Dab tsi Jan Vermeer encrypted hauv nws cov duab nyiam: Lub Cim Thaum Ntxov ntawm Kev Ua Yeeb Yaj Kiab

2024 Tus sau: Richard Flannagan | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 00:06

Nyob rau xyoo pua 17th, kev kos duab tus kheej ntawm cov kws ua yeeb yam yog qhov ib txwm muaj. Cov kws ua paj ntaub feem ntau pleev xim rau lawv tus kheej cov duab thiab cuam tshuam sab hauv ntawm lawv cov kev cob qhia. Lub npe nrov Jan Vermeer, tus lej tseem ceeb hauv Dutch Golden Age of Art, tsis muaj qhov tshwj xeeb. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tus kheej-tus kheej yog qhov txawv heev thiab zais ntau yam uas txaus nyiam!

Tus kheej-duab

"Allegory of Painting" (lossis "Artist's Rhiav") yog cov pleev xim rau ib hom nto moo los ntawm Delft tus kws kos duab Jan Vermeer, uas yog cov lus piv txwv loj ntawm kev kos duab, nrog rau tus kheej duab ntawm tus kws kos duab nws tus kheej. Nws ntseeg tias yog tus piv txwv loj tshaj plaws ntawm Dutch kev muaj tiag. Hauv "Allegory of Painting" tus kws kos duab pom nws tus kheej tom qab. Thiab vim tias tsis muaj lwm yam duab tseeb ntawm Vermeer, peb yeej tsis paub tias ib tus kws pleev xim zoo tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb zoo li cas. Muaj tseeb tiag, tus kws kos duab tau zais nws lub ntsej muag vim li cas. Yog li, Vermeer tsom ncaj qha rau nws chav studio, sab hauv thiab lwm yam cuam tshuam. Thiab lawv, los ntawm txoj kev, xav paub ntau heev. Nrog nws daim duab, Vermeer txiav txim siab nthuav qhia rau peb cov lus piv txwv ntawm nws cov khoom siv tes ua.

Vermer's nyiam sab hauv

Lub hauv paus yog chav nyob. Tseeb tiag, tshwj tsis yog lub tshuab nrog daim ntaub thaiv, txhuam ntawm sab tes xis thiab daim ntaub, peb yuav tsis xav tam sim ntawd tias chav no yog tus kws kos duab ua haujlwm. Lub tsev nyob muaj ntau yam zoo nkauj dua li tus kws kos duab lub studio, nrog cov chandelier kub, cov khoom zoo nkauj, cov pob zeb marble kim, thiab lwm yam. Yog lawm, qhov no yog tus kws kos duab lub tsev nyob - lub tsev loj hauv Delft, uas Vermeer tau piav ntau zaus hauv nws daim duab. Nws tau tsiv mus nyob ntawd txog 1657 thaum nws yuav Katharina Bolnes. Vermeer tseem khaws nws cov ntaub ntawv nyiam sab hauv hauv daim duab no: chav nws tus kheej zoo ib yam li cov chav ntawm lwm daim duab. Tag nrho cov vuas zoo ib yam, daim duab qhia chaw ntawm phab ntsa, ntaub ntaub, thiab lwm yam. Kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm chandelier kub yog ob lub taub hau dav dav, lub cim tseem ceeb ntawm Austrian Habsburg dynasty, yav dhau los cov thawj coj ntawm Holland. Lub chandelier tau ntseeg los sawv cev rau Catholicism, thiab tsis muaj cov tswm ciab nyob hauv nws yog qhov siv rau nws kev tua nyob hauv ib puag ncig Protestant. Tus so ntawm lub studio cov khoom kim heev thiab cov khoom ua piv txwv txog kev vam meej ntawm cov khoom. Qhov "ua yeeb yam" zoo ntawm cov phiaj xwm yog txhob txwm ua kom pom tseeb los ntawm daim ntaub ci ci uas nthuav tawm ntawm sab laug, zoo li yog qhia qhov xwm txheej. Sab nraum daim ntaub thaiv yog chav ci ntsa iab uas cov kws kos duab kos duab ntawm tus qauv.

Tus heroine ntawm kev cob qhia

Tus cwj pwm tseem ceeb yog, tau kawg, yog poj niam. Cov duab piav qhia txog lub sijhawm thaum tus kws kos duab tab tom yuav thov tus poj niam lub wreath rau ntawm daim ntaub. Wreath, horn thiab phau ntawv yog tus cwj pwm ntawm muse ntawm keeb kwm, Clio, yog ib ntawm cuaj tus yam ntxwv ntawm qib siab tshaj plaws ntawm kev kos duab thiab kev xav hauv Greek mythology.

Daim duab qhia chaw yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm sab hauv

Muaj daim ntawv qhia loj ntawm phab ntsa nyob tom qab ntawm chav. Kev nyem, quav thiab txawm tias tsis zoo ntawm thaj chaw canvas tau ua tiav zoo. Los ntawm txoj kev, daim duab qhia pom thaj chaw ntawm Netherlands qub. Cov duab meej yuav tsum tsis txhob xav tsis thoob, tus kws pleev xim los ntawm lub neej. Ib daim qauv ntawm daim duab no los ntawm 1635 tau pom nyob hauv National Library. Yog li, daim ntawv qhia thaj av ua pov thawj ob qho tib si rau tus tswv ntawm tus tswv, nrog rau kev hlub ntawm tus kws kos duab. Thiab txiav txim siab los ntawm qhov ntsuas ntawm daim duab qhia hauv kev cuam tshuam nrog qhov loj me ntawm daim duab, nws yog qhov tseem ceeb rau Vermeer los qhia lub tswv yim ntawm nws tus kheej ua Dutch kws kos duab.

Xim palette thiab teeb pom kev zoo

Ua tib zoo saib rau qhov chaw ci ntsa iab hauv daim duab - daj (phau ntawv) thiab xiav (tus ntxhais hnav khaub ncaws). Cov no yog Vermerer cov xim nyiam! Nyob rau yuav luag txhua daim duab thav duab koj tuaj yeem pom lub tsho daj, cov phau ntawv thiab cov paj ntaub xiav, ntaub pua tsev, khaub ncaws. Los ntawm txoj kev, raws li nws tau muaj pov thawj los ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb ntawm Vermerer cov duab, nws siv cov xim xiav uas kim tshaj plaws nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd - ultramarine, uas yog (thiab tseem nyob) ib qho ntawm cov xim xim kim tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb. Yuav ua li cas tus kws kos duab tau tswj hwm kev siv nyiaj nplua nuj ntawm ultramarine - tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tom qab teeb meem xyoo 1672 - tseem yog qhov tsis paub meej. Xyoo 1672 hauv keeb kwm ntawm Netherlands yog ib xyoo uas muaj hmoo. Xyoo no Tsoom Fwv Tebchaws ntawm Tsoom Fwv Tebchaws Meskas tau tawm tsam los ntawm Askiv, Fabkis, Münster thiab Cologne. Cov tub rog tau kov yeej Dutch cov tub rog thiab kov yeej feem ntau ntawm cov koom pheej. Cia peb rov qab mus rau chav thiab them nyiaj rau lub teeb. Chav yog teeb pom kev los ntawm sab laug los ntawm lub qhov rais uas tsis pom rau tus saib. Lub teeb poob qis rau tus poj niam lub ntsej muag, lub kaum ntawm lub rooj, ib feem ntawm phab ntsa thiab phau ntawv daj hauv tus ntxhais txhais tes. Vermerer lub teeb dej nyab yuav luag txhua tus kws kos duab, ua rau sab hauv tsis txaus ntseeg thiab nyob ntsiag to. Nws tsis yog rau qhov tsis muaj dab tsi uas tus kws kos duab tau hu ua "tus ua haujlwm ntawm lub teeb".

Tseem yog lub neej thiab lub tswv yim tseem ceeb ntawm Vermeer

Cov khoom ntawm lub rooj, zoo li feem ntau tshwm sim nrog Vermeer, qhia tus kws kos duab cov lus. Ib phau ntawv nrog cov duab kos yog kos duab, pleev xim rau phab ntsa yog cov duab puab, phau ntawv qhia txog tus nqi ntawm cov phiaj xwm thiab lub ntsiab lus rau peb, ntaub yog ib qho tseem ceeb décor rau kev ua tiav ntawm daim duab. Ib tus xov tooj ntawm cov kws thuam pom hauv lub neej no tseem muaj lub ntsiab lus tob, piv txwv li, ceeb toom ntawm Guild ntawm St. Luke. Nov yog zej zog ntawm cov kws ua yeeb yaj kiab, cov duab puab, cov ntaub pua plag, cov ntawv luam ntawv, thiab lwm yam. txuas ntxiv mus tham los ntawm cov kws ua yeeb yam, cov duab puab thiab cov neeg sau ntawv. Lub luag haujlwm ntawm tus kws kos duab hauv zej zog niaj hnub yog dab tsi? Puas yog nws yog tus tswv sib npaug rau cov kws ntoo, tus kws tshaj lij thiab cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub, lossis cov neeg muaj tswv yim, kws sau paj huam, kws kes duab vajtse, kws tsim txuj ci thiab kws txawj xav? Vermerer cov lus teb los ntawm prism ntawm nws cov duab zoo nkauj yog tias pleev xim yog sib npaug rau lwm yam kev kos duab, txij li nws muaj peev xwm sawv cev rau txhua qhov ua tau pom lub tswv yim thiab kev xav tsis zoo dab tsi nws pom nrog qhov tob thiab xim.

Vim li cas cov canvas thiaj suav tias yog qhov tshwj xeeb hauv Vermerer txoj haujlwm?

Allegory of Painting yog ib qho ntawm ob peb daim duab uas tseem nyob hauv Vermeer tsev neeg kom txog thaum tus kws kos duab tuag. Thiab txawm tias muaj teeb meem xyoo nyuaj ntawm kev lag luam nyuaj thiab tsis muaj nyiaj, tsev neeg tau sim khaws cov ntaub no, uas qhia nws tus nqi tshwj xeeb. Thaum lub Kaum Ib Hlis 1940, daim ntaub thaiv tau txais los ntawm Adolf Hitler los ntawm nws tus tswv suav Jaromir Chernin ntawm tus nqi 1.65 lab Reichsmarks (txiaj ntawm Peb Reich). Tom qab ua tsov rog, Asmeskas cov tub rog pom Hitler cov khoom muaj nqis, uas tau muab daim ntaub thaiv rau tsoomfwv Austrian. Tam sim no, Vermeer tus tha xim nyob hauv Kunsthistorisches Museum hauv Vienna. "Allegory of Painting" - pleev xim loj tshaj plaws los ntawm Vermeer (120 × 100 cm) tau txiav txim siab, ntawm lwm yam, nyiam ua haujlwm tshaj plaws ntawm tus kws kos duab.