Vim li cas Repin tau kos duab Pushkin txhos caug ntawm Karl Bryullov

2024 Tus sau: Richard Flannagan | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 00:06

Ob tus kws tshaj lij Lavxias tau paub ib leeg tsawg dua ib xyoos, tab sis lawv ua siab zoo qhuas txhua tus lub peev xwm. Hmoov tsis zoo, vim kev tuag ntawm Pushkin, Bryullov tsis pleev xim nws daim duab, thiab tom qab tag nrho, thawj ntu rau qhov no twb tau raug xaiv lawm. Qhov kev lom zem uas tau piav qhia hauv Repin cov duab tau tshwm sim ob peb hnub ua ntej kev sib tw tuag, thaum lawv lub rooj sib tham zaum kawg.

Tau ntau xyoo, tus kws sau paj huam thiab tus kws kos duab tau ntsib hauv qhov tsis tuaj - kawm ib leeg txoj haujlwm. Nws tau paub, piv txwv li, thaum ntxov li xyoo 1827, ntawm kev nthuav tawm, Pushkin qhuas Bryullov daim duab "Italian Sawv ntxov", thiab thaum twg, xya xyoo tom qab, Petersburgers pom ib tus kws kos duab daim duab loj tshaj plaws - "Hnub Kawg ntawm Pompeii", Alexander Sergeevich tau xav tsis thoob tiag. Nws qhia nws txoj kev xav hauv paj huam, tab sis, raws li cov kws tshawb fawb, rau qee qhov laj thawj nws tsis tuaj yeem tsim kev ua haujlwm puv ntoob. Cov ntawv sau muaj sia nyob qhia tau tias tus kws sau paj huam tas li hla kab, cov paj huam vim qee yam tsis tawm los yooj yim. Hauv qab no, Pushkin tau kos tawm los ntawm kev nco lub silhouettes ntawm cov pab pawg nruab nrab ntawm daim duab - tus txiv neej laus thiab txiv neej uas nqa lawv txiv hauv lawv txhais caj npab, txuag lawv los ntawm cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb.

Nov yog rau kab uas kws sau paj huam sau raws li qhov tshwm sim:

(Lub Yim Hli-Cuaj Hli 1834)

Thiab thaum kawg, thaum lub Tsib Hlis xyoo 1836, thaum Bryullov, ntawm qhov kev xav ntawm tus huab tais, tsis txaus siab rov qab los ntawm Ltalis mus rau Russia, ob tus neeg ntse tshaj plaws tau sib ntsib. Lub rooj sib tham no tau tshwm sim hauv Moscow. Hauv tsab ntawv mus rau nws tus poj niam hnub tim 4 Tsib Hlis, Pushkin hais tias:

Qhov zoo tshaj plaws yog qhov uas pom Natalia Nikolaevna me ntsis tom qab, tus kws pleev xim nto moo, nws ntseeg, yeej tsis xav pleev xim nws (xav tias, yam ntawm sab qaum teb kev zoo nkauj txawv ntawm Bryullovsky) txawm hais tias, tau kawg, hnub no ib tus tuaj yeem kwv yees tias vim li cas daim duab no tsis tau sau. Nws yog qhov nthuav tias yuav luag tsuas yog cov duab ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas Natalia Goncharova, ua thaum xyoo sib yuav nrog Pushkin, yog xim dej los ntawm Alexander Bryullov - tus tij laug ntawm tus kws kos duab nto moo yog tus kws kos duab thiab kos duab duab, nws yog phooj ywg nrog tsev neeg ntawm tus kws sau paj huam zoo rau ntau xyoo.

Cov duab ntawm Pushkin nws tus kheej tsis tshwm sim, thiab ob tus neeg txawj ntse, uas dhau los ua phooj ywg, twb tau pom zoo thawj zaug. Tus kws kos duab lub rooj sib tham zaum kawg nrog kws sau paj huam tsuas yog ob peb hnub ua ntej nws tuag, thaum Lub Ib Hlis 25, 1837, thaum Pushkin thiab Zhukovsky tau mus ntsib Bryullov lub rooj cob qhia ntawm Academy of Arts. Peb paub ntxaws ntxaws txog qhov kev lom zem uas tau tshwm sim yav tsaus ntuj los ntawm kev nco txog Apollo Mokritsky, tus tub ntxhais kawm ntawm Karl Bryullov (tom qab tus kws kos duab no yuav dhau los ua tus qhia ntawm Vasily Perov thiab Ivan Shishkin):

Hauv Lub Ib Hlis 31 nkag, Mokritsky yuav ceeb toom:. Tom qab ntawd Karl Bryullov tsim cov duab kos ntawm lub monument rau Pushkin.

Mokritsky luam tawm cov ntawv nco hauv phau ntawv xov xwm Otechestvennye zapiski xyoo 1856. Txog tam sim no, ntau tus kws tshawb fawb ntseeg tias nws yuav tau kho qee qhov xwm txheej tau piav tseg, tab sis, txawm li cas los xij, ntu no tau suav hais tias yog keeb kwm kev ntseeg tseeb. Yuav luag ib puas xyoo tom qab, thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, lwm tus neeg pleev xim Lavxias zoo Ilya Efimovich Repin, tau kawm txog zaj dab neeg no, raug rho tawm haujlwm uas nws txiav txim siab kos duab raws nws lub siab nyiam. Hauv tsab ntawv sau hnub tim 18 Lub Ob Hlis 1912, nws tau sau ntawv rau nws tus phooj ywg, Pushkin tus kws tshawb fawb Nikolai Lerner:. Tseeb tiag, ntawm daim duab tas luav, ua hauv tus lej thiab cov xim dej, tsuas muaj hnub ntawd thiab tus neeg sau tes tau kos npe: "Pushkin thov kom kos duab los ntawm Bryullov. Dedicated rau Nikolai Osipovich Lerner."

Repin cov duab tau rov muag ntau zaus, txog thaum xyoo 1937 nws tau nkag mus rau All-Union Museum ntawm AS Pushkin. Nws yog qhov txaus siab tias muaj lwm daim duab zoo sib xws, nws yog hnub tim 1918, thiab tau ntau xyoo nyob hauv Lub Tsev Kawm Ntawv ntawm Kev Sau Ntawv Lavxias (Pushkin House) ntawm Lavxias Academy ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb. Xyoo 1958, nws tseem raug xa mus rau Tsev khaws puav pheej Pushkin, thiab txij thaum ntawd los ob daim duab tau khaws cia ua ke.

Karl Bryullov lub rooj cob qhia, uas zaj dab neeg lom zem no tau tshwm sim, yog qhov tiag "tsim cov neeg ua haujlwm" rau kev pleev xim Lavxias. Muaj txawm tias rooj plaub uas ib tus kws pleev xim duab zoo tshaj plaws nyob sab Europe tau tsa los ntawm tus kws pleev xim duab.