Cov duab los ntawm cov kws kos duab Lavxias ntawm xyoo pua 20th, muag ntawm kev muag khoom hauv ntiaj teb rau ntau lab

2024 Tus sau: Richard Flannagan | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 00:06

Yuav luag txhua art divas ntawm thawj ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, uas yog neeg keeb kwm los ntawm Russia, tau xaiv Paris ua lawv lub chaw rau lub neej thiab kev tsim. Qee tus ntawm lawv pleev xim rau lawv cov duab rau khoom noj, lwm tus - los ntawm lub zog ntau dhau, tseem muaj cov uas ua haujlwm tsis tu ncua kom poob dej ntawm qhov mob uas tsim txom lub cev thiab tus ntsuj plig. Tab sis txhua tus poj niam no tau tso tseg qhov cim tseg tsis raug ntawm keeb kwm ntawm kev pleev xim tsis tsuas yog nrog lawv cov cuab yeej cuab tam kos duab, tab sis kuj nrog qhov xwm txheej ntawm txoj hmoo.

Txog thaum pib ntawm xyoo pua 20th, cov poj niam muaj txuj ci hauv kev kos duab tau qhia lawv tus kheej tsis tu ncua, uas yog vim lawv li xwm txheej hauv zej zog thiab poj niam txiv neej tsis sib xws. Lawv yuav tsum kov yeej cov xwm txheej nyuaj heev txhawm rau txhawm rau mob siab rau lawv tus kheej rau kev kos duab.

Tab sis twb tau nyob hauv lub xyoo pua XX, txhua yam tau hloov pauv ntau: cov poj niam los ntawm ntau lub tebchaws, nrog rau txiv neej, kawm hauv tsev kawm txuj ci kos duab, koom nrog kev ua yeeb yam hauv lub neej, nthuav tawm lawv cov haujlwm ntawm kev nthuav tawm, yog cov tswv cuab ntawm ntau lub koom haum muaj tswv yim thiab txiav txim siab.

Thiab nyob rau tebchaws Russia lub sijhawm no tau cim los ntawm qhov pom ntawm txhua lub galaxy ntawm cov kws tshaj lij: Natalia Goncharova, Alexandra Ekster, Nadezhda Udaltsova, Lyubov Popova, Varvara Stepanova, Olga Rozanova, Vera Khlebnikova thiab ntau lwm tus.

Zinaida Serebryakova (1884-1967)

Serebryakova yog tus kws kos duab tiag tiag uas tau ua raws nws cov poj koob yawm txwv, uas nws yawg thiab yawg yog tus kws kos duab, nws txiv yog tus kws pleev xim thiab kos duab, thiab nws tus txiv ntxawm yog tus kws kos duab nto moo thiab thuam. Txij thaum yau los, Zinaida nyob hauv qhov chaw muaj tswv yim, yog li nws koom nrog kos duab thaum ntxov, uas dhau los ua nws txoj hmoo. Los ntawm kev yuav poj niam nkauj muam nraug nus, nws tau ua kev txaj muag ntawm txhua tus neeg txheeb ze. Nws yuav tsum tau tsiv teb tsaws chaw, tseg nws cov menyuam nyob hauv Russia.

Niaj hnub no, tus kws kos duab lub canvases raug muag hauv kev ua lag luam kos duab kom tau nyiaj zoo heev. Thiab nyob hauv Paris, nws yuav tsum tau muag lawv rau tsuas yog npib, thiab feem ntau tsuas yog muab rau lawv rau cov neeg siv khoom. Vim yog kev txom nyem uas tus kws ua yeeb yam nyob, nws txawm yuav tsum pleev xim nrog nws txhais tes.

Cov pleev xim nto moo tshaj plaws los ntawm Zinaida Serebryakova, uas coj nws lub koob meej thiab kev lees paub, yog tus kws kos duab tus kheej "Behind the Toilet" (1909). Niaj hnub no txoj haujlwm no ntawm tus kws kos duab tau khaws cia hauv Tretyakov Gallery. Thiab daim duab "Thaum Noj Tshais" (1914), tus phab ej uas yog Serebryakova menyuam yaus, suav tias yog ib tus menyuam yaus zoo tshaj plaws.

Xyoo 2015, ntawm Lavxias Sotheby kev muag khoom hauv London, daim duab "Tus Ntxhais Tsaug Zog" los ntawm tus kws kos duab Zinaida Serebryakova mus rau hauv qab rauj rau 3.85 lab phaus, uas yog kwv yees li 5, 9 lab daus las. Thaum xub thawj, daim duab no tau kwv yees los ntawm cov kws tshaj lij ntawm 600-900 txhiab daus las, tab sis thaum lub sijhawm muag khoom nws tus nqi nce rau rau zaug. Cov canvas tau txais los ntawm tus neeg sau khoom uas xav kom tsis qhia npe.

Raws li kev txheeb cais ntawm kev muag khoom yav dhau los, Kuv xav sau tseg tias ntau qhov haujlwm ntxiv uas ua los ntawm tus kws kos duab hauv cov nkauj liab qab tau ua tiav hauv kev ua lag luam kos duab. Yog li xyoo 2006 (Sotheby's, London) "Reclining Nude" (1930) tau muag rau 1.7 lab daus las, thiab "Sleeping Nude" (1931) - rau 1, 4. Hauv xyoo tom ntej, peb daim duab ntxiv nrog poj niam liab qab Serebryakova tau muag rau tag nrho $ 5.5 lab.

Natalia Goncharova (1881-1962)

Natalia Goncharova yog "Amazon ntawm avant-garde" thiab tus poj niam xeeb ntxwv ntawm tib yam Natalia Nikolaevna Goncharova, thiab niaj hnub no nws yog ib tus kws kos duab kim tshaj plaws hauv keeb kwm kev kos duab.

Nws kawm qhov nyuaj ntawm kev pleev xim nrog tus kws pleev xim nto moo thiab tus kws qhia Konstantin Korovin. Tom qab ntawd, ua ke nrog nws tus txiv - M. F. Larionov, tus kws kos duab avant-garde, yog ib tus tsim ntawm "Donkey's Tail" koom haum. Thiab xyoo 1915, tau txais kev caw los ntawm Sergei Diaghilev, nws tawm mus rau Paris los tsim cov khoom tsim tawm ntawm Paris Opera thiab Ballet Theatre.

Txog rau hnub tim, kev ua haujlwm ntawm Natalia Goncharova ntawm kev muag khoom tau hla tus nqi ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm txhua tus neeg ua yeeb yam hauv ntiaj teb. Xyoo 2008, tus nqi teev tseg hauv "poj niam pawg" tau tawg los ntawm daim duab "Paj" (1912), uas tau muag ntawm Christie kev muag khoom ntau dua $ 10.9 lab. Cov ntaub ntawv no, sib txuas cov ntsiab lus ntawm European kev xav thiab kev coj ua tshiab uas tsim los ntawm Goncharova thiab nws tus txiv-qhov hu ua "rayonism", suav tias yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm Lavxias avant-garde.

Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias tus nqi muag tag nrho ntawm 10 daim duab dhau los los ntawm tus kws kos duab tau ntau dua $ 50 lab ntawm Christie's thiab Sotheby kev kos duab kos duab. Niaj hnub no, ntau yam ntawm Natalia Goncharova cov haujlwm kuj tseem nyob hauv Tretyakov Gallery.

Tamara tsib Lempicka (1898 - 1980)

Tamara de Lempicka yog ib tus kws ua yeeb yam nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm kev tsim txuj ci kos duab tshiab ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th. Ib tus kws kos duab nrog Polish keeb kwm, uas nyob hauv St. Petersburg, thaum pib ntawm cov xwm txheej hloov pauv, txuag nws tus txiv los ntawm tsev loj cuj, khiav nrog nws mus rau Paris. Nyob ntawd nws yuav ntsib nws tus kws qhia, Andre Lot. Hauv kev ncaj ncees, nws yuav tsum tau hais tias tus kws kos duab yuav tsis sawv rau lub easel vim yog lub neej zoo.

Muaj muag tag nrho tsev neeg cov nyiaj kub, ntsib kev txom nyem thiab tsis muaj nyiaj, Tamara yuav tsum nco ntsoov nws lub peev xwm kos duab. André Lot tau tsim thiab dhau mus rau nws qhov kev paub txog hluavtaws cubism. Nrog kev pab ntawm qhov kev hloov pauv yooj yim ntawm cubism, Tamara muaj peev xwm los tsim nws cov duab kos nrog cov lus qhia ntawm cov classic - cov poj niam zoo nkauj duab thiab liab qab, uas Parisian bourgeois mob siab rau yuav. HER cov haujlwm tau ua tiav zoo, uas tso cai rau tus kws kos duab coj mus rau txoj kev ua neej bohemian heev.

Ua ntej muaj Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob, de Lempicka tau tsiv nrog nws tus txiv thib ob, Baron, mus rau Tebchaws Meskas. Thiab muaj kev txaus siab rau nws txoj haujlwm maj mam ploj mus. Tab sis nyob rau xyoo 60, Art Deco rov pom nws tus kheej nyob rau saum npoo ntawm nthwv dej, tab sis twb yog lub cim ntawm lub sijhawm dhau los. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov nce ntawm tus nqi.

Xyoo 2011, ntawm Sotheby qhov kev sib tw muag khoom, nws daim duab "Npau Suav (Raphael on a Green Background)" (1927) muag rau $ 8, 48 lab teev tus sau phau ntawv. Nyuam qhuav pib hauv cov npe no, cov thawj coj tau kos duab "Portrait of Marjorie Ferry" ($ 4, 9 lab) thiab "Portrait of Madame M." ($ 6,1 lab).

Alexandra Exter

Alexandra Exter yog tus kws kos duab qub thiab muaj ntau yam, nws txoj kev muaj tswv yim tau tshawb nrhiav tas li. Nws, nrog rau Kazimir Malevich, yog tus sawv cev tseem ceeb ntawm "Tsev Kawm Ntawv Lavxias ntawm avant-garde", uas sawv ntawm nws keeb kwm.

Nyob hauv Fab Kis, nws tau phooj ywg nrog Pablo Picasso, Georges Braque, Guillaume Apollinaire, thiab xyoo 1914, rov qab los ntawm Paris mus rau Russia thiab paub zoo txog qhov ua tiav kawg ntawm European avant-garde, nws ua rau ntau tus neeg Lavxias ua yeeb yam nrog cov tswv yim tshiab. Nyob rau hauv lem, nyob rau hauv kev cuam tshuam ntawm tus sau ntawm "Black Square", tus kws kos duab tau nqa mus los ntawm qhov tsis yog lub hom phiaj kos duab. Tau ntau xyoo nws tau qhia hauv Kiev, ua haujlwm nrog Alexander Tairov Chamber Theatre hauv Moscow. Txawm li cas los xij, xyoo 1924 nws yuav tsum tawm mus rau Paris.

Lyubov Popova (1889 - 1924)

Lyubov Popova yog tus tswv ntawm Lavxias avant-garde, tus kws pleev xim thiab kos duab kos duab, xibfwb ntawm VKHUTEMAS, uas nws ua haujlwm nrog Vesnin, Tatlin thiab Malevich. Qiv lawv cov kev paub dhau los thiab dhau los ntawm Suprematism mus rau kev tsim qauv ntawm kev pleev xim pleev xim, Popova tsim nws tus kheej tshwj xeeb, uas txawv ntawm "txiv neej" avant-garde hauv kev zoo nkauj dua. Qhov no tau xav txog hauv nws daim duab tha xim thiab tsim textile. Lub tsev ua yeeb yam tsis muaj neeg txawv rau tus kws kos duab: nws dai kom zoo nkauj Meyerhold. Lyubov Popova kawm tha xim tsis yog hauv Moscow nkaus xwb, tabsis tseem nyob hauv Ltalis thiab Fabkis. Txawm li cas los xij, tus kws kos duab lub neej tau txiav luv luv los ntawm ua npaws liab. Tsis ntev ua ntej ntawd, nws yuav tsum faus nws tus txiv thiab tus tub.

Cov duab avant-garde kim tshaj plaws tseem yog Lub Neej Nrog Tais, muag xyoo 2007 ntawm Sotheby's rau $ 3,521,395.

Txog cov poj niam uas muaj txuj ci ua yeeb yam uas tau ua haujlwm nyob rau xyoo 16-19 thiab tau rhuav tshem txoj kev xav hauv keeb kwm ntawm kev kos duab hauv kev tshuaj xyuas.