Video: Dab tsi yog riddles rau cov neeg laus nyob rau hnub qub: Los ntawm Vaj Lug Kub mus rau ntau yam kev hais qhia hmoov zoo
2024 Tus sau: Richard Flannagan | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 00:06
Niaj hnub no peb tau siv los xav tias cov lus sib dhos lom zem rau cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog kawm ntawv qib qis, tab sis qhov no tsis tas li. Hauv keeb kwm ntawm noob neej, muaj cov xwm txheej thaum cov lus sib cav tau ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb heev. Piv txwv li, lawv tuaj yeem teb los ntawm kev hais lus lossis lawv dhau los ua kev sim hauv cov teeb meem tsis sib haum. Ntau tus kws sau paj huam nto moo ntawm ntau pua xyoo dhau los ua rau peb piv txwv ntawm cov txuj ci tiag tiag hauv cov qauv no.
Txawm hais tias muaj coob tus sau phau ntawv riddles, feem ntau ntawm lawv niaj hnub no tau muab cais ua cov dab neeg. Ntxiv mus, cov kws sau keeb kwm paub tseeb tias nws yog cov me me, feem ntau hais lus sib dhos uas muaj keeb kwm yav dhau los. Cov duab uas tau khaws cia hauv cov lus sib dhos cuam tshuam rau lub ntiaj teb kev nkag siab los ntawm peb cov poj koob yawm txwv, thaum txhua qhov tshwm sim lossis cov khoom ntawm qhov xwm txheej raug suav hais tias yog tsiaj thiab muaj lawv tus kheej lub siab nyiam. Xyoo 19th tus kws sau keeb kwm keeb kwm Dmitry Sadovnikov tau sau tias cov lus riddles rov qab mus rau lub sijhawm qub: Ntxiv mus, feem ntau cov duab xav tsis thoob tau piav qhia qhov tshwm sim tsis nkag siab. Piv txwv li, ib qho ntawm cov duab dab neeg qub thaum ub, cov kws tshawb fawb xav txog qhov sawv cev ntawm lub hnub qub ntuj los ntawm pab yaj, tom qab ntawd tus tswv yug yaj ib hlis.
Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev sau cov lus riddles tseem muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog "cov lus taboos" - uas yog, lawv yog cov ncha ntawm cov sijhawm ntawd tshwj xeeb tshaj yog qhov tshwm sim tuaj yeem tsuas yog muaj npe tsis raug cai. Feem ntau yuav yog, nyob rau lub sijhawm puag thaum ub, cov lus tsis yog tsuas yog kev qhia ntawm lub siab thiab kev txawj ntse, tab sis ua lub luag haujlwm ntawm "cov lus nug xeem" tiag tiag. Cov cim ntawm qhov no tau pom nyob hauv yuav luag txhua cov dab neeg thiab dab neeg qub. Nws yog qhov txaus siab tias riddles tau paub rau txhua tus neeg, nyob rau theem twg ntawm kev txhim kho lawv tau ua. Yog li ntawd, Indian, Scandinavian, Finnish thiab Lavxias epics khaws cov dab neeg zoo sib xws txog "tsev hais plaub los saum ntuj", uas tau daws nrog kev pab los ntawm kev sim tsis sib haum. Tus yam ntxwv tseem ceeb, tau hla dhau lawv, tau txais kev ua tiav raws li khoom plig, lossis yooj yim nyob ua neej.
Nws tau paub tias cov neeg Greek thaum ub tau nyiam cov lus sib dhos, nws tau nrog lawv, piv txwv li, cov lus hais los ntawm lawv tus kheej. Ntxiv mus, cov lus hais paj huam no, tau teev tseg nyob rau hauv hexameters, tuaj yeem cuam tshuam loj heev rau keeb kwm, vim tias los ntawm qhov uas tus neeg nug lus txhais lawv li cas, nws tuaj yeem mus rau phiaj xwm ntev lossis ncua nws mus txog rau lub sijhawm zoo dua. Ntau qhov kev coj ncaj ncees tau tso rau cov xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv ntawm "Xya Tus Neeg Txawj Ntse" - cov neeg Greek keeb kwm yav dhau los, cov pej xeem cov duab thiab cov neeg xav ntawm xyoo 7th -6th xyoo BC. NS. Piv txwv li, ib qho ntawm cov riddles ntawm Cleobulus tau mus txog peb lub sijhawm:
(Hauv qhov kev sib cav no, yog tias ib tus neeg tsis tau twv, ib xyoos tau piav qhia)
Tom qab ntawd, cov lus sib cav tau dhau los ua ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm Vaj Lug Kub thiab tau txais daim ntawv ntawm "cov lus nug muaj tswv yim" txog qhov tseeb hauv phau npaiv npaum lossis txog keeb kwm ntawm txhua yam uas muaj. Hauv lub xyoo pua 17th, kev zam rau kev tsis sib haum xeeb tshwm sim nyob hauv Europe. Lawv maj dhau dhau los tsuas yog ib txoj hauv kev los siv sijhawm lom zem thiab txaus siab, ua kom pom kev ntse thiab kev kawm ntawv. Cov kws sau paj huam thiab sau ntawv zoo li Fenelon, Boileau, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Schiller thiab Gauff tau nyiam cov ntawv no me me tab sis muaj peev xwm ua tau. Nyob rau hauv Russia xyoo 1773 sau tau luam tawm:. Ntxiv mus, peb lub tebchaws tsis yog ib tus neeg tho kev hauv qhov teeb meem no. Thawj qhov kev sib sau ua lus German thawj zaug, piv txwv li, tau luam tawm hauv Strasbourg rov qab rau xyoo 1505.
Thiab ntawm no yog dab tsi tiag tiag poetic riddle Friedrich Schiller tsim, sib dhos, los ntawm txoj kev, ib qho ntawm cov duab dab neeg qub tshaj plaws thaum ub:
(Kev txhais lus: V. A. Zhukovsky)
Txhawm rau daws qhov tsis paub ntawm lawv tus kheej lub neej, cov neeg Greek thaum ub tig mus rau Delphic Oracle: yuav ua li cas tib neeg ntseeg lawv cov hmoov zoo rau cov kws tshaj lij.
Pom zoo:
Dab tsi yog 800-xyoo-laus cov khoom muaj nqis ntawm Tub Vaj Ntxwv Svyatopolk, tsis ntev los no pom nyob hauv nruab nrab ntawm thaj teb, hais rau cov kws tshawb fawb
Hauv tebchaws Poland, raws li cov kws tshawb fawb keeb kwm keeb kwm, lawv tau pom cov khoom muaj nqis tshaj plaws ntawm Cov Thawj Tswj Hwm. Cov nplhaib kub zoo nkauj thiab ntau txhiab nyiaj npib nyiaj nruab nrab tau nrhiav pom txoj cai nyob nruab nrab ntawm pob kws. Cov kws tshaj lij koom nrog cov khoom muaj nqis nrog Maria Dobronega, tus ntxhais ntawm Grand Duke of Kiev Svyatopolk. Cov keeb kwm xav paub ntawm cov khoom muaj nqis, uas cov kws sau keeb kwm hu ua tus nqi ntawm Lavxias tus poj huab tais, thiab kev xav ntawm cov kws sau keeb kwm, txuas ntxiv hauv kev tshuaj xyuas
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Cov ntawv luv AK tsis tshua xav tau kev txiav txim siab ntxiv. Muaj ntau cov lus dab neeg tshaj qhov tseeb hais txog kev tsim riam phom dab neeg, nrog rau hais txog tus tsim nws tus kheej. Puas yog Mikhail Timofeevich qiv qiv German? Puas yog tub ceev xwm nrog kev kawm 7-qib tau paub txog qhov haujlwm zoo? Puas yog cov neeg sab nrauv pab nws? Thiab vim li cas txawm tias cov yeeb ncuab ntawm Lavxias nyiam Kalashnikov phom ntev?
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Yuav luag ib feem peb ntawm ib puas xyoo tau dhau los txij li kev sib tsoo ntawm Soviet Union, thiab ntau tus tseem nco qab nrog kev nostalgia hnub thaum ib qho khawb tau smeared nrog ci ntsuab, thiab cov ntoo tau nqa los ntawm lub khw hauv ib txoj hlua hnab es tsis txhob kua txiv kab ntxwv. Qhov kev tshuaj xyuas no nthuav qhia feem ntau "peb" qhov tshwm sim, rov hais txog qhov twg, peb tuaj yeem hais khov kho: "Hauv Sab Hnub Poob lawv yuav tsis nkag siab."