"Parnassus thaum kawg": Txoj hmoo ntawm "kev sau dab neeg hooligans" thiab thawj phau ntawv Soviet li cas ntawm kev sau paj huam

2024 Tus sau: Richard Flannagan | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 00:06

Parnassus nto moo sawv ntawm qhov kawg! 92 xyoo dhau los, cov lus tsis txaus ntseeg thiab luag ntxhi tau luam tawm, cov kws sau ntawv uas tswj tsis tau tsuas yog kom raug, tab sis tseem nthuav qhia cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov ntawv sau thiab tus cwj pwm ntawm cov kws sau ntawv los ntawm ntau lub tebchaws thiab keeb kwm. "Tshis", "Aub" thiab "Veverleys" tam sim tom qab lawv tso tawm xyoo 1925 yeej cov neeg nyeem ntawv hlub. Mayakovsky, rau leej twg "Parnas" (qhov twg, los ntawm txoj kev, muaj kev sib cav ntawm nws tus kheej) poob rau hauv txhais tes hauv Kharkov, hais tias: "Ua tau zoo Kharkovites! Nws tsis txaj muag nqa phau ntawv me me mus rau Moscow nrog koj! " Nws yog nrog phau ntawv no uas pib keeb kwm ntawm Soviet kev sau paj huam parody.

Vim li cas tib neeg luag? Tus vaj ntxwv los ntawm phau ntawv Eugene Schwartz "luag ntxhi" thaum tus tub lag luam Friedrichsen hauv tus neeg dag hais dab neeg poob rau tus poj niam laus, thiab nws tsoo tus miv, tus poj niam Askiv los ntawm phau ntawv nyeem luag thaum ua si ntawm cov lus "los ntawm lub teb chaws twg", tus lej lej - ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm kev phem, sib npaug rau 25, 8069 (hauv paus ntawm 666), thiab lwm yam. Kev luag tsis yog tsuas yog kev qhia ntawm kev xav, tab sis kev sib raug zoo thiab kev sib kis ntawm kev sib txuas lus nrog lwm tus zoo li koj. Phau ntawv nug yog qhov lom zem nyeem tib neeg. Xyoo 1925, hauv Kharkov, Parnas sawv ntawm qhov kawg, cov ntawv nyeem nyeem: A. Blok, A. Bely, V. Hoffman, I. Severyanin … thiab ntau yam ntxiv txog: tshis, dev thiab weverleys. " Thiab tom qab ntawd muaj 37 phau ntawv.

Phau ntawv no yog dab tsi? Qhia, tsis qhia, yog txoj kev qhia zoo tshaj plaws

Cov kws sau ntawv tsis tau qhia, tab sis twb dhau los ntawm tsab ntawv thib ob coj txawv txawv tshwm sim: ESP, A. G. R., A. M. F. Lub tswv yim ntawm phau ntawv yog ob yam, kev tshawb fawb thiab lom zem. Txhawm rau paub qhov txawv ntawm cov ntawv thiab cov ntsiab lus, ib tus tuaj yeem xav tias cov kws sau ntawv thiab kws sau paj huam yuav sau li cas ntawm peb lub ntsiab lus: "Tus pov thawj muaj tus dev", "Muaj ib zaug muaj tshis txho nrog kuv pog" thiab "Weverley tau mus ua luam dej".

Shakespeare's Sonnets "Nws yog qhov zoo dua los ua neeg txhaum dua li kom muaj koob npe los ua neeg txhaum. Tsis muaj txiaj ntsig yog qhov phem dua li kev qhuab qhia "tau yooj yim rov yug los rau hauv" Yog, kuv tua. Txwv tsis pub kuv ua tsis tau. Tab sis tsis txhob hu kuv ua neeg tua tsiaj hauv qhov cassock kuv hlub tus dev dev tag nrho lub siab … "thiab xaus nrog" Koj lub qhov ntxa yog kuv tus tub. Nov yog li cas Marshak yuav qhia kuv ua lus Lavxias."

Nrog lub teeb txhais tes ntawm cov kws tsim qauv, lub cev ntsuab thiab plaub hau ntawm gypsy, hu los ntawm Federico Garcia Lorca, tig mus rau lub suab ntsuab ntawm "tus poj niam laus, mus rau hauv tshis hauv kev hlub." Gumilevian ntxhuav los ntawm Lake Chad - nyob rau hauv Irish setter. Lub suab ntawm Marshak, tsis yog tus txhais lus ntxiv, tab sis yog menyuam yaus tus kws sau ntawv, txuas ntxiv: "Muaj ib zaug muaj niam pog, Thiab nws muaj hnub nyoog li cas? Thiab nws muaj cuaj caum-plaub xyoos."

Literary Hooligans: Lawv Yog Leej Twg?

Phau ntawv tau ua tiav zoo, txog 1927 nws tau luam tawm plaub zaug. Mayakovsky, nws cov lus sib cav ("thiab rau kuv, tshis, cov neeg uas tau ua txhaum yog cov neeg nyiam tshaj plaws thiab nyob ze …") kuj tseem nyob ntawd, nws pom zoo cov ntawv thiab coj mus sau me me rau Moscow. Thiab nyob rau hauv peb lub sijhawm, Lub Tsev khaws puav pheej Xeev Mayakovsky tuav cov ntawv sau yav tsaus ntuj ntawm "dev" thiab "tshis" - kev sau ntawv zoo nkauj ntawm lub sijhawm Soviet.

Txawm li cas los xij, txog xyoo 1989 "Parnassus" tsis tau luam tawm (tejzaum nws yog vim nws muaj cov lus sib dhos ntawm Gumilyov, Vertinsky thiab Mandelstam, tej zaum vim yog cov lus qhia ntxaws ntawm tus sau), thiab cov npe tseeb ntawm cov kws sau ntawv tsis paub rau pej xeem.. Kev ncig tau muag ntev lawm, phau ntawv tau dhau los ua tsis tshua muaj neeg pom. Thiab tsuas yog plaub caug xyoo tom qab, ua ntej qhov tsis ua tiav tsab ntawv thib ob, tib lub sijhawm hauv Kharkov thiab St. Petersburg, ob tus kws sau ntawv tau tham txog kev ua raws kev sau ntawv thiab hais txog lawv txoj haujlwm. Leej twg tig los ua neeg tsis ncaj ncees uas tau cuam tshuam rau qhov dawb huv?

Hluas heev, E. S. P., A. G. R. thiab A. M. F. ntsib hauv Kharkov: txhua tus ntawm lawv tau kawm tiav cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawm Academy of Theoretical Knowledge (tam sim no - V. N. Karazin Kharkov National University).

E. S. P. - Esther Solomonovna Papernaya (1900-1987). "Koj tau mus qhov twg, kuv tus grey, kuv tshis?" - qhov no yog nws Vertinsky. Cov menyuam yaus tus kws sau ntawv, kws sau paj huam thiab tus neeg txhais lus, uas tau qhia cov menyuam yaus Soviet rau "Famous Duckling Tim" Enid Blyton, yog tus kws kho phau ntawv xov xwm "Chizh" thiab Leningrad ceg ntawm "Detgiz" - Tsev Menyuam Lub Tsev Luam Ntawv. Raws li cov dab neeg ntawm ib tiam neeg, nws yog tus neeg tso dag lom zem, nyiam ntaus nkauj thiab paub ntau txhiab zaj nkauj "hauv txhua yam lus hauv ntiaj teb." Raug ntes nyob rau xyoo 1937 hauv "Detgiz case", raug liam ntawm kev ua phem (qhov tseeb, Papernaya tau txais txiaj ntsig nrog kev sau qee cov lus qhia tsis tseeb txog Stalin). D. Kharms, N. Oleinikov, G. Belykh, N. Zabolotsky, T. Gabbe thiab ntau lwm tus tau koom nrog hauv rooj plaub no. E. S. P. siv sijhawm 17 xyoo nyob hauv cov chaw pw hav zoov, txuas ntxiv sau paj huam txawm tias nyob ntawd (ib feem ntawm cov ntawv sau tseg tuaj yeem pom hauv phau ntawv los ntawm E. Lipshitz "Genealogy"), muaj txoj sia nyob, thiab tom qab kev tuag ntawm Stalin thiab nws tus kheej rov kho dua mus rau Leningrad.

A. G. R. - Alexander Grigorievich Rosenberg (1897-1965), uas tau qhuas tom qab Nekrasov lub zos Pustogolodno thiab tus pov thawj tua pov tseg, tsis tau nyob kom pom qhov kev sau ntawv tau tshaj tawm rau pej xeem. Nws yog tus paub txog cov ntawv Fab Kis thiab ua haujlwm thawj zaug ua tus pab xibfwb, tom qab ntawd yog tus thawj coj ntawm lub tuam tsev ntawm cov ntawv nyeem txawv teb chaws ntawm tib lub tsev kawm ntawv, uas txhua tus "Parnassians" kawm tiav los ntawm. Ib tug txiv neej ntawm kev nyiam tshawb fawb dav, tus kws tshaj lij tshaj lij, nws tau sau txog cov nkauj hauv zej zog, Shevchenko lub suab sib dhos, lub nroog Kitezh, thiab lub tswv yim ntawm Potebnya. Ib tus npoj yaig, kws sau ntawv thuam L. G. Frizman, sau hais tias Rosenberg cov kws tshaj lij tshaj tawm "Cov Lus Qhuab Qhia ntawm Fab Kis Classicism" tau raug faus los ntawm kev tawm tsam "cosmopolitans" thiab tseem tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv.

A. M. F. - Alexander Moiseevich Finkel (1899-1968) - xibfwb ntawm tib lub Kharkov University, kws sau paj huam thiab txhais lus.

Duab los ntawm phau ntawv ntawm cov tub kawm ntawv "25 nkag mus" (suav los ntawm M. Kaganov, V. Kontorovich, L. G. Frizman)

Tus xibfwb qhia ntawv nruj me ntsis uas tau nees nkaum xyoo nyeem rau philologists "Taw qhia rau Linguistics" thiab "Keeb Kwm Keeb Kwm ntawm Lavxias Lus", tus sau ua ke ntawm nto moo "Finkel Grammar" - phau ntawv kawm qib siab hauv tsev kawm ntawv "Niaj hnub Lavxias Lus Sau Ntawv" ntxiv rau tus sau ntau phau ntawv thiab kab lus (muaj ntau dua 150 luam tawm nkaus xwb). Tus pioneer hauv ntau qhov teeb meem ntawm cov qauv sau ntawv, lexicology thiab phraseology ntawm Lavxias thiab lus Ukrainian. Tus kws tshawb fawb loj thiab tus kws tshaj lij ntawm kev txhais lus, nws tau ua tiav kev txhais lus ntawm Shakespeare tus sonnets, plaub hauv keeb kwm ntawm Lavxias Shakespeare. Tus kws tshawb fawb ua haujlwm uas tsis tu ncua sau ob daim ntawv pov thawj kws kho mob: thawj zaug yuav tsum raug rhuav tshem tom qab Stalinist thuam cov tswv yim ntawm kws tshawb fawb N. Ya. Marr, uas ua haujlwm raws. Yuav ua li cas tus neeg ntawd thiaj li yog neeg tso dag? Yog lawm, yog!

A. M. F. Nov yog qhov nws piav qhia qhov pib ntawm qhov Parnassians hu ua kev lom zem: "… Peb tsis yog thiab tsis xav ua parodists, peb yog stylists, thiab txawm tias muaj tus cwj pwm zoo. Qhov tseeb tias txhua yam no yog qhov txaus luag thiab lom zem yog, yog li tham, muaj kev cuam tshuam (yog li peb, tsawg kawg, xav). Txawm li cas los xij, cov txiaj ntsig tau dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb dua li peb qhov hnyav thiab ua tiav nws rau cov tshaj tawm thiab nyeem."

"Parnas" tau luam tawm tsuas yog xyoo 1989, thaum tsis muaj ib tus kws sau ntawv twb muaj txoj sia nyob. Kev sau yuav luag ob npaug: cov haujlwm tshiab tau xa los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm A. M. Finkel tus poj ntsuam, Anna Pavlovna.

Duab:

Yuav tsum txuas ntxiv?

Kev nthuav tawm ntawm cov qauv tshiab txuas ntxiv thiab txuas ntxiv mus txog niaj hnub no. Finkel's "thiab dua tus bard yuav tso lwm tus nkauj thiab, raws li nws tus kheej, yuav tshaj tawm nws" tau hais hauv cov ntawv ntawm Viktor Rubanovich (1993) - tsis yog hais txog tshis nkaus xwb, tab sis kuj hais txog Nessie. Tatiana Bleicher (1996), hauv lub suab ntawm Cicero ntawm kev sim, khaws: "Carthage yuav tsum raug rhuav tshem, Tshis yuav tsum tau noj - qhov no yog qhov tsis txaus ntseeg, tab sis cov neeg Roman, uas yog txhua tus tshis, thov kom muaj kev ncaj ncees, thiab kev ywj pheej yuav tsum triumph, ntawm txhua tus nqi. " Mikhail Bolduman hu nws sau xyoo 2006 "Parnassus thaum kawg-2". Thiab, kuv xav tias, qhov no tsis yog zaum kawg.