txom: nws txiv Nikolai Gumilyov raug tua xyoo 1921, thiab nws niam - Anna Akhmatova, tus kws kho mob - dhau los ua neeg tsis paub qab hau paj huam. Kev poob siab tom qab 13 xyoos hauv cov chaw pw hav zoov thiab cov teeb meem tas mus li hauv kev tshawb fawb tau ua los ntawm kev sib nkag siab yuam kev hauv kev sib raug zoo nrog leej niam.

Lub Kaum Hli 1, 1912, tus tub, Lev, tau yug los rau Anna Akhmatova thiab Nikolai Gumilyov. Nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo, Akhmatova luam tawm nws thawj sau paj huam "Yav tsaus ntuj", tom qab ntawd - sau "Rosary", uas coj nws kev lees paub thiab coj nws mus rau kev sau ntawv avant -garde. Tus niam-txiv hais tias tus kws sau paj huam coj nws tus tub mus rau kev tsa-ob leeg txij nkawm tseem hluas thiab tsis khoom nrog lawv tus kheej. Akhmatova pom zoo, thiab qhov no yog nws yuam kev tuag. Txog thaum hnub nyoog 16 xyoo, Leo loj hlob nrog nws pog, uas nws hu ua "tus tim tswv zoo siab," thiab tsis tshua pom nws niam.

Nws niam thiab txiv tau sib cais sai, thiab xyoo 1921 Lev tau kawm paub tias Nikolai Gumilyov tau raug tua ntawm kev tawm tsam kev tawm tsam kev tawm tsam. Hauv tib lub xyoo, nws niam tau mus ntsib nws, thiab tom qab ntawd tau ploj mus tau 4 xyoos. "Kuv paub tias tsis muaj leej twg xav tau," Lev sau hauv kev poob siab. Nws tsis tuaj yeem zam txim rau nws niam vim nws nyob ib leeg. Ib qho ntxiv, nws tus phauj tsim hauv nws lub tswv yim ntawm leej txiv zoo tshaj plaws thiab "niam tsis zoo" uas tso ib tug menyuam ntsuag.

Ntau tus neeg paub Akhmatova tau lees tias hauv lub neej niaj hnub tus kws sau paj huam tsis muaj kev vam meej thiab tsis tuaj yeem saib xyuas nws tus kheej. Nws tsis tau tshaj tawm, nws nyob hauv qhov chaw me me thiab ntseeg tias nrog nws pog, nws tus tub yuav zoo dua. Tab sis thaum cov lus nug tshwm sim txog Lev nkag mus rau hauv tsev kawm ntawv, nws coj nws mus rau Leningrad. Lub sijhawm ntawd, nws tau sib yuav Nikolai Punin, tab sis nws tsis yog tus hostess hauv nws chav tsev - lawv nyob hauv chav tsev sib koom ua ke, nrog nws tus poj niam thiab tus ntxhais. Thiab Lev nyob ntawd txhua qhov ntawm cov noog txoj cai, nws tau pw ntawm lub hauv siab ntawm txoj kev hauv tsev uas tsis muaj cua sov. Hauv tsev neeg no, Leo xav zoo li neeg txawv.

Gumilyov tsis raug lees paub hauv tsev kawm ntawv vim nws keeb kwm kev sib raug zoo, thiab nws yuav tsum tau kawm ntau txoj haujlwm: nws ua haujlwm ua tus neeg ua haujlwm hauv kev tswj tsheb nqaj hlau, tus neeg ua haujlwm ntawm kev tshawb fawb geological, tus kws sau ntawv, tus kws tshawb fawb keeb kwm yav dhau los, tus neeg ua haujlwm hauv tsev cia puav pheej, thiab lwm yam Hauv xyoo 1934 thaum kawg nws tau dhau los ua tub ntxhais kawm kws qhia keeb kwm, Leningrad State University, tab sis ib xyoos tom qab nws raug ntes. Tsis ntev nws tau raug tso tawm "vim tsis muaj lub cev tuag", xyoo 1937 nws tau rov ua haujlwm hauv tsev kawm ntawv, thiab xyoo 1938 nws tau raug ntes dua vim raug liam tias ua phem thiab ua haujlwm tiv thaiv Soviet. Lub sijhawm no nws tau muab 5 xyoo hauv Norillag.

Thaum kawg ntawm nws lub sijhawm xyoo 1944, Lev Gumilyov tau mus rau pem hauv ntej thiab mus dhau qhov kev ua tsov rog tas li ua tus kheej. Xyoo 1945 nws rov qab mus rau Leningrad, rov zoo nyob hauv Leningrad State University, nkag mus kawm ntawv tiav thiab tom qab 3 xyoos tiv thaiv nws Ph. D. thesis hauv keeb kwm. Xyoo 1949 nws tau raug ntes dua thiab raug txim yam tsis tau them nqi rau 10 xyoo hauv cov chaw pw hav zoov. Tsuas yog xyoo 1956 thaum kawg nws tau tso tawm thiab rov kho dua.

Lub sijhawm no, kws sau paj huam nyob hauv Moscow nrog Ardovs. Cov lus xaiv mus txog Lev tias nws tau siv cov nyiaj tau txais rau kev hloov pauv khoom plig rau Ardov tus poj niam thiab nws tus tub. Nws zoo li Leo tias nws niam tau txuag ntawm pob khoom, tsis tshua sau thiab tsis nkag siab txog nws.

Lev Gumilyov tau npau taws heev los ntawm nws niam tias nws txawm sau hauv nws ib tsab ntawv tias yog nws yog tus tub ntawm tus poj niam yooj yim, nws yuav dhau los ua xibfwb ntev los lawm, thiab nws niam "tsis nkag siab, tsis xav li, tab sis tsuas yog languishes. " Nws thuam nws rau qhov tsis thab kom nws tso nws tawm, thaum Akhmatova ntshai tias kev thov rau nws sawv cev tuaj yeem ua rau nws qhov xwm txheej hnyav ntxiv. Ib qho ntxiv, Punins thiab Ardovs ntseeg nws tias nws kev siv zog tuaj yeem ua phem rau nws thiab nws tus tub. Gumilev tsis suav nrog qhov xwm txheej uas nws niam yuav tsum yog, thiab qhov tseeb tias nws tsis tuaj yeem sau ntawv rau nws ncaj ncees txog txhua yam, txij li nws cov ntawv raug censored.

Tom qab nws rov qab los, kev nkag siab yuam kev ntawm lawv tsuas yog ua rau muaj zog ntxiv. Nws zoo li tus kws sau paj huam tias nws tus tub tau dhau mus npau taws heev, hnyav thiab kov, thiab nws tseem liam nws niam ntawm qhov tsis quav ntsej rau nws thiab nws nyiam, ntawm kev coj tsis zoo rau nws cov haujlwm ua haujlwm.

Hauv 5 xyoos dhau los, lawv tsis pom ib leeg, thiab thaum tus kws sau paj huam poob mob, cov neeg txawv tebchaws tau saib xyuas nws. Lev Gumilyov tiv thaiv nws cov kws kho mob keeb kwm, ua raws los ntawm lwm qhov hauv thaj chaw, txawm hais tias nws yeej tsis tau txais lub npe ntawm xibfwb. Thaum Lub Ob Hlis 1966, Akhmatova tau mob hnyav nrog mob plawv, nws tus tub tuaj ntawm Leningrad tuaj xyuas nws, tab sis Punins tsis tso nws mus rau hauv pawg ntseeg - liam tias tiv thaiv lub plawv tsis muaj zog ntawm tus kws sau paj huam. Thaum Lub Peb Hlis 5, nws tau ploj mus. Lev Gumilyov muaj sia nyob nws niam los ntawm 26 xyoo. Thaum muaj hnub nyoog 55 xyoos, nws tau sib yuav thiab siv sijhawm so nyob hauv kev thaj yeeb thiab nyob ntsiag to.

Lawv yeej tsis pom ib txoj hauv kev rau ib leeg, tsis nkag siab thiab tsis zam txim. Ob leeg dhau los ua cov neeg raug tsim txom ntawm lub sijhawm txaus ntshai thiab raug ntes ntawm qhov xwm txheej tsis zoo uas Lev Gumilyov yuav tsum tau them tag nrho nws lub neej rau kev ua tub ntawm nws niam nws txiv. Anna Akhmatova thiab Nikolai Gumilyov: kev hlub zoo li nyob mus ib txhis