Cov txheej txheem:
- Samuel Marshak
- Tus kws lij choj Chukovsky
- Boris Pasternak: 5 Lab tus kiv cua tos koj rau Webtalk
- Rita Wright-Kovaleva
- Nora Gal Ib
- Marina Tsvetaeva: koj puas xav tau ntau tus thwjtim?
- Anna Akhmatova, tus kws kho mob
Video: 7 tsis nco qab cov neeg txhais lus Soviet uas tau qhia nyeem rau Western ntawv
2024 Tus sau: Richard Flannagan | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 00:06
Heev feem ntau cov npe ntawm cov kws txhais lus txhais tau yam tsis nco qab. Txhua leej txhua tus paub cov npe ntawm cov kws sau ntawv ntawm kev ua haujlwm, tab sis lawv tsis nco qab cov ua tsaug rau lawv qhov kev tsim tsis txawj tuag tau dhau los tsis yog rau cov neeg hais lus ntawm lawv hom lus nkaus xwb. Tab sis ntawm cov neeg txhais lus nto moo kuj tseem muaj npe Soviet thiab Lavxias sau ntawv, thiab lawv cov kev txhais lus feem ntau dhau los ua cov txuj ci tiag tiag.
Samuel Marshak
Tus kws sau paj huam Lavxias pib koom nrog kev txhais lus hauv nws cov hluas, thiab thaum muaj hnub nyoog 20 xyoo, Samuil Marshak twb tau tshaj tawm cov paj huam los ntawm Chaim Nakhman Bialik, uas nws tau txhais los ntawm Yiddish. Tsib xyoos tom qab, thaum mus ncig ua lag luam hauv tebchaws Aas Kiv, Samuil Yakovlevich tau nyiam ua paj huam Askiv thiab pib txhais cov nkauj ua lus Lavxias. Nws cov ntawv txhais tau hais tias lawv yooj yim thiab nkag tau yooj yim, txawm hais tias tus kws sau paj huam nws tus kheej tau hais tias txoj haujlwm no tuaj yeem raug suav tias yog kev kos duab siab thiab nyuaj heev. Ntawm nws tus lej muaj ntau dua ob puas paj huam hauv Lavxias los ntawm Burns ib leeg. Nws kuj txhais lus Shakespeare, Swift, Blake, Wordsworth, Byron thiab ntau ntxiv.
Tus kws lij choj Chukovsky
Korney Ivanovich nyiam Asmeskas kws sau paj huam thiab tshaj tawm Walt Whitman thiab tau koom nrog txhais cov haujlwm ntawm tus sau no thoob plaws nws lub neej, thawj zaug tshaj tawm nws cov ntawv sau rov qab rau xyoo 1907. Rau ntau dua 30 xyoo, The Anarchist Poet Walt Whitman, txhais los ntawm Chukovsky, tau luam tawm 10 zaug. Tus nqi tshwj xeeb ntawm txoj haujlwm no yog tias Chukovsky coj kev txhais lus kom ze li sai tau rau qhov qub, khaws cia txawm tias Whitman lub suab sib dhos thiab suab nrov. Ib qho ntxiv, tus kws sau paj huam kuj tau txhais cov paj huam: Conan Doyle, O. Henry, Mark Twain thiab lwm tus neeg sau ntawv.
Boris Pasternak: 5 Lab tus kiv cua tos koj rau Webtalk
Tus kws sau paj huam nto moo paub Fabkis, German, Askiv thiab Georgian. Nyob rau lub sijhawm thaum Soviet cov tub ceev xwm tsis kam tshaj tawm nws tus kheej cov haujlwm, Romain Rolland qhia Pasternak kom kawm Shakespeare, thiab Vsevolod Meyerhold tau yaum nws kom npaj txhais lus ntawm Hamlet rau ua yeeb yam. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, "Hamlet", "Romeo thiab Juliet", "Macbeth" thiab "King Lear" tau luam tawm los ntawm tus kws sau paj huam tus cwj mem. Ntxiv rau Shakespeare, Boris Pasternak txhais Baratashvili, Tabidze, Byron, Keats thiab lwm tus kws sau ntawv. Nws cov ntawv txhais lus tsis yog lus, tab sis qhia qhov ci ntawm cov duab, tus yam ntxwv thiab kev xav ntawm tus phab ej ntawm kev ua haujlwm.
Rita Wright-Kovaleva
Ua tsaug rau Rita Wright, kev ua haujlwm ntawm Jerome David Salinger, Kurt Vonnegut, Edgar Poe, Franz Kafka thiab ntau lwm tus kws sau ntawv txawv tebchaws thawj zaug tshwm sim hauv Lavxias. Nws tuaj yeem hla kev nruj censorship thiab sau txawm tias piav qhia ntawm lub khw kas fes yooj yim tshaj plaws nrog paj huam. Nws hais lus Fab Kis thiab German zoo, thiab tom qab ntawv Askiv tau ntxiv rau lawv. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws tau txhais ob yam lus ua lus Lavxias thiab lus German, tshwj xeeb, "Mystery-buff" ntawm qhov kev thov ntawm Vladimir Mayakovsky, nws tau txhais ua ntej thaum muaj 22 xyoos. Xyoo 1950, nws kuj kawm lus Bulgarian.
Nora Gal Ib
Tam sim no nws nyuaj rau xav, tab sis Eleanor Galperina nkag mus rau cov kws qhia txuj ci kev ntseeg 17 zaug thiab txawm li cas los tau dhau los ua tub ntxhais kawm ntawm Lenin Pedagogical Institute hauv Moscow. Qhov laj thawj rau qhov tsis kam ua tsis yog qhov ua tsis tiav hauv kev xeem. Nws tsuas yog tias nws txiv tau poob rau hauv kev sib tw skating ntawm Stalin qhov kev tsim txom, thiab yav tom ntej tus neeg txhais lus nto moo tam sim ntawd tau txais kev qias neeg ntawm "tus ntxhais ntawm tus yeeb ncuab ntawm cov neeg." Nws thawj zaug luam tawm txhais tau ua haujlwm los ntawm Theodore Dreiser, HG Wells thiab Jack London. Tab sis nws txoj haujlwm nto moo tshaj plaws yog "Tus Tub Vaj Ntxwv Me" los ntawm Exupery. Ua tsaug rau Nora Gal, tus neeg nyeem Soviet tau paub txog Dickens, Camus, Bradbury, Simak thiab lwm tus kws sau ntawv.
Marina Tsvetaeva: koj puas xav tau ntau tus thwjtim?
Tom qab rov qab mus rau USSR los ntawm kev tsiv teb tsaws chaw, Marina Ivanovna Tsvetaeva yuav luag tsis sau nws tus kheej, tab sis nws tau koom tes nrog kev txhais lus. Nws zoo li tau hnov qhov kev xav thiab lub suab nrov ntawm thawj txoj haujlwm, thiab txhua kab ua pa nrog kev xav nyob. Marina Tsvetaeva tau txhais cov haujlwm ntawm Federico Garcia Lorca, Johann Wolfgang Goethe, Hersch Weber, William Shakespeare thiab ntau tus kws sau ntawv txawv teb chaws.
Anna Akhmatova, tus kws kho mob
Tus kws sau paj huam Lavxias paub ntau yam lus txawv teb chaws thiab ua haujlwm nrog Fabkis, Bulgarian, Askiv, Portuguese, Korean, Italis, Greek, Greek, kws sau paj huam Armenian, nrog rau cov paj huam los ntawm cov kws sau ntawv los ntawm lwm lub tebchaws. Tus kws sau paj huam nws tus kheej tsis nyiam txhais lus, tab sis nws raug yuam kom ua qhov no thaum nws tus kheej tsis ua luam tawm kiag li. Txawm hais tias tus kws sau paj huam feem ntau raug thuam tsis yog tsuas yog tus sau tab sis kuj yog tus txhais lus, nws muaj peev xwm tshaj tawm ntau phau paj huam, suav nrog cov paj huam Suav thiab Kauslim.
Niaj hnub no peb paub me ntsis txog lub neej ntawm tus poj niam no muaj peev xwm kawg. Nws lub npe tsuas yog paub rau hauv lub voj voos ntawm cov kws tshaj lij - cov neeg txhais lus thiab cov nkauj thuam. Txawm li cas los xij, cov kws tshawb fawb ntawm nws cov cuab yeej cuab tam paub tseeb tias yog tsawg kawg ib feem me me ntawm Sofia Sviridenko cov haujlwm tau tshaj tawm, tom qab ntawd "nws yuav dhau los ua qhov tseeb tias nws txoj haujlwm yog ib qho ntawm qhov loj tshaj plaws thiab tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv kab lis kev cai ntawm thawj peb lub hlis twg ntawm nees nkaum. xyoo pua ". Lub sijhawm no, peb txhua tus paub txij thaum menyuam yaus tsuas yog tsim nws - zaj nkauj "Pw tsaug zog, kuv zoo siab, tsaug zog."
Pom zoo:
Dab tsi yog phau ntawv txhais lus thiab phau ntawv txhais lus uas xav tau kom nkag siab keeb kwm ntawm Nrab Hnub nyoog thiab lub sijhawm niaj hnub no
Cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb dhau los, thiab cov kab lus hauv phau encyclopedias thiab phau ntawv txhais lus kawg 10 - 15 xyoo. Hauv lub sijhawm ntawm Wikipedia, cov ntawv siv tau dhau los ua qhov xav tau tsawg. Txawm li cas los xij, Wikipedia, thaum hloov kho nrawm dua, yog tsis sib xws. Muaj cov ntawv zoo thiab muaj cov uas tsis muaj zog. Thiab tseem, peb muaj dab tsi niaj hnub no hauv Nruab Nrab Hnub Nyoog thiab Hnub Nyoog Kawg Thaum Ntxov?
10 qhov tsis nco qab tsis nco qab Soviet cov yeeb yaj kiab kev hlub uas tsim nyog rau cov neeg mloog
Ntau zaj yeeb yaj kiab Soviet tau dhau los ua cov yeeb yaj kiab, lawv tau nyiam thiab kho dua ob peb zaug, thiab cov phiaj xwm thiab cov lus ntawm cov cim tau paub los ntawm lub siab. Txawm li cas los xij, ntawm qhov piv txwv ntawm Soviet xinesmas kuj tseem muaj cov uas tau raug tsis nco qab lawm, thiab TV raws zoo li tsis quav ntsej lawv lub neej. Txawm li cas los xij, cov yeeb yaj kiab no tsim nyog tsis muaj kev saib xyuas tsawg dua los ntawm cov neeg saib dua, piv txwv li, zoo ib yam "Lub caij ntuj no Cherry" lossis "So ntawm koj tus kheej kev siv nyiaj"
Cov neeg muaj suab npe Lavxias uas nco txog cov qub txeeg qub teg tau cog lus tias yuav tsis nco qab
Niaj hnub no peb xav kov lub ntsiab lus tu siab ntawm tus cwj pwm ntawm cov qub txeeg qub teg kom nco txog lawv cov txheeb ze nto moo. Hmoov tsis zoo, qee zaum nws tshwm sim nrog lub hnub nyoog, ib zaug nyiam ntawm tag nrho lub tebchaws dhau los tsis muaj txiaj ntsig rau leej twg. Qee leej ua neej nyob laus laus hauv kev txom nyem, thaum lwm tus tom qab lawv tuag tseem nyob hauv qhov tsis nco qab. Cov txheeb ze ntseeg siab ntseeg tias txij li tus kws kos duab tau nyiam, tom qab ntawd tag nrho lub ntiaj teb xav tau los sau rau lub ntees tuag thiab lub tsev teev hawm. Yog li kho siab thiab lawv lub ntxa tseem nyob yam tsis muaj ntawv sau npe raug cai, thiab qee zaum tseem saib xyuas
22 daim npav npav nrog cov lus coj txawv txawv thiab tsis meej pem los ntawm Dahl's "Cov Lus Txhais Txhais Lus ntawm Kev Ua Neej Zoo Lus Lavxias"
Vladimir Dal tau txais kev kawm paub kho mob hauv tsev kawm qib siab thiab thaum ua tsov rog nrog Tub Rog yog neeg nyob hauv tsev kho mob St. Tab sis feem ntau ntawm txhua qhov nws xav paub txog haiv neeg. Nws yog phooj ywg nrog Pushkin, Zhukovsky, Krylov, Gogol, Yazykov, Odoevsky, thiab yog li ntawd tsis muaj dab tsi coj txawv txawv uas nws txiav txim siab sim nws txhais tes ntawm cov ntawv nyeem. Tseeb, nws thawj phau ntawv yog "Lavxias Fairy Tales. Thawj Hnub Friday”(1832) raug txwv. Thiab tsuas yog peb caug xyoo tom qab tau pom lub teeb ntawm nws qhov kev xav loj - "
Lub neej ntawm Russia nyob rau xyoo pua puv 19 hauv cov duab pleev xim uas tsis nco qab tus kws kos duab Alexei Korzukhin, uas tau nyiam ntawm Western kev muag khoom
Lub npe Alexei Ivanovich Korzukhin tsis tshua tau hais txog ntawm cov neeg ua yeeb yam Lavxias uas muaj npe nyob rau xyoo pua puv 19. Tab sis qhov no tsis ua rau nws muaj tswv yim qub txeeg qub teg tsis tseem ceeb hauv keeb kwm ntawm kev kos duab. Korzukhin yog tus kws kos duab zoo, yog ib tus neeg pleev xim zoo tshaj plaws ntawm Lavxias, uas nws lub npe tsis tau hnov qab. Thaum nws cov duab yog cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj tseeb ntawm lub neej thiab kev ua neej ntawm cov neeg Lavxias hauv ib puas xyoo ua ntej kawg