Socialist realism yog peb txhua yam: Yuav ua li cas Nikita Khrushchev faib kev nthuav tawm ntawm cov neeg ua yeeb yam avant-garde

2024 Tus sau: Richard Flannagan | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 00:06

Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 1, 1962, nyob rau lub sijhawm 30 xyoo tseem ceeb ntawm Moscow ceg ntawm Union of Artists ntawm USSR, muaj kev nthuav tawm uas tau koom nrog Nikita Sergeevich Khrushchev nws tus kheej. Kev nthuav qhia nthuav tawm ua haujlwm los ntawm cov kws ua yeeb yam avant-garde. Thawj tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm Pawg Thawj Coj ntawm CPSU taug kev hauv chav peb zaug, thiab tom qab ntawd ua rau cov duab pleev xim rau kev thuam hnyav. Tom qab qhov kev nthuav tawm no, Soviet Union tsis nco qab lub sijhawm ntev uas kos duab kos duab yog dab tsi.

Lub rooj nthuav qhia tau teeb tsa ntawm Moscow Manege. Cov kws ua yeeb yam ntawm New Reality studio kuj tau nthuav tawm lawv cov haujlwm nyob ntawd. Daim duab avant-garde tau lees paub thoob plaws ntiaj teb tias yog kev kos duab, tab sis Khrushchev, tau coj los ntawm kev coj noj coj ua tiag tiag, tsis yog tsuas yog tsis nkag siab cov duab, tab sis tawg mus rau cov lus cog tseg:

Nikita Khrushchev tsis txaj muag hauv kab lus, nres ntawm txhua daim duab:

Tab sis feem ntau ntawm txhua qhov tau mus rau tus neeg tsim khoom ntawm avant-garde kev nthuav tawm, tus kws kos duab thiab kos duab theorist Eliy Mikhailovich Belyutin:

Tom qab qhov kev xav tau zoo los ntawm Khrushchev mus rau qhov kev nthuav tawm, ib tsab xov xwm tau tshwm sim hauv Pravda cov ntawv xov xwm uas ua tiav qhov kawg rau avant-garde kos duab. Cov kws ua yeeb yam pib raug tsim txom, nws los txog rau qhov KGB thiab Ministry of Internal Affairs tau kaw lawv rau kev nug nrog kev tsis ncaj ncees.

Txoj haujlwm ntawm avant-gardists hauv USSR tau txhim kho tsuas yog 12 xyoos tom qab. Thiab txawm tias tom qab ntawd, nws tsis yog tsis muaj kev tawm tsam. Thaum lub Cuaj Hlis 15, 1974, cov kws ua yeeb yam, txawm hais tias raug txwv los ntawm cov tub ceev xwm, tau teeb tsa kev nthuav tawm ntawm lawv cov haujlwm hauv qhov tsis muaj ntau. Ntawm cov neeg saib yog lawv cov phooj ywg, cov txheeb ze thiab cov neeg sawv cev ntawm xov xwm hauv tsev thiab txawv teb chaws.

Sai li cov duab tau teeb tsa, cov neeg ua haujlwm tam sim pom nrog cov yub, uas yuav tsum tau cog rau hnub Sunday. Lub rooj nthuav dav tsis ntev tshaj ib nrab teev, thaum cov tsheb nrau av, cov kais dej thiab cov tub ceev xwm tuaj txog ntawm qhov chaw tsis muaj neeg nyob. Lub dav hlau dej tau qhia rau tib neeg, cov duab tau tawg, cov kws ua yeeb yam raug ntaus thiab raug coj mus rau tub ceev xwm.

Cov xwm txheej, hu ua "Bulldozer Exhibition", ua rau muaj kev tawm tsam rau pej xeem. Cov neeg sau xov xwm txawv teb chaws tau sau tias cov neeg hauv tebchaws Soviet tau raug kaw hauv tsev yooj yim vim qhov xav qhia lawv lub tswv yim ntawm daim ntaub. Thiab rau qhov tsis muaj kev phom sij avant-garde cov duab nrog cov kws ua yeeb yam lawv ua txhua yam lawv xav tau.

Tom qab cov kab lus no, tsoomfwv Soviet tau yuam kom ua daim ntawv cog lus, thiab ob lub lis piam tom qab cov kws ua yeeb yam avant-garde tau teeb tsa kev nthuav qhia ntawm lawv cov duab hauv Izmailovo.

Lub npe Fabkis tus avant-garde tus kws kos duab Pierre Brasso, uas nthuav tawm nws txoj haujlwm hauv xyoo 1964, tau cuam tshuam nrog kev xav paub. Nws cov duab tau ua tiav zoo, tab sis, raws li nws muab tawm tom qab, daim ntaub thaiv tsis tau pleev xim los ntawm tus txiv neej, tab sis los ntawm liab.