Yam khoom lag luam Lavxias paub thoob plaws ntiaj teb: Tambov gammon, Vologda butter, thiab lwm yam

2024 Tus sau: Richard Flannagan | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 00:06

Russia ib txwm xav tsis thoob nrog nws txoj kev siab dawb, txuj ci txuj ci tseem ceeb, poj niam zoo nkauj. Yuav ua li cas txog zaub mov? Muaj ntau lub npe khoom noj khoom haus, cov cai uas yog rau lub tebchaws tshwj xeeb no. Koj tsis tuaj yeem ua rau lawv tsis meej pem nrog txhua yam, tab sis qhov saj tsuas yog qab! Txawm tias cov neeg txawv teb chaws xav koom nrog cov khoom qab zib no thiab cov khoom lag luam nrog Russia. Tab sis cov neeg nyob hauv peb lub tebchaws tsis yog ib txwm, vim tias nws yuav yog pob kws tsis paub qhov twg los ntawm hom.

Yuav ua li cas tus kws kos duab Vereshchagin ua Vologda roj nto moo

Coob leej neeg paub Vasily Vereshchagin, tus neeg pleev xim Lavxias nto moo, tab sis tsis yog txhua tus paub tias nws tus tij laug, Nikolai Vereshchagin, yog tus tsim ntawm Vologda Roj hom. Nikolai yog tus neeg tsav nkoj, tab sis txij li nws lub cev muaj qhov tsis zoo rau kev ua haujlwm raws li kev tsis txaus siab, nws yuav tsum tawm hauv kev lag luam hauv hiav txwv.

Xav txog tias yuav ua dab tsi, nws nkag mus hauv Tsev Kawm Qib Siab St. Petersburg thiab kawm tiav los ntawm kws qhia ntawv ntawm Natural Sciences. Vereshchagin tau ntxim nyiam heev los ntawm kev ua liaj ua teb, nws pib kawm keeb kwm ntawm kev tsim cov mis nyuj hauv Tebchaws Europe thiab tau ua tiav qhov no uas nyob rau xyoo 60s lig ntawm XIX xyoo pua nws tau qhib ntau lub cheese. Vereshchagin tau kawm los tsim butter nrog lub ci ci creamy saj. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, nws yog qhov tsim nyog kom sov cov cream rau 85 degrees.

Tsuas yog kaum xyoo dhau los txij thaum qhib cov cheese dairies, thiab cov roj no twb dhau los ua neeg nyiam. Nws tau tsim tawm hauv lub zos Fominsk, uas tsis deb ntawm Vologda. Vereshchagin tau caw tus nto moo Holstein buttermakers Ida thiab Friedrich Bohmans. Kev lag luam tau mus, thiab thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, cov roj Vologda qab tau nquag muag rau txawv teb chaws. Muaj nws tau hu ua Petersburg, vim nws tau mus txawv tebchaws los ntawm St. Petersburg. Nws tau pib hu ua Vologda tsuas yog xyoo 1939 (tsab cai lij choj ntawm Tib Neeg Txoj Cai ntawm Cov Nqaij thiab Cov Khoom Siv Mis).

Tambov ham: daim ntawv qhia tshwj xeeb, saj zoo

Txij li lub sijhawm puag thaum ub hauv tebchaws Russia, cov khoom qab zib tau cuam tshuam nrog cov chaw uas lawv tau loj hlob lossis tsim tawm. Piv txwv li, St. Petersburg smelt lossis Lukhovitsky cucumbers. Ham tsis tau dim txoj hmoo no ib yam nkaus. Nyob rau hauv yim caum ntawm XIX xyoo pua, Tambov xeev tau nto moo rau kev yug menyuam npua. Xyoo 1884, daim ntawv ceeb toom tau tshwm sim hauv Tambov Provincial Gazette tias ib tus txiv neej zoo tau nkag mus rau hauv kev pom zoo rau kev muab yim caum hams rau Lub Tsev Hais Plaub Imperial hauv kev cuam tshuam nrog hnub ci ci ntawm Easter. Qhov no yog li cas nto moo Tambov ham tau tshwm sim.

Ib daim ntawv qhia tshwj xeeb tau siv rau nws txoj kev npaj. Cov nqaij tshiab yuav tsum tau tsau rau hauv cov dej ntsev, tom qab ntawd nws tau rhaub nrog cov txuj lom, tom qab ntawd nws tau tig los haus luam yeeb. Tsuas yog alder chips tau siv los muab qhov tshwj xeeb tsw. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, cov nqaij npua nres tsis muaj kua, liab dawb, thiab npog nrog cov zaub mov qab. Cov neeg nplua nuj Petersburgers thiab Muscovites zoo siab yuav qhov khoom qab zib no rau hnub so thiab tsuas yog noj peb caug. Tom qab Kev Tawm Tsam Lub Kaum Hli, qhov xav tau rau qhov zoo ntawm Tambov nqaij npua tau raug kho los ntawm GOST.

Kolomenskaya marshmallow hauv lub lauj kaub Kolomensky raws li daim ntawv qhia tshwj xeeb

Pastila yog khoom qab zib Lavxias qub. Yog li ntawd cov txiv apples tsis ploj, qhov qab tau ua los ntawm lawv. Txij li thaum xyoo pua 14th Kolomna tau muaj npe nrov rau nws cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo, thiab nyob rau xyoo pua 18th qhov chaw no tau hu ua qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau kev tsim cov qab zib marshmallows. Tseem muaj cov haujlwm tshwj xeeb - txiv neej pastilles thiab poj niam pastilles. Thawj lub Hoobkas rau kev tsim cov khoom qab zib no tau qhib rau xyoo 1735 los ntawm tus tub lag luam Shershavin. Nws tau paub tias txawm tias Catherine II, tau mus ntsib Kolomna, nyiam qhov qab heev nrog kev zoo siab.

Lub peculiarity ntawm Kolomna marshmallow yog tias nws tau npaj tsis nrog cov suab thaj, raws li ib txwm muaj, tab sis nrog qab zib, uas tau raug ntaus qe dawb ntxiv. Txhawm rau kom cov khoom qab zib tau npaj txhij, nws yuav tsum tau zom hauv cov tais tshwj xeeb. Nov yog qhov lub npe Kolomensky lauj kaub tau yug los, uas ruaj thiab tsim tau yooj yim.

Hauv phau ntawv ua noj qub, koj tuaj yeem pom daim ntawv qhia rau marshmallow nto moo: koj yuav tsum xaiv cov txiv apples siav, ci lawv hauv lub lauj kaub, tshem cov noob. Tom qab ntawd, cov khoom xyaw tau zom nrog piam thaj kom lawv dhau los ua cov npuas. Tom qab ntawd lub hauv paus tau tsim rau hauv cov thawv ntoo thiab xa mus rau qhov cub. Tom qab 2 teev, cov thawv raug tshem tawm, nphoo nrog piam thaj thiab muab rov qab rau hauv qhov cub. Yog tias koj xav ua tiav qhov tshwj xeeb zoo nkauj ntawm cov khoom qab zib, koj yuav tsum ntxiv qe dawb thaum nplawm cov txiv apples.

Tus neeg ua lag luam Peter Chuprikov xyoo 1852 tsim lub Tsev Khoom Qab Zib thiab tau txais kev tshuaj xyuas zoo ntawm St. Petersburg All-Russian Manufacturing Exhibition. Hnub no hauv Kolomna muaj marshmallow tsev cia puav pheej, uas tuaj yeem tuaj xyuas thaum lub sijhawm taug kev mus rau lub nroog qub no.

Tula qhob cij: tsis yog tsuas yog qab qab, tab sis kuj muaj ntawv, ntxiv rau peb-meter qhob cij rau Catherine II

Yav dhau los, qhob cij hauv Russia tau hu ua qhob cij zib ntab. Ntawd yog, Tula qhob cij tau hais ua ntej hauv tus kws sau phau ntawv hauv 1685. Thaum cov txuj lom Oriental tau tshwm sim hauv tebchaws Russia, cov khoom qab zib tsis tau hu ua mov ci ntxiv lawm. Txij li lo lus "kua txob" hauv Lavxias qub suab "ppyryan", tom qab ntawd cov khoom ci tau hu ua qhob cij. Txhawm rau luam cov qhob noom cookie ua ncuav qab zib nrog cov khoom qab qab, cov ntawv tshwj xeeb tau siv hauv Tula. Lawv tau ua los ntawm ntoo, nws tuaj yeem yog birch, pear, linden. Tus qauv zoo nkauj embossed tau muab txiav rau ntawm cov laug cam, lub khob noom cookie tau nias nruab nrab ntawm lawv thiab xa mus rau qhov cub, tom qab ntawd cov qhob noom xim kasfes qhob cij zoo nkauj nrog cov qauv tau txais.

Gingerbread yog khoom plig zoo. Nws tuaj yeem nthuav tawm rau cov qhua ntawm kab tshoob, lossis rau menyuam yaus ntawm lub npe hnub. Thiab qhov ntawd tsis yog txhua qhov, txij li daim duab tau luam tawm ntawm qhov kev xeem, txawm tias muaj daim npav tshwj xeeb lossis kev zoo siab rau hnub tseem ceeb. Thaum St. Petersburg tig 75, thiab yog xyoo 1778, tau xa cov qhob cij los ntawm Tula rau Catherine II, uas hnyav li 30 kg, thiab nws txoj kab uas hla loj heev - peb meters. Cov duab zoo nkauj ntawm lub nroog tau luam tawm ntawm qhov chaw.

Khoom qab zib los ntawm Abrikosov, uas yog tus txiv neej tiag tiag Stepan

Muaj tseeb ntau tus xav tsis thoob thaum lub npe lom zem Abrikosov yog dab tsi. Coob leej tau hnov txog cov qhob noom xim kasfes. Qhov tseeb, kev tsim cov khoom qab zib tsis tau tsim los ntawm qee tus txiv neej nrog lub npe Abrikosov, tab sis los ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm zoo ib yam li cov neeg ua liaj ua teb Stepan Nikolaev tom qab nws tau txais nws txoj kev ywj pheej hauv 1804. Lub sijhawm ntawd nws twb muaj 64 xyoos lawm.

Nws qhib lub khw me me hauv Moscow muag cov jam thiab khoom qab zib. Nws cov tub dhau los ua tus ua tiav ntawm kev lag luam, tab sis lawv tsis ua tiav. Tab sis tus tub xeeb ntxwv Alexei, uas xyoo 1879 tau tsim lub Hoobkas tshiab hauv Sokolniki, tau pib ua tiav rau Abrikosovs rooj plaub. Xyoo 1880, kev koom tes "AI Abrikosov thiab Tub" tau tsim.

Sij hawm dhau los, cov khw muag khoom tau tshwm sim hauv ntau lub nroog ntawm Russia: hauv St. Petersburg thiab Moscow, hauv Nizhny Novgorod thiab Kiev, hauv Odessa thiab Rostov-on-Don, hauv Irkutsk thiab lwm yam. Cov khoom noj tau loj heev - tsawg kawg 750 hom khoom qab zib tau tsim: khoom qab zib, qhob noom xim kasfes, marmalade thiab marshmallows. Xyoo 1899, kev koom tes tau txais lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb: tus xa khoom mus rau lub tsev hais plaub ntawm Nws Imperial Majesty. Qhov zoo tau ua tsaug.

Lub Aprikosovs siv kev tshaj tawm zoo heev. Hauv cov nroog, cov ntawv tshaj tawm tau dai, cov khw tau xav tsis thoob los ntawm kev nplua nuj ntawm cov iav thiab tsom iav, thiab thaum yuav khoom, tus neeg yuav khoom tau nthuav tawm nrog daim ntawv qhia hnub. Lub ntim tau zoo heev. Cov khoom qab zib tau qhwv rau hauv cov ntawv ci, cov hnab velvet, cov thawv ntoo, cov iav zoo nkauj tau siv. Cov ntawv xa ntawv, daim ntawv lo thiab cov khoom qab zib yog cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm cov neeg ua yeeb yam nto moo xws li Apollinaris thiab Viktor Vasnetsov, Ivan Bilibin, Konstantin Somov thiab lwm tus. Ntawm pob khoom ib tus tuaj yeem pom lub hnub qub lossis rooj sib ntxiv rau cov menyuam kawm ntawv, cov lus tsis txaus ntseeg.

Xyoo 1922, Lub Koom Haum Hauv Tebchaws tau hloov npe ua Petr Babaev Factory.

Thiab qee cov npe cov cim lag luam tau dhau los ua cov npe hauv Lavxias: scuba iav, thermos thiab lwm yam. Niaj hnub no peb coob leej tseem tsis tau paub txog nws.