Vim li cas cov tub rog sib tua cov neeg Swedes rau peb puas xyoo thiab Westeros tau ua dab tsi nrog nws?

2024 Tus sau: Richard Flannagan | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 00:06

Poland thiab Sweden zoo li yog lub tebchaws los ntawm ob lub ntiaj teb sib txawv. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv muaj ntau yam sib xws. Yeej - keeb kwm ntawm ntau qhov kev tsov kev rog. Los ntawm lub xyoo pua kaum rau kaum cuaj (suav nrog!), Ob lub tebchaws no tam sim no thiab tom qab sib ntaus sib tua. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, lawv tsuas yog yuav tsum tau ua luam dej hla Hiav Txwv Baltic.

Koj tawm tsam dab tsi?

Txhua qhov kev tsov kev rog tau ua rau tib yam - kom tau txais cov peev txheej ntxiv uas cuam tshuam rau lub sijhawm no, qee zaum kuj tseem muaj kev txiav txim siab txog kev nom kev tswv. Nyob rau xyoo kaum kaum, Sweden pib tawm tsam nrog Denmark thiab German lub nroog Lubeck, thaum Poland txuas nrog Denmark los tswj hwm ib feem ntawm Baltic Hiav Txwv kev lag luam. Poland tshwj xeeb tshaj yog txaus siab rau kev lag luam Lavxias -German - nws tau nrawm heev.

Kev tsov rog tom ntej hauv tib lub xyoo pua tau tawm tsam rau lub zwm txwv - tus huab tais Polish Sigismund, tom qab nws txiv tuag, King Johan ntawm Sweden, tau thov nws qhov chaw. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws tso siab rau Westeros txoj cai ntawm kev ua tiav lub zwm txwv. Tsis yog, qhov no tsis yog qhov ua yuam kev thiab peb tsis tham txog lub ntiaj teb ntawm George Martin - Westeros, qhov twg txoj cai no tau kos npe, lub nroog tiag hauv Sweden. Nws lub npe txhais ua "Sab hnub poob ntawm lub qhov ncauj dej", thiab koj tuaj yeem nyab xeeb mus rau qhov ntawd mus ntsib hauv peb lub sijhawm.

Nrog kev nkag los ntawm tus Vaj Ntxwv Catholic mus rau lub zwm txwv Swedish, lub tebchaws Protestants tsis pom zoo, thiab lawv tau maj nrawm, txawm tias ua ntej Sigismund txoj kev kav lub tebchaws, tau lees paub txoj haujlwm ntawm lub rooj sib tham dav dav, raws li Lutheranism tau tshaj tawm tias yog kev ntseeg hauv xeev ntawm Sweden. Sigismund tshaj tawm nws qhov tsis lees paub txog kev txiav txim siab sau - thiab nws tus txiv ntxawm, Duke Karl, tau tsa lub siab dawb siab zoo ntawm Sweden tawm tsam qhov raug cai, tab sis dhau los ua vaj ntxwv Catholic. Txhua yam nws tau xaus nrog qhov tseeb tias Karl tau los ua huab tais thiab, ua kev zoo siab, npaj cov ntshav da dej, tua txhua tus neeg siab zoo uas tau txhawb nqa Sigismund ua ntej.

Nyob rau xyoo kaum yim thiab kaum yim xyoo, cov neeg Suav tau sib tw nrog cov tub rog hauv kev sim tsim kev tswj hwm Russia thaum Lub Sijhawm Teeb Meem, tawm tsam tiv thaiv kev sib koom ua ke ntawm Cov Tub Rog thiab Lavxias, tawm tsam rau Livonia (tam sim no Baltic xeev) thiab, rau qee qhov yog vim li cas, tas li sim ua kom kov yeej txhua lub tebchaws Poland, thiab tsis yog nws lub ntug dej hiav txwv tseem ceeb rau kev lag luam hauv Baltic. Thaum kawg, kev sib ntaus sib tua Polish-Swedish kawg yog kev ua tsov rog nrog Napoleon-Cov Tub Rog yog nws cov phoojywg ncaj ncees, thiab cov neeg Swedes yog ib feem ntawm pawg tiv thaiv Napoleonic. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, raws li peb nco, Napoleon poob, thiab Poland yog ib feem ntawm Russia.

Ebba Txaus Ntshai

Ib qho ntawm qhov xwm txheej uas txawv tshaj plaws ntawm kev ua tsov rog Polish-Swedish rau Sigismund txoj kev nkag mus rau lub zwm txwv tau ua tiav yam tsis muaj kev koom tes ntawm Cov Tub Rog thiab hauv Finland feem ntau. Ob peb ntawm Baron thiab Baroness Fleming qhib sab nrog Sigismund, thiab ua tsaug rau baron, uas yog tus tswv xeev ntawm Finland, thaj av tau nyob hauv txoj cai ntawm huab tais Polish. Txawm li cas los xij, Fleming tuag, thiab Karl tau siv qhov zoo tam sim no los nqa cov tub rog. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb rau tuav ntug yog kom tau Abo Castle, uas yog Fleming tus poj ntsuam, née Ebba Stenbock thiab, los ntawm txoj kev, Karl tus npawg thiab Sigismund tus phauj tau nyob tam sim no.

Nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo nrog Karl, Ebba tsis tau qhia ib yam kev xav zoo thiab ua tus tiv thaiv ntawm lub tsev fuabtais, es tsis txhob ntsib nws tus nus nrog curtsies. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws tau xa xov thov kev pab rau huab tais tus tub xeeb ntxwv. Nws zoo li rau nws tias txhua yam uas xav tau yog tos kom cov tub rog Polish tuaj txog.

Stenbock ruaj khov tswj tuav lub tsev fuabtais kom ntev li ntawd nws tau nkag mus rau hauv cov lus dab neeg ntawm Sweden thiab Finland (nws txawm tias tau piav qhia hauv cov duab tha xim hauv lub xyoo pua puas xyoo), tab sis thaum cov khoom siv tawm, nws txiav txim siab tso nws. Karl tsis ntseeg tias txhua lub sijhawm no nws tau tawm tsam los ntawm tus poj niam, thiab thawj qhov nws tau ua yog los qhia lub cev ntawm Baron Fleming. Nws rub tus tuag los ntawm hwj txwv thiab hais tias, "Yog tias koj muaj txoj sia nyob, koj lub taub hau yuav muaj kev phom sij." Baroness teb sai heev: "Yog tias kuv tus txiv lig tseem muaj txoj sia, Koj txoj kev tshav ntuj yuav tsis nyob ntawm no."

Tom qab yeej, Karl tua ntau tus neeg muaj koob muaj npe uas yav tas los tau koom nrog Sigismund, tab sis zam nws tus npawg. Thaum xub thawj nws tau raug kaw hauv tsev hauv Stockholm, tab sis Ebbe tau tswj hwm nrhiav tus tub ceev xwm uas yuav tsum tiv thaiv nws ntawm nws ib sab thiab pib tawm tsam. Tau kawg, nws tau raug tshem tawm, tab sis Ebba tau raug zam dua thiab xa mus rau nws tus muam, Poj huab tais Dowager Katarina. Muaj cov neeg ntxeev siab phem tau xaus nws lub neej.

Nws xav li cas los tawm tsam hauv Kev Npau Suav

Kev ua tsov rog tom ntej, xyoo 1626, tau pib rau cov neeg Swedes, zoo li, zoo siab heev: rau qee qhov tsis paub vim li cas, cov tub rog Polish tso lub fortresses yuav luag tsis muaj kev sib ntaus - thiab thim rov qab, thim rov qab. Tab sis qee qhov kev tawm mus tas li tig mus rau kev tawm tsam, thiab cov tub rog nyob hauv kev coj ua ntawm Stanislav Konetspolsky pib tsim txom cov tub rog Swedish los ntawm txhua sab.

Thaum kawg, cov neeg Swedes yuav tsum tshaj tawm sai sai txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau nrhiav 50,000 tus tub rog tshiab (tawm tsam ib nrab ntawm pab tub rog Polish), nrog rau nrhiav kev pab los ntawm Transylvania, Russia, Ukrainian Cossacks, Crimean Tatars, Ottoman Empire thiab Protestant princes ntawm lub tebchaws Yelemes. Txhua leej txhua tus tsis kam nws, thiab tom qab lwm qhov kev sib ntaus sib tua, cov neeg Swedes thov kom muaj kev thaj yeeb nyab xeeb.

Kuv yuav tsum hais tias rau qhov kev ua tsov rog no muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau Cov Tub Rog, yog ib qho kev swb loj tshaj plaws ntawm cov tub rog Polish hauv keeb kwm tau tshwm sim - kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm kev npau taws. Kuv tsis txhais hais tias nyob hauv kev xav, tab sis lub nroog uas npog txoj kev mus rau Danzig, yog ib lub nroog tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau kev lag luam ntawm Hiav Txwv Baltic.

Cov tub rog tau raug kev sib ntaus sib tua vim yog kev sim ua ntej ntawm kev tawm tsam los ntawm lawv cov hussars nto moo hauv cov cuab yeej thiab nrog tis. Yog tias lawv tau dag, zoo li hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Krigholm, qhov twg 4,000 Tus Tsov Rog yeej 11,000 tus neeg Suav, thiab cia cov hussars tawm ntawm tus nplaim taws, ua piv txwv thaum xub thawj tias cov tub rog nyob hauv nruab nrab tau thim rov qab, tom qab ntawd qhov tshwm sim tuaj yeem sib txawv.

Taw nres los ntawm hiav txwv

Cov neeg Hungarians feem ntau suav tias yog Poles cov phooj ywg nyob ruaj khov, tab sis lawv tsis tau qhia lawv tus kheej hauv txoj kev phooj ywg zoo. Nyob rau nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua kaum xya, tus huab tais Swedish Charles X, hais tias nws tau ua qhov no kom tus vaj ntxwv Polish Jan Casimir tsis txav mus txeeb lub zwm txwv ntawm Sweden, coj nws cov tub rog mus rau Poland thiab sai sai, yog tias tsis yog tag nrho, ces yuav luag tag nrho lub tebchaws. Thaum cov tub rog pib tawm tsam, huab tais Hungarian tau xa nws cov tub rog mus rau kev pab ntawm cov neeg Swedes - ib txwm, tsis muaj kev tsis txaus siab, tab sis rau thaj av Polish. Hmoov zoo, Tebchaws Poland tau nrhiav cov phoojywg, suav nrog Denmark rov txiav txim siab nrog nws tawm tsam cov neeg Swedes.

Cov neeg Swedes, tsis xav txog ob zaug, tau tawm tsam Copenhagen los ntawm hiav txwv. Tsis muaj ib tus huab tais. Cov tub rog Swedish tau mus txog Danish peev ntawm cov dej khov, thiab qhov no zoo li yog ib qho kev tshwm sim zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kev ua tsov rog Swedish-Danish. Tom qab ntawd, Danes tau sim rov ua nws dua hauv qhov kev coj rov qab, tab sis cov neeg Swedes tau nqis tes ua sijhawm.

Los ntawm txoj kev, nws tsis yog thawj zaug rau Tub Ceev Xwm koom nrog Denmark hauv kev ua tsov rog. Rov qab rau hauv Nrab Hnub nyoog, Poj huab tais Sigrid, leej twg, raws li cov lus dab neeg, yog Polish Svyatoslav thiab tib lub sijhawm niam ntawm tus huab tais Swedish, tau sib yuav huab tais ntawm Denmark raws li lub hom phiaj, yog li nws tshaj tawm ua tsov rog rau Norway thiab tua Norwegian huab tais, uas ib zaug tsoo Sigrid ntawm lub ntsej muag. Los ntawm txoj kev, nws txoj phiaj xwm yog ib puas feem pua ua tiav.

Thiab nyob rau xyoo kaum yim, Russia twb tau thov ua tsov rog nrog Sweden, Poland thiab Denmark. Lub tswv yim yog los ntawm Peter I. Hauv qee kis, cov neeg Swedes, tawm ntawm tus cwj pwm, tsom mus rau tsav cov tub rog Polish hla tebchaws Poland, thiab qhov no tau dhau los ntawm nws txhais tes - nws tso cai ua phem rau cov neeg Swedes los ntawm sab hnub tuaj. Thaum kawg, Poland yooj yim rub tawm ntawm kev ua tsov rog thiab lees txais tus huab tais pro-Swedish, Stanislav Leszczynski. Tsuas yog tom qab yeej ntawm Poltava puas tau Poland rov kos npe rau kev sib koom tes nrog Russia, thiab tag nrho cov kev lom zem pib tshiab thiab … xaus nrog kev sib koom ua ke uas tsis tau pom dua ntawm Swedes thiab Poles.

Ntau lub tebchaws tau sau tseg hauv keeb kwm Polish. Cov neeg hauv paus txawm Tatars ntawm Poland: Vim li cas thiaj tsis muaj Pan hla Uhlans, tab sis muaj Muslim lub crescent.