Qhov twg lawv khawb av, qhov uas lawv ci cov qhob noom xim kasfes, thiab qhov uas lawv cog vaj: Lub hauv paus ntawm Moscow zoo li nyob hauv nruab nrab Hnub nyoog li cas

2024 Tus sau: Richard Flannagan | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 00:06

Taug kev ncig nruab nrab ntawm Moscow, nws yog qhov xav paub xav txog dab tsi hauv qhov no lossis qhov chaw ntawd hauv Nrab Hnub nyoog. Thiab yog tias koj paub keeb kwm tseeb ntawm ib cheeb tsam tshwj xeeb lossis txoj kev thiab xav txog leej twg thiab nyob li cas nyob ntawm no ntau pua xyoo dhau los, cov npe ntawm thaj chaw thiab tag nrho cov kev pom tau pom nyob hauv txoj kev sib txawv kiag li. Thiab koj twb saib ntawm Moscow qhov chaw nrog qhov muag sib txawv kiag li …

Arbat yog phab ntsa uas tsis tuaj yeem tiv taus

Lub npe ntawm koog tsev kawm ntawv, txoj kev nyob hauv nws (nrog cov ntawv ua ntej "Tshiab" thiab "Laus"), ntxiv rau cov xwm txheej ntawm tib lub npe los ntawm Turkic lo lus "arba" (lub laub), lossis los ntawm Arabic lo lus "orba" (thaj tsam). Qhov tseeb, nws siv los ua ciam teb ib feem ntawm lub nroog. Qhov kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 16th, ib lub tsev tiv thaiv phab ntsa tau tsim nyob ib puag ncig nthuav dav hauv Moscow, kab nrog cov pob zeb dawb, uas tau ua lub ntsej muag tiv thaiv thib peb thiab raug hu ua "Wall of the White City". Nws tau siab heev, nws qis qis qis, thiab sab saud muaj lub taub hau, yog li nws yuav muaj teeb meem tua nws nrog rab phom. Cov phom loj tau taw qhia qis, thiab yog li, cov xub tuaj yeem tsoo txhua tus neeg uas mus txog ko taw ntawm phab ntsa. Lub Phab Ntsa Dawb muaj 15 lub rooj vag, uas tau ua tib zoo saib xyuas.

Hauv ib nrab ntawm ib nrab ntawm xyoo pua 18th, thaum xav tau kev tiv thaiv ntawm lub nroog keeb kwm ploj mus, Catherine II tau xaj kom rhuav tshem cov phab ntsa tiv thaiv thiab teeb tsa lawv qhov chaw nyob raws qhov uas cov neeg hauv nroog tuaj yeem taug kev. Tab sis lub qhov rooj ntawm lawv tseem sawv tau ntev, thiab nws zoo li lom zem. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, lawv tau raug tshem tawm vim kev puas tsuaj, tab sis cov npe tseem nyob (Arbat, Pokrovsky, Sretensky, thiab ntxiv rau). Arbat Rooj vag tom qab muab lub npe rau lub xwmfab, txoj kev thiab txawm tias lub hauv paus. Thaum xub thawj, thaj chaw no yog cov neeg hneev taw thiab cov kws txawj txua khoom, tab sis tom qab xyoo VIII, cov neeg siab tawv pib tsim tsev nyob ntawm no, thiab thaj chaw ntawd tau muaj koob meej.

Cov neeg tseem ceeb mov ci tau ua hauv Basmanniy

Hauv Basmannaya Sloboda, nyob rau sab qaum teb-sab hnub poob ntawm Nemetskaya, cov neeg ua vaj tsev nyob thiab ua haujlwm, leej twg ua qab qab hu ua Basman. Nws tau ua haujlwm rau tsar lub rooj thiab faib rau cov tub qhe ntawm tus tswj hwm, tus sawv cev sawv cev thiab txhua tus neeg uas muaj cai tau txais nyiaj hauv lub xeev. Txhua tus basman tau ci nrog qhov tshwj xeeb qia dub. Ntawm cov Tatars, lub foob (tsuas yog siv rau tawv lossis hlau) tau hu ua "Basma" - yog li lub npe ntawm lub ncuav. Thiab raws li nws, hauv paus tsev kawm ntawv tau pib hu ua zoo sib xws.

Los ntawm txoj kev, muaj ib qho version uas lub npe teev tau los ntawm lo lus "basman" - "steelyard". Qhov no yog vim qhov tseeb tias txhua lub khob cij Basman hnyav tib yam.

Qhov kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th, cov tub ceev xwm ntawm Petrine regiments tau pib los nyob ntawm no, thiab ib puas xyoo tom qab ntawd, lub nroog muaj koob meej tau pib nyob hauv thaj tsam ntawd. Los ntawm txoj kev, nyob rau lub sijhawm puag thaum ub, nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm cheeb tsam Basmanny niaj hnub no, muaj ntau qhov chaw me me ntxiv - pancakes, syromyat archers, thiab lwm yam.

Bolotnaya raws li qhov chaw ntawm kev ua tiav thiab kev ua koob tsheej

Nyob rau lub sijhawm puag thaum ub, muaj hav nyom swampy ntawm no. Tom qab ntawd, cov neeg nyob hauv nroog tau teeb tsa lub vaj thiab tsev teev ntuj, vaj zaub ntawm thaj chaw swamps, thiab muaj kev lag luam loj tshwm sim nyob ze. Thaj chaw no yog kev lag luam hauv ib cheeb tsam txog thaum pib kev hloov pauv. Tab sis lub npe cuam tshuam nrog cov qub swamps ntawm no tau muaj sia nyob txog niaj hnub no.

Nyob rau hauv XV-XVII ib-paus xyoo. ntawm qhov chaw no, kev ua koob tsheej rau pej xeem tsis tu ncua, uas tsis suav nrog kev ntaus nrig.

Tsis tas li ntawm Bolotnaya Square, cov tub ceev xwm tau ua rau pej xeem raug txim ntawm cov neeg ua phem thiab raug txim tuag. Qhov kawg thiab tej zaum qhov kev ua tiav nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm Bolotnaya yog lub quartering ntawm Emelyan Pugachev hauv 1775. Qhov xwm txheej no nyiam ntau txhiab tus pej xeem. Cov neeg saib txawm zaum saum lub ru tsev ntawm cov tsev.

Cov av tau raug khawb hauv Tverskoye thiab cov npua nyob

Ib zaug dhau ib zaug ntawm qhov chaw no, nyob sab nraum tus ciam teb ntawm Moscow, muaj cov chaw txua txiag zeb uas cov av tau raug khawb. Cov qhov thiab cov pob zeb raug hu ua "av nplaum". Nyob ib ncig ntawm XIV xyoo pua, cov khoom siv tes ua no tau muab lub npe ntawm thaj chaw uas nyob ib sab thiab qhov kev sib hais haum tshwm sim, thiab peb puas xyoo tom qab - thiab lub tuam tsev, uas tau hu ua Lub Koom Txoos ntawm St. Alexis Metropolitan, hauv Glinishchi.

Xyoo 1930, lub tsev teev ntuj raug rhuav tshem, thiab Glinischevsky Lane tau hloov pauv mus rau Nemirovich-Danchenko Street, tab sis xyoo 1993 lub npe qub tau rov qab los.

Ib sab ntawm txoj kab no yog txoj kev mus rau lub nroog Dmitrov. Qhov kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 13th, kev sib hais haum tau pib ua nrog nws, uas tau nyob los ntawm cov kws txawj ntawm ntau yam haujlwm, nrog rau buffoons. Feem coob ntawm nws cov neeg nyob yog cov neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws uasi hauv Dmitrov. Yog li ntawd lub npe - Dmitrovskaya Sloboda.

Pib los ntawm lub xyoo pua 16th, cov neeg muaj koob npe tau pib nyob hauv cov chaw no, ze rau Moscow Kremlin, thiab cov tub ceev xwm tau hais kom cov kws txawj txav mus deb dua. Lawv tau tsiv mus rau sab qaum teb me ntsis, tab sis nyob rau tib txoj kev, thiab lawv qhov kev sib hais tshiab tau hu ua Malaya Dmitrovskaya. Qhov kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th, cov neeg nyob tau rov qab mus rau sab qaum teb ntxiv, thiab lawv qhov kev sib hais haum pib hu ua "Novaya". Yog li, nyob nruab nrab ntawm xyoo pua 18th, peb txoj kev ntawm tib lub npe tshwm - Bolshaya thiab Malaya Dmitrovka thiab Novoslobodskaya.

Ib qho av hauv av thiab lub pas dej tau cog nrog cov txiv ntoo

Qhov kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 16th, lub nplhaib plaub ntawm Moscow tiv thaiv tau tshwm sim ntawm qhov chaw no. Nws tau ua vim tias muaj kev hem thawj ntawm kev tawm tsam lub nroog Khan ntawm Crimean Horde. Ib phab ntsa tshiab, niaj hnub zoo los ntawm cov qauv no, tau ua haujlwm kwv yees qhov chaw uas Lub Vaj Nplhaib nyob tam sim no. Muscovites hu nws "Skorodom" - thaj vim nws tau tsim sai heev.

Hmoov zoo, cov yeeb ncuab Crimean tsis tuaj txog ntawm phab ntsa no, tab sis xyoo 1611 cov pej thuam thiab phab ntsa tsa los ntawm ntoo tau hlawv los ntawm cov tub rog Polish-Lithuanian.

Nyob rau thawj ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th, ntawm qhov chaw ntawm phab ntsa uas raug hlawv, ib qho av rampart tau txhim tsa los ua kev tiv thaiv, nrog rau cov kwj dej khiav ntawm ob sab. Qhov kev tiv thaiv tau txiav txim siab ntau dua li cov phab ntsa tiv thaiv. Maj mam, Skorod pib raug hu ua Earthen Wall, thiab thaj chaw nruab nrab ntawm qhov kev tiv thaiv no thiab phab ntsa ntawm Lub Nroog Dawb tau txais tib lub npe.

Kev sib hais haum ntawm cov hneev taw tau nyob ntawm no. Rau qee lub sijhawm, Zemlyanoy Val tseem yog tus ciam teb ntawm lub nroog.

Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19, lub taub hau tau tawg tawm yam tsis tsim nyog. Hauv nws qhov chaw, cov neeg nyob hauv tsev tsim txoj kev thiab tso cov vaj. Yog li cov npe ntawm ob peb txoj kev nyob ze nrog ua ntej "Sadovaya".

Okhotny Ryad ua lub cim ntawm kev nplua nuj

Txij lub sij hawm immemorial Moscow tau nto moo rau nws cov kab ua lag luam. Okhotny yog ib tus neeg txo hwj chim tshaj plaws ntawm lawv. Raws li lub npe cuam tshuam, lawv muag game ntes tau ntawm kev yos hav zoov hauv nws.

Hauv lub xyoo pua 17th, Okhotny Ryad tau nyob qhov twg Tsev khaws puav pheej Keeb Kwm tam sim no sawv, thiab nyob rau xyoo tom ntej no cov khw muag khoom noj, suav nrog kev yos hav zoov, tau tsiv dhau Neglinka (tam sim no qhov no yog ntu ntawm Manezhnaya Square mus rau Teatralnaya).

Maj mam, txhua tus neeg nyob hauv nroog pib hu lawv Okhotny, vim tias cov khoom muaj nqis tshaj plaws tau pib muag ntawm no. Cov khoom lag luam tau dav heev, thiab kev lag luam tau muag thiab muag lag luam. Los ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19, cov neeg hauv nroog thiab cov qhua ntawm lub nroog tau pib koom nrog Okhotny Ryad nrog kev nplua nuj thiab noj zaub mov zoo hauv Moscow. Txog thaum pib ntawm kev hloov pauv, nws yog lub cim ntawm kev ruaj ntseg, ua rau muaj ntau yam paj lug nrov.