5 qhov xwm txheej phem ntawm menyuam yaus cov kws sau paj huam, uas nws cov paj huam zoo li tsis muaj qab hau

2024 Tus sau: Richard Flannagan | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 00:06

Cov menyuam paj huam zoo li yog qee yam zoo li lawv cov paj huam: cov neeg yooj yim, ci nrog qhov yooj yim, ntsuas, tej zaum yuav kaj thiab zoo siab. Thiab tsuas yog raws li cov neeg laus, cov neeg nyeem nkag siab tias muaj qhov tsis zoo nyob hauv lub neej ntawm cov kws sau paj huam ntawm lawv thaum yau. Ntau txoj hmoo tuaj yeem hu ua tragic.

Tus kws lij choj Chukovsky

Hauv tsev kawm ntawv, koj tuaj yeem kawm los ntawm tus kws qhia ntawv saib xyuas uas Korney Chukovsky nyiam ua rau menyuam yaus ntxhov siab, thiab hauv tshav puam ntawm nws lub tsev thaum lub caij ntuj sov yeej ib txwm muaj menyuam yaus lub suab nrov thiab luag. Puas yog nws tsis txaus ntseeg uas tus kws sau paj huam tau sau paj huam tag nrho nws lub neej rau kev zoo siab ntawm menyuam yaus? Tab sis tsis yog: Chukovsky tuag xyoo 1969, thiab tag nrho nws cov paj huam qub haum rau lub sijhawm txij xyoo 1912 txog 1946, ntxiv mus, tom qab xyoo 1929, cov tshiab tshwm sim tsawg heev.

Nws yog qhov yooj yim xav tias Chukovsky ntsib kev tsim txom kev xav. Thiab yog li nws yog. Tag nrho ntawm qhov tsis muaj tseeb thiab qhov txawv, tus kws sau paj huam cov paj huam dab neeg tau tam sim no thiab tom qab ntawd tau pib ua lub npe raws li hais lus tsis zoo thiab cuam tshuam los ntawm kev muaj tiag. Tab sis qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb vim li cas Korney Ivanovich poob nws txoj kev mob siab rau yog qhov txaus ntshai tuag ntawm nws tus ntxhais yau Mura.

Mura raug mob los ntawm tuberculosis pob txha tau ntau xyoo. Chukovsky saib xyuas nws tus ntxhais, coj nws mus rau kws kho mob, tsoo qhov chaw rau nws hauv chav kuaj mob. Thaum kawg ntawm nws lub neej, nws tau tshem nws lub qhov muag, thiab tau txiav tawm lwm qhov, tab sis tus kab mob tsis rov qab, thiab tus ntxhais tau raug mob loj heev. Thaum nws tuag, nws tsuas muaj kaum ib xyoos xwb. Txog rau hnub kawg, leej txiv nyob ze tus menyuam thiab sim nplij siab thiab cuam tshuam nws, tham ntau teev lossis rov hais paj huam lom zem. Tsev neeg txoj kev tu siab tom qab Mura txoj kev tuag tau loj heev, thiab nws muaj zog heev rau Chukovsky.

Agniya Barto: koj puas xav tau ntau tus thwjtim?

Ntawm Chukovsky qhov kev thuam yog Barto, lwm tus menyuam nto npe sau ntawv. Nws tus kheej cov paj huam ib txwm tau mob siab rau qhov tseeb ib puag ncig tus menyuam, thiab txoj haujlwm no yog kev xav. Los ntawm kev ua phem tsis zoo ntawm txoj hmoo, Agniya Lvovna tau ntsib kev tu siab ib yam li Chukovsky: nws poob nws tus tub. Muaj tseeb, nws tuag sai. Tus tub hluas caij nws lub tsheb kauj vab tawm ntawm txoj kev. Nyob ntawd nws tau tsoo lub tsheb.

Agniya Lvovna tau ntsib qhov txaus ntshai ua tsis txaus ntseeg thaum nws kawm txog qhov xwm txheej. Txog lub sijhawm ntawd, nws tab tom xam phaj ib leej niam uas tau poob nws tus tub los ntawm lub plhaub tsoo, thiab tab tom xav txog yuav sau zaj dab neeg no li cas kom ntxaws dua, khaws rau ntawm daim ntawv qhov kev xav ntawm leej niam uas tsis muaj menyuam … Tam sim no nws tuaj yeem qhia lawv kom raug raws li qhov ua tau. Tab sis nws tsis xav tau ntxiv lawm.

Daniil Kharms: 3 Lab tus kiv cua tos koj rau Webtalk

Tus kws sau paj huam tsis nyiam menyuam yaus, thiab pib sau menyuam cov paj huam ib leeg vim nws ua rau nws muaj peev xwm ua neej nyob rau xyoo tshaib plab tom qab kev hloov pauv. Cov menyuam yaus tau sau paj huam hauv cov ntawv xov xwm "Hedgehog", "Chizh", "Sverchok" thiab "Oktyabryata". Ib qho ntxiv, cov tsev tshaj tawm tau tshaj tawm cov paj huam hauv cov phau ntawv cais.

Thawj thawj zaug, Kharms raug ntes nyob rau xyoo 1931, thiab nws yog rau menyuam yaus cov paj huam - lawv hais tias, nws txhob txwm ua phem rau cov menyuam Soviet, ua rau lawv tsis meej pem. Ntau tus menyuam cov kws sau paj huam tau tuav ib zaug ua ib lub koom haum sau ntawv tawm tsam Soviet. Qhov laj thawj yog kev ntshaw ntawm cov neeg tshawb nrhiav. Txog kev tshaj tawm ntawm ib qho kev tiv thaiv Sovietism lawv tau muab cov txiaj ntsig zoo … Kharms raug rau txim rau peb xyoos hauv chaw ua haujlwm, tab sis thaum kawg kab lus tau hloov pauv mus rau kev ntiab tawm. Ob peb lub hlis tom qab, tus kws sau paj huam raug xa rov qab mus rau nws haiv neeg Leningrad thiab, qhov tsis zoo.

Tam sim no lawv tau luam tawm Kharms tsis txaus siab, nws nyob ntawm tes mus rau lub qhov ncauj, ntsia nws nrog kev ua xyem xyav. Xyoo 1941 nws tau raug ntes ntawm qhov tsis lees paub. Kev hais tawm hais tias Kharms tau liam tias tau cog lus, yog tias nws tau mob siab rau, tua ntawm Soviets, tsis yog ntawm cov neeg German, thiab nws tau hais tias Soviet Union tau poob lawm. Kom tsis txhob raug tua, thaum mus sib hais, Daniil Ivanovich ua rau neeg vwm. Nws tau pauv mus rau lub tsev kho mob hlwb, thiab thaum lub sijhawm thaiv nws tuag vim kev tshaib plab nyob ntawd. Txawm li cas los xij, muaj ib qho version uas nws tuag tau sai dua thiab muaj lub siab hlub thiab nws tau raug tua, hais tias nws raug xa mus kho.

Elena Blaginina: 3 Lab tus kiv cua tos koj rau Webtalk

Hais txog qhov muaj koob npe, tus kws sau paj huam no tau sib cav nrog Barto: "Niam tsaug zog, nws nkees, Zoo, Kuv tsis tau ua si …" Nws tau sau nws tus kheej cov paj huam thiab txhais lus tsis paub ntau. Kuv nyob ntawm no. Thiab rau qhov no nws yuav tsum khaws pob khoom rau nws tus txiv, kws sau paj huam Georgy Obolduev. Nws raug ntes nyob rau xyoo 1933 rau "kev tawm tsam tiv thaiv Soviet." Xyoo 1934, nws txoj hmoo tau txiav txim siab thaum kawg, thiab peb xyoos nws nyob hauv kev ntiab tawm hauv Karelia.

Elena Aleksandrovna kuj tau sau cov lus neeg laus, tab sis tsis muaj leej twg xav tshaj tawm nws. Nws tsis yog hais txog nws tus txiv, tsis hais txog kev saib xyuas, thiab tsis hais txog kev sau paj huam zoo (nws paub sau paj huam). "Koj tau siv los pom menyuam yaus sau paj huam," nws tau hais ncaj qha. Feem ntau, tsis muaj leej twg npaj los pab nws tawm ntawm txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb.

Samuel Marshak

Nws yog qhov yooj yim xav txog tias kws sau paj huam ntawm haiv neeg Yudais tau muaj lub sijhawm nyuaj nyob rau xyoo "kev tawm tsam tawm tsam kev coj noj coj ua hauv ntiaj teb," uas yog, nrog kev tawm ntawm cov neeg Yudais lub siab tom qab kev ua rog rau cov neeg Ixayees. Qhov kev tawm tsam no thaum kawg ua rau muaj kev tawm tsam tiv thaiv cov neeg Yudais hauv ntau thaj chaw ntsig txog kev ua haujlwm thiab kev ua haujlwm. Txawm tias menyuam yaus tus kws sau ntawv, leej twg, nws yuav zoo li, tuaj yeem tshem tawm tsuas yog cov dab neeg thiab lus sib dhos hauv lawv lub taub hau thaum muaj ib yam dab tsi, tau raug ua xyem xyav: puas yog lawv tsis txhawb Zionism rau cov menyuam hauv kev zais?

Tab sis Samuil Marshak tsis tshua raug kov los ntawm lub xeev tawm tsam tiv thaiv qhov tshwm sim Zionism. Qhov tseeb, los ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd nws twb yog menyuam yaus kws sau paj huam - thiab tom qab ua tsov rog, qhov no twb tau txiav txim siab lawm. Ib qho ntxiv, nws yeej tsis tau qhia ib qho kev qhia tsis ncaj ncees rau cov tub ceev xwm. Tej zaum yog vim li cas nws thiaj li hla dhau los ntawm kev tshem tawm cov menyuam cov paj huam xyoo 1937. Ntxiv mus, Marshak tuaj yeem tiv thaiv tib neeg - zoo li Chukovsky thiab Brodsky.

Marshak qhov xwm txheej zoo ib yam uas tau ntsib los ntawm Chukovsky thiab Barto. Nws muaj peb tus menyuam - ob tug tub thiab ib tug ntxhais. Ib thiab ib nrab xyoo tus ntxhais Nathanael tswj kom thim rov qab samovar nrog dej npau rau nws tus kheej thiab tsis muaj sia nyob qhov kub hnyiab. Cov tub loj hlob los ntawm lawv txiv kev zoo siab, tab sis ib ntawm lawv, Yakov, tau mob hnyav nrog tuberculosis thiab kuj tuag thaum nees nkaum ib. Txawm hais tias nws tu siab, Marshak, tsis zoo li Chukovsky, pom lub zog kom ua haujlwm tau zoo, thiab ntau tus menyuam tuaj yeem hais tias Marshak cov paj huam thiab txhais lus tau dhau los ua ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm lawv txoj kev zoo siab thaum yau.

Lub neej ntawm tus kws sau paj huam txawv teb chaws cov menyuam yaus tseem tsis tau qab zib. Freemason thiab Tus Thawj Fwm Tsav Tebchaws Askiv tus kwvtij: 7 Qhov Tseeb Txog Rudyard Kipling.