15 qhov paub me ntsis txog Tsev Kho Mob tag nrho, uas ua rau tib neeg poob siab los ntawm qhov tseeb Thomas Eakins

2024 Tus sau: Richard Flannagan | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 00:06

Asmeskas tus kws pleev xim tiag tiag Thomas Eakins tau nto moo rau nws cov duab, uas tau pleev xim rau hauv qhov kev nthuav dav uas lawv qee zaum yuam kev rau cov duab. Tab sis nws txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog tha xim "The Gross Clinic", pleev xim rau xyoo 1875 thiab ua suab nrov nrov.

1. Eakins hlub nws lub nroog

Eakins txaus siab rau nws tus kheej los ua neeg nyob hauv Philadelphia thiab feem ntau tau txais kev tshoov siab los ntawm cov xwm txheej hauv nroog zoo ib yam. Eakins tsim Lub Tsev Kho Mob tag nrho los ua kev hwm rau tus kws phais neeg hauv nroog Samuel Gross.

2. Kev ua haujlwm ntawm chav haujlwm

Gross lub tsev kho mob tau nyob ntawm Jefferson College of Medicine hauv Philadelphia, los ntawm qhov uas Gross kawm tiav xyoo 1828 thiab tom qab ntawd rov qab los ua xibfwb nyob rau xyoo 1856. Thaum nws xyaum ua haujlwm ntawm Jefferson College, Gross tau los ua tus thawj tswj hwm 20th ntawm American Medical Association, tom qab ntawd nws tau tsim lub koom haum American Surgical Association thiab Society of Pathologists ntawm Philadelphia.

3. Eakins tau tshoov siab los ntawm Rembrandt

Kev pleev xim los ntawm tus kws kos duab Dutch nto moo Rembrandt "Zaj Lus Qhia Txog Lub Cev ntawm Dr. Tulpa", uas piav qhia txog kev phais lub cev thiab lus qhuab qhia ntawm lub cev, ua rau tus kws kos duab Eakins kos rau hauv cov kws phais tshwj xeeb, cov tub ntxhais kawm, cov neeg saib thiab tag nrho nws tus kheej.

4. Txaus ntshai tiag tiag

Eakins txawv ntawm txhua tus neeg pleev xim uas pleev xim rau kev phais. Rembrandt thiab lwm tus kws ua yeeb yam tau piav yav dhau los cov kws kho mob ua haujlwm ntawm cov neeg tuag. Tsawg tus neeg mob siab rau piav txog kev phais mob ntawm tus neeg mob zoo li Eakins.

5. Txais tos los ntawm tus tswv

Yog tias koj saib ze ntawm sab xis ntawm daim duab, koj tuaj yeem pom tus txiv neej hauv lub tsho dub, uas, ua tib zoo saib xyuas kev ua haujlwm, tab tom sau qee yam hauv phau ntawv sau. Nov yog Eakins nws tus kheej.

6. Ib qho ntawm cov duab loj tshaj plaws los ntawm Eakins

Gross Clinic yog ib qho ntawm Eakins qhov kev nyiam ua tshaj plaws.

7. Barbaric restorers

Thaum thawj qhov kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm daim duab, nws yuav luag puas. Xyoo 1929, tus kws kos duab tus poj ntsuam, Susan Eakins, tau hais tawm nws txoj kev npau taws rau qhov kev kho dua qub ntawm daim duab, thov tias cov kua roj vanish tau ua tsis raug. Tab sis txhua yam tau phem dua nyob rau xyoo 1940 thaum rov kho dua Hannah M. Horner muab cov ntaub qhwv rau ntawm lub thauv plywood.

Vim tias qhov loj ntawm daim ntaub, Horner siv ob daim plywood cais. Tau ntau xyoo, khoov thiab ua kom tawg ntawm ob daim plywood no yuav luag faib cov duab ua ob. Hmoov zoo, Horner kev saib xyuas tsis zoo tom qab tau kho thiab cov kua roj vanish raug tshem tawm.

8. Eakins kev tshoov siab

Cov tha xim yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm Eakins qhov kev tshoov siab. Txij li tus kws kos duab tsis xav tau los ua kom tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm cov neeg siv khoom, nws tau sim ua kev ywj pheej nrog ib daim ntawv ntawm "kev paub tiag tiag".

9. Kev cia siab loj

Dua li qhov tseeb tias tha xim tsis muaj tus neeg yuav khoom tshwj xeeb, Eakins tau ua tiav nws tus kheej hauv txoj haujlwm thiab vam tias nws cov duab yuav zoo siab. Nws siv sijhawm ib xyoos ntawm Gross Clinic, yav tas los tau ua rau me me duab ntawm Dr. Eakins vam tias yuav nthuav tawm nws cov duab ntawm xyoo 1876 kos duab kos duab.

10. Xim ntawm cov rooj tog kho mob

Pawg neeg xaiv rau kev nthuav tawm kos duab tau poob siab los ntawm qhov kev piav qhia hauv cov duab pleev xim ntawm cov txheej txheem phais. Yog li ntawd, es tsis txhob muab cov canvas tso rau hauv chav kos duab, nws tau nthuav tawm hauv ntu tshwj xeeb rau cov duab ntawm rooj tog kho mob.

11. Qhov ua tau zoo kawg ntawm "Chess Players"

Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lwm daim duab ntawm Eakins - "Cov Chess Players" - nyiam ua tiav zoo kawg li. Cov roj pleev xim, uas piav txog peb tus txiv neej xav txog lub chessboard tiv thaiv lub nraub qaum ntawm qhov chaw ntxim nyiam, tau txais zoo heev ntawm tib lub rooj nthuav qhia xyoo 1876. Hnub no daim duab no nyob hauv Metropolitan Museum of Art.

12. "Clinic Gross": tsis muaj leej twg xav li cas

Ob peb daim duab tau txais kev tshuaj xyuas tsis txaus ntseeg. New York Tribune tau sau txog daim ntaub: "Nov yog ib qho uas muaj hwj chim tshaj plaws, txaus ntshai, tab sis cov duab tsis txaus ntseeg uas tau sau tseg nyob rau tiam no … nws tsuas yog tsis rau lub siab muag." Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, Philadelphia Yav tsaus ntuj Telegraph tau hais tias: "Nws yog qhov zoo heev uas qhov kev tsis txaus siab ntawm pawg neeg xaiv tsa tau ua rau qhov tseeb tias daim ntaub no tsis ua rau lub rooj nthuav qhia tseem ceeb."

13. Ib qho haujlwm ntxiv

Xyoo 1889, Topas Eakins pleev xim rau Lub Tsev Kho Mob ntawm Dr. Cov tha xim tau raug tsis kam nkag mus rau ib qho kev nthuav qhia ntawm Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts hauv xyoo 1891, thiab kev nthuav tawm los ntawm Lub Koom Haum Asmeskas Cov Kws Ua Yeeb Yam ntawm New York xyoo 1892.

Raws li qhov tshwm sim, daim duab tau pom ntawm 1893 Ntiaj Teb Kev Ncaj Ncees, qhov uas nws tau raug thuam rau nws cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws txog kev phais thiab qhia txog poj niam liab qab.

14. Tsev Kawm Ntawv Qib Siab Jefferson tau yuav Gross Clinic

Lub Tsev Kho Mob tag nrho tau sai sai los ntawm cov neeg kawm tiav ntawm Jefferson Medical College rau $ 200, tom qab ntawd lawv tau muab daim ntaub thaiv rau tsev kawm qib siab. Rau ntau dua 131 xyoo, cov xim tha xim tau sau hauv tsev kawm qib siab, thiab xyoo 2006 nws tau muag rau $ 68 lab rau Philadelphia Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Kev Kos Duab thiab Pennsylvania Academy ntawm Kev Ua Yeeb Yam Zoo.

15. Wave ntawm indignation

Thaum pib, Tsev Kawm Ntawv Thomas Jefferson, uas yog Jefferson College of Medicine nyob, npaj yuav muag cov canvas rau cov tsev sab nrauv tus kws kos duab lub nroog, xws li National Gallery of Art hauv Washington lossis Crystal Bridges Museum of American Art hauv Bentonville, Arkansas.

Kev npau taws los ntawm cov zej zog kos duab hauv nroog tau coj mus rau kev nrhiav nyiaj txiag hauv Philadelphia txhawm rau khaws cov tha xim hauv Eakins lub nroog.

Connoisseurs ntawm kev kos duab niaj hnub yuav zoo siab thiab diptych cov duab uas tuaj yeem pom tsis kawg.