Video: Secrets ntawm Vasnetsov "Heroes": leej twg tus kws kos duab tau piav qhia hauv daim duab nto moo
2024 Tus sau: Richard Flannagan | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 00:06
Ib qho ntawm cov duab nto moo tshaj plaws Viktor Vasnetsov: koj puas xav tau ntau tus thwjtim? thiab txhua daim duab pleev xim Lavxias tau hu ua nto moo "Heroes", uas dhau los ua ib qho ntawm kev yuav khoom zaum kawg ntawm Pavel Tretyakov rau nws cov duab. Txhua leej txhua tus paub tias daim duab piav qhia txog Ilya Muromets, Dobrynya Nikitich thiab Alyosha Popovich, tab sis qhov tseeb, tsis yog keeb kwm thiab keeb kwm dab neeg nkaus xwb.
Viktor Vasnetsov tau ua haujlwm ntawm The Bogatyrs txog li 30 xyoo. Thawj daim duab kos yog hnub tim 1871, qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg tau xeeb nyob hauv Paris xyoo 1876, thiab cov duab tau ua tiav tsuas yog xyoo 1898. Cov canvas no tau los ua lub hauv paus rau tus kws kos duab tus kheej hauv tib lub xyoo. Vasnetsov tau lees tias: "Kuv tau ua haujlwm ntawm Heroes, tej zaum tsis yog ib txwm siv qhov tsim nyog, tab sis lawv ib txwm nyob tsis tswm ntawm kuv xub ntiag, kuv lub siab yeej ib txwm kos rau lawv thiab kuv txhais tes ncav tes! Lawv yog kuv lub luag haujlwm muaj tswv yim, lub luag haujlwm rau kuv cov neeg ib txwm."
Folklore motives tau nrov heev hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm Itinerant artists, thiab rau Viktor Vasnetsov cov ncauj lus no tau dhau los ua ib qho tseem ceeb. Hauv nruab nrab ntawm kev sau ntawv "Bogatyrs" (lub npe "Peb Tus Heroes" yog yuam kev, txawm hais tias tib neeg hu daim duab no li ntawd) yog cov phab ej. Lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb tau nyiam tus kws kos duab tag nrho nws lub neej. Qhov no muaj pov thawj los ntawm cov duab "Bayan" (1910), "Heroic Gallop" (1914), "Combat of Peresvet with Chelubey" (1914), "Fight of Dobrynya Nikitich with the seven-head Serpent Gorynych" (1918) thiab lwm tus.
Cov dab neeg zoo tshaj Ilya Muromets, Dobrynya Nikitich thiab Alyosha Popovich tau dhau los ua keeb kwm keeb kwm ntawm tus phab ej ntawm daim duab. Nws yog qhov tsim nyog hais tias Ilya Muromets tsis yog tsuas yog qhov zoo, tab sis kuj yog tus yam ntxwv tiag tiag. Nws yog tus tub rog hu ua Chobotok, uas tau yug los nyob rau xyoo 1188 hauv Murom. Tom qab raug mob hnyav hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua, nws "faib cov khoom muaj nqis uas nws tau txais los kho cov tsev teev ntuj" thiab tau cog lus ua vaj tsev, txais lub npe tshiab - Ilya. Xyoo 1643 Lavxias lub Koom Txoos Orthodox canonized nws nyob rau hauv lub npe ntawm Monk Ilya ntawm Murom. Nws relics yog khaws cia hauv Kiev-Pechersk Lavra.
Xyoo 1988, cov kws tshawb fawb tau tshawb fawb txog qhov seem ntawm Ilya Muromets, thaum lub sijhawm uas lawv tau tsim los tias nws tau pw hauv txaj kom txog thaum muaj hnub nyoog 30 xyoo vim yog mob txha nraub qaum, thiab tias nws tuag los ntawm tshuab raj rau lub plawv. Qhov kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua nees nkaum. tswj kom rov txhim kho nws lub ntsej muag: cov kws tshawb fawb hais tias nws yog tus txiv neej loj uas tsim cov leeg, ntev txog 182 cm. Thaum lub sijhawm tsim cov duab, Vasnetsov tsis paub cov lus tseeb no, tab sis nws tau piav qhia tus hero raws li nws xav nws: dumpy, majestic thiab nyob ntsiag to.
Cov keeb kwm keeb kwm ntawm Dobrynya Nikitich nyuaj dua los txiav txim siab: ntau tus cim nrog lub npe ntawd tau hais hauv zaj dab neeg. Thaj, nws yog tus sawv cev ntawm tsev neeg tseem ceeb. Tab sis paub ntau ntxiv txog Alyosha Popovich, txawm li cas los xij, hauv phau ntawv sau keeb kwm nws tau hais hauv qab lub npe Alexander Popovich. Nws yog Rostov boyar uas kov yeej cov yeeb ncuab tsis ntau zog los ntawm kev txawj thiab ntse. Nws tau ua pov thawj nws tus kheej ua tus tub rog tsis ntshai nyob hauv ntau qhov kev sib ntaus sib tua tseem ceeb. Tab sis tom qab ntawd, nyob rau hauv kev cuam tshuam ntawm lub npe menyuam yaus Popovich (tus tub ntawm tus pov thawj), cov lus xaiv uas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau tus yeeb yam zoo sib xws - kev dag ntxias, dag ntxias thiab kev hlub.
Tag nrho peb tus phab ej nyob rau lub sijhawm sib txawv, thiab tsuas yog tuaj yeem ntsib hauv Vasnetsov cov duab. Thaum Ilya Muromets yog txoj kev uas tus kws kos duab piav qhia nws, Dobrynya xav tias yog txiv neej laus, thiab Alyosha Popovich yog ib tug tub.
Txawm li cas los xij, ntxiv rau epic heroes, Vasnetsov cov cim kuj tseem muaj cov qauv tiag tiag, uas nws pom ntawm nws cov neeg nyob ib puag ncig. Lawv hais tias tus qauv ntawm Ilya Muromets yog cov neeg pluag ntawm xeev Vladimir xeev Ivan Petrov, ntxiv rau tus cabman uas tus kws kos duab tau ntsib hauv Moscow thiab yaum kom ua: "Kuv tab tom taug kev hla tus choj ze ntawm Crimean choj," V. Vasnetsov tom qab hais tias, "thiab kuv pom: ib tus neeg hnyav tau sawv ze ntawm cov tub rog, zoo ib yam li cov duab nto qaub ncaug ntawm kuv Ilya."
Hauv qhov pom ntawm Dobrynya, qee tus kws tshawb fawb pom cov yam ntxwv ntawm Vasnetsov nws tus kheej. Nws ntseeg tias Dobrynya lub ntsej muag tau dhau los ua ib pawg ntawm Vasnetsov tsev neeg - tsis yog tsuas yog tus kws kos duab, tab sis kuj yog nws yawg thiab txiv. Tab sis rau Alyosha Popovich, tus tub ntxawg ntawm tus tswv ntawm Savva Mamontov, Andrei, ua rau tus kws kos duab hauv Abramtsevo qub txeeg qub teg. Tom qab ntawd nws tsuas yog 13 xyoos, thiab tom qab 8 xyoo tus tub hluas tau mob thiab tuag tam sim ntawd. Vasnetsov sau nws daim duab los ntawm kev nco.
Cov dab neeg zoo nkauj hauv tus kws kos duab feem ntau tau txais cov yam ntxwv sab nrauv ntawm nws lub sijhawm: vim li cas "Alyonushka" Vasnetsov thaum xub thawj hu ua "neeg ruam", lossis Zoo heev thiab tiag tiag hauv daim duab nto moo
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