Yuav ua li cas hauv USSR cov pioneer thiab cov neeg laus khaws cov ntawv pov tseg, thiab cov neeg txais tos dag lawv

2024 Tus sau: Richard Flannagan | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 00:06

Kev sau cov ntawv pov tseg tau nco los ntawm cov uas tau mus kawm ntawv nyob rau xyoo xya caum thiab yim caum ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th. Cov hav zoov nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd tau txo qis, muaj cov ntawv tsis txaus, uas ua rau muaj kev sib zog ntau ntxiv ntawm kev sau thiab ua cov khoom siv raw thib ob. Lub luag haujlwm rau cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb no tau muab rau cov tho kev. Xyoo 1974, yuav tsum tau sau cov ntawv pov tseg pov tseg, nqa tawm ob zaug hauv ib xyoos. Nyeem li cas cov tub ntxhais kawm sau cov ntawv, nkag mus rau kev pom zoo nrog cov neeg so haujlwm, thiab cov txheej txheem tsis ncaj ncees tau siv los ntawm cov neeg txais cov ntawv pov tseg li cas.

Yuav qhia cov menyuam li cas kom sau cov ntawv rov ua dua tshiab

Yog li, txoj haujlwm khaws cov ntawv rov ua dua tshiab tau muab los ntawm lub tebchaws rau cov menyuam kawm ntawv. Cov menyuam nyob rau hauv cov xim liab tau taug kev ncig cov chav, nug yog tias tsis muaj ntawv xov xwm thiab ntawv xov xwm tsis tsim nyog. Lawv yeej xav cawm tsob ntoo. Tom qab tag nrho, nws tau tshaj tawm txhua qhov chaw tias "Kuv tau muab daim ntawv thiab cawm tsob ntoo". Cov txheej txheem tau txais sai sai. Cov tsev kawm ntawv tau txais lawv tus kheej cov nqi rov ua dua tshiab. Kev sib tw tau muaj nyob nruab nrab ntawm cov chav kawm thiab tsev kawm ntawv, lub hom phiaj uas yog txhawm rau nce kev txaus siab rau hauv cov txheej txheem. Tau kawg, cov neeg laus kuj tau koom nrog khaws cov ntawv pov tseg. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv qhov kev txaus siab tau piav qhia, ua ntej tshaj plaws, los ntawm txoj hauv kev los yuav cov phau ntawv nyuaj-rau-nrhiav: rau qhov no nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau muab tsawg kawg 20 kg ntawm ntawv.

Cov nyhuv yog, thiab txawm dab tsi. Qhov kawg ntawm lub xyoo caum, tsawg kawg 2.1 lab tons ntawm cov ntawv pov tseg tau xa rov qab txhua xyoo, uas yog 22% ntawm txhua daim ntawv tsim tawm. Cov neeg coob (kwv yees li 90%) ntawm cov pej xeem tau txais rov qab, hauv daim ntawv ntim khoom rau khoom. Nyob rau cov hnub ntawd, cov hnab yas tsis txaus.

Yuav ua li cas cov tsev kawm ntawv ntawm pioneer txhawb, thiab cov menyuam tau kos npe rau daim ntawv cog lus nrog cov so haujlwm

Kev tshaj tawm hauv USSR ua haujlwm tau zoo. Cov menyuam yaus ntseeg tias 20 kg ntawm cov ntawv pov tseg yuav tiv thaiv tsob ntoo nruab nrab ntawm qhov tuag. Yog li ntawd, ob zaug hauv ib xyoos, hauv lub tshav puam ntawm cov tsev kawm ntawv, cov pob zeb tiag tiag tau tsim los ntawm cov khoom lag luam uas tsis tsim nyog - cov ntawv xov xwm thiab ntawv xov xwm, phau ntawv sau thiab phau ntawv tau coj tuaj ntawm no. Cov thawj coj hauv tsev kawm ntawv tau sim txhawb cov pioneer los ntawm kev txhawb nqa cov yeej. Feem ntau, kev caij tsheb npav tau muab los ua khoom plig. Cov me nyuam kuj txaus siab rau yeej. Cov hluas pioneer siv ntau txoj hauv kev los khaws cov ntawv pov tseg. Piv txwv li, lawv tau nkag mus rau hauv qhov kev pom zoo nrog cov neeg so haujlwm nyob hauv cov tsev nyob ze. Lub ntsiab lus yog cov neeg qub yuav khaws cov ntawv xov xwm qub, ntawv xov xwm, thiab lwm yam ntawv rau lawv hauv kev sib pauv rau kev pab ua haujlwm hauv tsev.

Qee zaum nws tau mus txog qhov tsis muaj qab hau. Hauv kev rau siab kom yeej thawj qhov hauv kev khaws cov ntawv pov tseg, qee cov tub ntxhais kawm siv lawv niam thiab txiv txoj kev hlub khaws cov tsev qiv ntawv. Muaj qee kis thaum, tsis taug qab tus menyuam, cov niam txiv tsis muaj phau ntawv tsis txaus. Thiab nws tseem nyuaj siab yog tias, nrog rau phau ntawv, "stash" tau ya tawm ntawm lub tsev, uas feem ntau tau muab zais ntawm cov nplooj ntawv. Cov tsev kawm ntawv tau txais nyiaj rau khaws cov ntawv pov tseg, tus nqi tuaj yeem ncav cuag 20 kopecks ib kg. Cov nyiaj tau txais feem ntau yog siv rau cov khoom siv hauv tsev, yuav khoom siv hauv chaw ua haujlwm, thiab lwm yam. Qhov txaus txaus, nws yog qhov tseem ceeb heev (thiab tsis yooj yim li ntawd) xa cov ntawv pov tseg mus rau qhov chaw khaws khoom raws sijhawm thiab muab nws tso rau qhov ntawd.

Kev dag nrog cov ntawv pov tseg: tsis muaj rov qab - tsis pom qhov twg

Nws hloov tawm tias teeb meem tuaj yeem tos tos tus neeg sawv cev ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv ncaj qha thaum tau txais cov khoom siv theem nrab. Qee tus neeg lees txais cov ntawv tsis ncaj ncees tsis kam nqa daim ntawv mus txog thaum tus neeg pom zoo kho qhov hnyav tsawg dua qhov tseeb. Qhov sib txawv, qhia hauv rubles, nkag mus rau hauv lub hnab tshos ntawm tus neeg ntxeev siab.

Teeb meem cuam tshuam nrog kev tshem tawm cov khoom siv rov ua dua tau tos hauv tsev kawm ntawv nyob deb nroog lossis cov tsev kawm ntawv uas nyob deb ntawm cov ntsiab lus sau. Muaj qee kis thaum sau cov ntawv pov tseg raug hlawv yooj yim, vim hais tias tsev kawm ntawv cov thawj coj tsis tuaj yeem nqa tsheb mus nqa tawm. Tu siab, qhov no tshwm sim.

Kuv hla 20 kg - Kuv nyeem Dumas

Cov pioneer yog cov pioneer, tab sis lub xeev tseem xav tau cov neeg laus ib yam nkaus. Lawv ua tiav. Xyoo 1974 tseem tsis tau muaj cov ntawv zoo li niaj hnub no. Cov ntawv sau zoo, tshwj xeeb los ntawm cov kws sau ntawv txawv teb chaws, yuav luag tsis tau. Tab sis phau ntawv qhia txog kev noj qab haus huv thiab kev nom kev tswv thiab tag nrho ntawm cov classics ntawm Marxism-Leninism tau dhuav hauv khw. Nws tau txiav txim siab los npaj kev sib pauv tau txiaj ntsig: rau 20 kg ntawm cov ntawv pov tseg lawv tau muab daim npav tshwj xeeb, uas tuaj yeem nthuav tawm hauv khw thiab yuav cov phau ntawv nyiam los ntawm Conan Doyle, Dumas, Jack London, Jules Verne thiab Main Reid.

Lawv kwv yees hauv daim npav, muag lawv los ntawm txhais tes rau tsib rubles. Txawm li cas los xij, cov pej xeem tsis yooj yim li lub xeev xav. Tsis yog txhua tus neeg laus xav siv nws lub sijhawm thiab lub zog khaws cov ntawv pov tseg, dhau los ua cov neeg pioneer nrog lawv lub qhov muag ci thiab menyuam txoj kev xav ntawm lub neej. Tib neeg tsuas yog tuaj rau ntawm lub khw muag khoom thiab yuav cov ntawv tshaj tawm, uas nyob rau hnub ntawd tsuas yog hiav txwv. Txawm tias teeb meem tsis ua rau cov kiv cua ntshai ntawm cov dab neeg txawv teb chaws. Yog li ntawd, yog tias ib tus neeg yuav ntau ntau kaum ob ntawm Lenin, Marx lossis cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov rooj sib tham ntawm CPSU, tom qab ntawd ib tus tuaj yeem xav tias nws dag nrog cov ntawv pov tseg. Nws tau tshwm sim uas cov neeg tau txais cov khoom siv rov ua dua tshiab tau tshaj tawm cov xwm txheej no rau cov koomhaum tub ceev xwm.

Txawm li cas los xij, txhua yam mus ntxiv. Xyoo 1975, kwv yees li 4 lab phau ntawv tau tsim tshwj xeeb rau kev pauv rau daim npav rho nyiaj. Lawv tsuas yog nqa 2,000 daim ntawv. Thiab tsawg kawg 60,000 tons ntawm cov ntawv pov tseg tau sau. Tom qab ntau qhov xwm txheej ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev ua haujlwm zoo ntawm Marxism-Leninism mus rau qhov chaw txais tos, KGB pib tshuaj xyuas cov khoom ntawd. Cov neeg tau sim dag, piv txwv li, lawv tsoo daim npog, txiav phau ntawv thiab daim ntawv qhia ua tej daim me me, thiab txau lawv nrog tus lej. Yog, kev xav yog qhov nyuaj. Tab sis kev lag luam, khaws cov ntawv yog ib qho txiaj ntsig zoo.

Ntau yam muaj txiaj ntsig tuaj yeem ua los ntawm cov ntawv pov tseg. THIAB txawm tias phau ntawv txhais lus qub hnav los ntawm Jody Phillips.