Moscow nyob rau xyoo 19th cov duab: txawm tias Bolsheviks yeej tsis tau pom dua li lub peev

2024 Tus sau: Richard Flannagan | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 00:06

Cov duab coj hauv Moscow thaum tig xyoo 1850s-1880s yog qhov nthuav heev los sib piv nrog cov qauv hauv nroog loj niaj hnub no thiab txawm tias yog kev tsim vaj tsev nyob rau ib puas xyoo dhau los, thaum lub nroog tab tom hloov pauv. Cov duab no yog lub sijhawm tshwj xeeb los saib seb Moscow qhov chaw nto moo zoo li cas txog 150 xyoo dhau los.

1. Saib los ntawm Ivan the Great mus rau sab qab teb sab hnub tuaj, ntawm Sadovniki thiab Kotelniki, 1850s - 60s

Daim duab qhia pom tus choj Moscow. Nws tseem muaj cov ntoo ntoo, uas yuav ploj thaum hluav taws hauv xyoo 1870.

Thiab txoj kev txhim kho ntawm Raushskaya cov kwj dej yog qhov sib txawv kiag li txawm tias qhov uas twb muaj lawm thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua nees nkaum. Rakhmanov lub tsev chav tsev, ua ntej ntawm Soviet Bucharest Hotel thiab twb tsis yog-Soviet Baltschug Kempinski Hotel, tsis pom tom qab tus choj. Tsis muaj ib qho piv txwv ntawm ob lub tsev nyob ntawm Sadovnicheskaya Street lossis lub tsev ntawm Central Power Plant. Tsuas yog thaj chaw rau ib tus neeg niaj hnub no yog lub Koom Txoos ntawm Nikola Zayitsky.

Peb saib daim duab ntxiv: - Bolshoi Ustyinsky Choj tseem tsis tau tsim;

- Ntug dej ntawm Moskva River thiab Yauza tseem yog cov dej ntshiab huv;

- Tutolmin lub tsev huab tais (lub teeb pom kev loj nyob saum tus dej nyob hauv nruab nrab ntawm tus ncej) tseem tsis tau puas los ntawm kev hloov pauv uas tau pib xyoo 1990;

- Kotelniki thiab Taganka tau ua tiav nrog cov tsev me me. Ntawm sab laug ntawm daim duab koj tuaj yeem pom meej Batashovs lub tsev, qhov chaw Yauzskaya tsev kho mob yuav nyob me ntsis tom qab, thiab Martin lub Confessor lub tsev teev ntuj.

2. Saib Zamoskvorechye los ntawm lub qhov rais ntawm lub tsev tshiab (tom qab ntawd) lub Tsev Ua Rog, 1850s

Nws yog xyoo 1850 uas lub laj kab laj kab tshwm ntawm Grand Kremlin Palace thiab Armory. Nws yog nws leej twg tau nkag mus rau hauv tus ncej. Ntawm Bolotnaya Square, kab ntawm cov chaw khaws khoom tau tsa los ntawm tus kws kes duab vajtse Bykovsky xyoo 1842 tuaj yeem pom.

Qhov tsis txaus ntseeg "ib lub ntsej muag" ntawm Cemetery Embankment yuav sawv mus txog rau xyoo 1970s. Thiab Sofia puag (hauv daim duab nws yog nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej) nrog cov vaj tsev ntawm hom faj tim teb chaws tuaj yeem pom niaj hnub no tsuas yog hauv cov duab tsis tshua muaj

Tam sim no hais txog peev lub tsev loj:

3. Panorama ntawm Zamoskvorechye, qhib los ntawm lub sam thiaj ntawm Grand Kremlin Palace, (1856)

Raws li koj tuaj yeem pom hauv daim duab, lub tsev ntawm 1850 tseem yog "Lub Tebchaws" nyob rau hauv cov qauv, tab sis lawv twb pib sib txawv me ntsis ntawm cov ntawv. Yog li …

Faleev lub tsev (Faleevsky txoj kab thiab niaj hnub no, zoo li ntau xyoo dhau los nws tau khiav hla ciam teb sab hnub poob ntawm cov cuab yeej no) tau sab laug yam tsis muaj 6 kab ntawv.

Saum toj ntawm lub ntsej muag ntawm Obolenskaya lub tsev, uas nyob ze li ntawm nruab nrab ntawm qhov chaw pom kev, tsis muaj ib daim duab peb sab ntxiv lawm. Niaj hnub no lub tsev no tau poob rau hauv kev puas tsuaj.

Lwm lub tsev uas paub zoo hauv lub nroog yog Durasov Palace, uas nyob hauv 2 xyoo lawm yuav tau los ntawm lub chaw ua dej qab zib Kharitonenko. Yuav luag ib nrab ib puas xyoo tom qab, nws tus tub yuav tsim nws tus kheej lub tsev tshiab, nyob rau hauv uas British Embassy yuav nyob hauv qab Bolsheviks.

Daim duab kawg qhia lub nruas ntawm Cathedral ntawm Christ tus Cawm Seej, uas tseem nyob ib puag ncig los ntawm scaffolding.

4. Choj Pob Zeb Loj. Duab ntawm 1857

Loj Pob Zeb Choj. Txoj kev nws yog thaum xub thawj. Nws tab tom yuav raug rhuav tshem. Raws li kev nco qab, nws yuav luag tsis tuaj yeem ua luam dej ntawm qhov txuas ntawm tus choj. Muaj ib lub ford ntawm no txij li lub sijhawm puag thaum ub, tab sis los ntawm xyoo 1850s qhov dej ntiav ntiav zuj zus tuaj.

Lub sijhawm ntawd muaj chav da dej sab laug. Daim duab qhia kev taug kev thiab da dej. Shacks nruab nrab ntawm tus dej nqes hav thiab Prechistenskaya embankment muaj txog 1870, thaum lawv raug rhuav tshem raws li lub tsev muaj nqis thaum lub sijhawm txhim kho ntawm cov kwj dej ze ntawm Cathedral ntawm Tswv Yexus tus Cawm Seej.

5. Thaj tsam ntawm Bolshoi Kamenny Choj, 1855-57

Daim duab no tau thaij los ntawm lub tsev tswb tshiab uas tau tsim los ntawm lub Koom Txoos ntawm St. Nicholas ntawm Bersenevka. Lub tsev tswb qub tsis pom dua, uas, muaj txoj sia nyob, yuav poob rau sab laug ntawm tus ncej. Lub qub tswb pej thuam towered hla lub xyoo pua 17th embankments nrog kokoshniks. Lawv tau muaj txoj sia nyob mus txog hnub no.

Nyob rau sab qaum teb, koj tuaj yeem pom cov tsev qub ntawm cov peev txheej ua ntej hloov kho. Vim muaj ntau lub tsev thiab choj, Prechistenskaya embankment yog qhov ua tsis pom kev. Koj tuaj yeem pom cov chav qub ntawm Zotov, tseem nyob hauv lub tebchaws Empire nrog lub mezzanine. Lub mezzanine tau kho dua tshiab tsuas yog xyoo 1911. Nws tsim nyog sau cia tias lo lus "chav" tau muaj txoj sia nyob mus txog niaj hnub no - Phau Ntawv Chamber ntawm Lavxias Federation nyob hauv lub tsev niaj hnub no.

6. Saib ntawm Kremlin mus rau Cathedral of Christ the Savior, 1857-58

Saib ntawm tib lub nroog loj ib yam li hauv ob daim duab dhau los, tab sis los ntawm lub kaum ntse ntse sib txawv. Lub tuam tsev tseem tab tom tsim, nyob rau sab laug koj tuaj yeem pom cov tsev pheeb suab uas cov neeg tsim khoom nyob. Bolshoi Kamenny Choj yuav tsuas yog tsim nyob rau xyoo 1859, thiab hauv daim duab no tus choj qub tau raug rhuav tshem thiab tsim qauv ib ntus tab tom tsim.

Daim duab no thim qhov kev xav thoob plaws tias hav zoov raug tshem tawm ntawm lub tuam tsev tsuas yog xyoo 1860. Cov tuam tsev Patriarchal tseem pom thaum pib ntawm Lenivka. Ntawm sab laug ntawm daim duab muaj lub Koom Txoos ntawm Ilya lub Obydenny tsis muaj lub tswb pej thuam. Lub tswb pej thuam yuav tsa tsuas yog xyoo 1867.

7. "Tshiab" tsev ntawm Moscow University ntawm Mokhovaya, 1884

Nov yog li cas University Moscow tau saib xyuas kev rov txhim kho los ntawm kws kes duab vajtse Tyurin xyoo 1832. Lub "lamppost dome" tseem tsis tau raug tsim ua lub hauv paus nruab nrab ntawm lub tsev, sab nraub qaum hauv ib feem ntawm lub tsev tseem tsis tau raug coj tawm, yog li muaj cov ntawv sau rau ntawm lawv qhov chaw. Niaj hnub no, kev rov tsim kho dua tshiab no yuav suav tias yog qhov tsis lees txais.

8. Iberian Gate, 1874

Iberian Gate tom qab kho dua tshiab xyoo 1820. Nws yog qhov tsim nyog tau txais kev mloog zoo rau kev ua teb chaws ntawm qis dua. Thaum lub sijhawm rov kho dua, uas yuav tshwm sim hauv 100 xyoo, "Naryshkin" décor yuav rov qab los, txawm tias lub sijhawm luv luv.

Tsis muaj cov khoom ntxim nyiam nyob rau sab laug thiab sab xis ntawm lub qhov rooj. Lub tsev ntawm Cov Chaw Pej Xeem ntawm lub sijhawm Catherine (lub ntsej muag ib sab ntawm sab laug) thiab Zemsky Prikaz ntawm Petrine era tseem nyob li qub.

Tom qab ntawd peb mus rau Red Square.

9. Zemsky Prikaz, saib los ntawm Chaw Pej Xeem thiab Kazan Cathedral, 1860

Lub tsev hauv nroog European-style tau tshwm sim hauv Moscow xyoo 1699. Thaum xub thawj, nws tau dai kom zoo nkauj nrog lub spire zoo ib yam ntawm lub Kremlin yees. Nws tsim nyog sau cia tias lub npe Zemsky Order yog qhov muaj txiaj ntsig zoo, txij li yuav luag tam sim tom qab pom lub tsev, nws raug tshem tawm. Lub tsev muaj ntau lub tsev haujlwm. Tsev khaws puav pheej Keeb Kwm tau tsim rau ntawm qhov chaw no hauv xyoo 1881

10. Lub tsev ntawm Zemsky Prikaz ua ntej rhuav tshem, thawj ib nrab ntawm xyoo 1870s

11. Saib ntawm Zemsky Prikaz lub tsev los ntawm phab ntsa Kremlin

12. Spasskaya Ntauwd, 1860s. (! NB Tus pej thuam tsis yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm no)

Nyob rau ntawm cov xwm txheej nto moo tshaj plaws hauv tebchaws Russia, nws tsim nyog pom cov tsev teev ntuj ze ntawm Spasskaya Tower, ua xyoo 1802. Cov tsev teev ntuj no yuav raug rhuav tshem xyoo 1868, thiab cov "Byzantine" tshiab yuav raug tsa nyob hauv lawv qhov chaw. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, raws li txoj haujlwm tau thov los ntawm tus kws kes duab vajtse Gerasimov, strelnitsa yuav raug txum tim rov qab los, tso tseg lub portal qub. Nws yog nyob rau lub sijhawm no uas tsis lees paub kev kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm cov keeb kwm yav dhau los hauv kev nyiam keeb kwm keeb kwm.

13. Kev thov Vajtswv ntawm Varvarka kom hwm kev rov kho ntawm Romanov chav, 1858

Cov chav ntawm lawv tus kheej yog qhov ua tsis pom hauv daim duab - ib qho me me ntawm sab xis. Tej zaum, thaum lub sijhawm thaij duab, cov chav hauv lawv tus kheej tsis muaj txiaj ntsig tshwj xeeb. Tom qab rov tsim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov chav ntawm xyoo pua 17th, ntoo teremok tau tshwm sim raws li lub tswv yim ntawm tus kws kho vajtse Richter. Hauv daim duab koj tuaj yeem pom cov cell qub ntawm Znamensky Monastery. Lawv tseem tsis tau muaj sijhawm los tsim lawv rau lub hom phiaj muaj txiaj ntsig.

14. Txauv Square, Ilyinka. 1864 xya

Txauv Square ntawm Ilyinka. Kev lag luam classicism kav ntawm no. Xyoo 1830, cov kws kes duab vajtse Bykovsky thiab Kazakov tau tsim lub Txauv Txiaj Ntsig thiab Pavlov lub tsev, lawv tsis tau rov kho dua. Lub tsev ntawm Lub Koom Txoos ntawm Paraskeva Pyatnitsa yog pom tom qab kev pauv pauv. Xyoo 1865 lub tsev teev ntuj tau raug rhuav tshem, thiab twb tau tsim xyoo 1870 los ntawm kev hloov pauv cov khoom lag luam tshiab ntawm lub xaib no raws li txoj haujlwm ntawm kws kes duab vajtse Kaminsky.

Xyoo 1876, thawj tsib lub tsev nyob hauv Moscow, Trinity-Sergius Monastery, yuav tshwm ntawm sab xis ntawm lub ces kaum. Nyob rau sab laug ntawm daim duab yog lub tshav puam ntawm Joseph-Volokolamsk Monastery (1884).

15. Saib ntawm Nikolsky Greek Monastery los ntawm lub tswb pej thuam ntawm Epiphany Monastery, 1883

Nyob rau ntawm xub ntiag ntawm daim duab yog Lub Tsev Teev Ntuj ntawm Epiphany Monastery, tau tsim tsa los qhuas John John Baptist. Nws yuav raug rhuav tshem hauv xyoo 1905, thiab lub tsev teev ntuj muaj txiaj ntsig tau tsim tsa ntawm qhov chaw no. Yog lawm, txawm tias tom qab ntawd cov tsev Moscow tau raug rhuav tshem kom tau txais txiaj ntsig nyiaj txiag, tab sis xyoo ntawd qhov no tsis loj heev. Txiav txim los ntawm cov qauv vaj tsev, lub tswb pej thuam tau tsa hauv xyoo 1760-1770. Lub tswb pej thuam uas tuaj yeem pom ntawm qhov chaw no hauv Moscow hnub no tau tsim xyoo 1902.

16. Zaikonospassky monastery, 1898

Ib sab ntawm Nikolsky Greek yog Zaikonospassky monastery. Daim duab tau yees ua ntej lub tswb tswb tshiab thiab tau tsim lub tsev tshiab raws txoj kev Nikolskaya xyoo 1900. Ntawm sab xis ntawm daim duab yog lub tswb pej thuam ntawm Greek Monastery, uas tau qhia hauv daim duab dhau los.

17. Voskresenskaya Square, thawj ib nrab ntawm xyoo 1870s

Tseem tsis muaj Lub Nroog Duma nyob sab laug, lossis Grand Hotel nyob sab xis. Lawv lub sijhawm tseem tsis tau los txog. Tab sis koj tuaj yeem pom lub tsev ntawm Chaw Pej Xeem, qhov uas "tsev kaw neeg nuj nqis" nyob, uas Muscovites hu ua "Pit". Baroque style tau nthuav qhia rau lub tsev los ntawm tus kws kes duab vajtse Heiden, rov qab rau hauv lub sijhawm Anna Ioannovna, tab sis hauv daim duab no lub tsev zoo li lub tsev qub.

Lwm qhov nthuav dav hauv daim duab yog tus ciav dej-folding, uas, raws li koj pom, yog nrov heev. Cov dej tau muab coj los rau hauv lub xwmfab, tabsis tseem tsis muaj dej nyob hauv cov tsev.

18. "Chelyshi" ntawm qhov chaw yav tom ntej "Metropol", 1880s

Theatre square hauv qhov zoo saib. Koj tuaj yeem nyeem txog qhov kev paub no yog lub sijhawm ntawd hauv Gilyarovsky.

19. Tsev khaws puav pheej Polytechnic, saib tom qab ntawm phab ntsa Kitaygorodskaya

Hauv daim duab, cov kws tshaj lij hnub tim los ntawm 1877, tsuas yog lub tsev loj tau ua kom deb li deb. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias lub tswv yim yog daim duab ua ntej lawm, txij li kev ua haujlwm ntawm pediment tseem tsis tau tiav. Ntawm ob sab ntawm lub tsev muaj cov seem ntau, uas cov tsev khaws puav pheej tom ntej yuav tshwm sim. Lub tsev uas pom hauv daim duab tau raug khaws cia zoo kom txog rau thaum lub sijhawm Soviet.

Lub tsev qis ntawm Lubyansky hla tau pom tom qab lub tsev.

20. Barbarian Square, 1872

Daim duab no qhia txog lub tsev ntawm Cov Neeg Theatre. Lawv hais tias lub tsev ua yeeb yam no tau nrov heev ntawm Muscovites, tab sis lub tsev nws tus kheej tsis nyob ntev. Ntawm sab xis - Lubyansky hla mus ncaj rau Maroseyka, thiab sab laug - lub yees ntawm Kitay Gorod (Ntau yam thiab Ilyinskaya).

21. Varvarskaya Square, duab 1860s - 70s

Txhua yam uas tau txhaj rau hauv qhov kev txhaj tshuaj no yuav ploj tom qab 30-40 xyoo. Ntawm sab laug, ntawm lub ces kaum ntawm Salt Proezd, ib chav tsev yuav nce. Lub Delovoy Dvor yuav nce mus rau sab xis, tsim los ntawm lub tsev. Lub tiaj tiaj yuav tig mus rau sab qis ntawm Lubyanka Square.

22. Saib los ntawm lub tswb pej thuam ntawm lub Koom Txoos ntawm Kev Txiav Txim ntawm Yauhas tus Muab Neeg Ua Kev Cai Raus Dej nyob ze Bor, 1860s - 70s

Cov tsev qis ntawm Sadovnikov ua rau nws muaj peev xwm pom Kremlin thiab ib feem ntawm Red Square (peb tsis suav nrog tsuas yog lub tsev tsim ntawm lub tshav puam Kokorevsky). Ntawm sab xis yog Tus Npua-Hlau Choj. Nws tau tsim tsa los ntawm tus kws kho vajtse Witte xyoo 1835, thiab twb tau ua tiav xyoo 1889 lawm.

Vladimir Gilyarovsky tau hais txog Moscow lub sijhawm ntawd hauv txoj kev nthuav thiab zoo nkauj hauv nws phau ntawv "Moscow thiab Muscovites". Peb tau sau 20 qhov tseeb nthuav txog Moscow thiab Muscovites, uas tau pom los ntawm Gilyarovsky … Lawv tso cai rau koj mus rau hauv lub neej ntawm cov peev ntawm qhov pib ntawm ib puas xyoo.

Nco ntsoov xyuas peb cov ntawv dhau los: cov duab xim ntawm pre-revolutionary Russia coj los ntawm Proskudin-Gorsky, thiab cov duab ntawm pre-revolutionary Russia hauv 1896, coj los ntawm Frantisek Kratki … Tsis muaj qhov tsis txaus ntseeg dua li cov duab qub, nws zoo li zoo heev video ntawm Moscow 1908.